Abstract：
:Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is frequently encountered in tropical countries. Imaging plays an important role in its recognition and in its differentiation from other similar conditions. Specific magnetic resonance techniques, such as magnetization transfer imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion, and perfusion imaging are useful in its characterization and management. This article reviews the various forms of CNS tuberculosis, including its complications and imaging features.
journal_name
Neuroimaging Clin N Amjournal_title
Neuroimaging clinics of North Americaauthors
Gupta RK,Kumar Sdoi
10.1016/j.nic.2011.07.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-11-01 00:00:00pages
795-814, vii-viiiissue
4eissn
1052-5149issn
1557-9867pii
S1052-5149(11)00107-9journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The olfactory system and especially the olfactory bulb (OB) as the first relay in the olfactory system represent highly plastic structures. For example, OB volume partly reflects the degree of afferent neural activity. Research indicates that smell deficits leading to a reduced sensory input result in structural chang...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2007.10.002
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In early trials of thrombolysis, unenhanced CT was used to exclude patients with brain hemorrhage or large infarctions but was insensitive to stroke pathophysiology or early signs of cerebral ischemia or infarction. Currently, CT angiography, CT perfusion, and MR imaging can provide information about stroke mechanisms...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2005.06.001
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data from intravenous tissue plasminogen activator studies have shown rapidly diminishing clinical benefit beyond 3 hours when noncontrast CT is used for treatment triage. Newer trials, such as the Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke trial, have now successfully pushed the time window out to 9 hours using the concep...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2005.08.002
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidemic of cardiovascular disease across most of Asia is at a different stage from that in the West; the incidence and prevalence of stroke are increasing steadily, associated with nutritional changes and aging of the population. Epidemiologic data, crucial in combating stroke, have been relatively sparse in Asia...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2005.07.001
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MR imaging has greatly improved the understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and has provided robust outcome measures for monitoring MS activity. Modest correlation between the presence and extent of enhancement and the evolution of MS probably owes to the limited sensit...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pyogenic spondylitis and discitis are usually seen following a recent infection or surgery. A septic embolus causes an infarcted area within the bone. Pyogenic spondylitis is characterized by edema, vascular leakage, and supportive inflammatory reaction characterized with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In tuberculosis ...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2015.01.011
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extensive PET imaging research on AD has been conducted since PET scanners became available in the early 1980s. PET imaging using FDG, now commercially available, can detect early metabolic changes in AD and differential metabolic features of various dementing disorders. Image analysis techniques have also advanced in...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1052-5149(03)00099-6
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a major risk factor for dementia, has an amnestic subtype that has a high probability of progressing to Alzheimer's disease. The rate of progression may be predicted by the severity of memory impairment at baseline, the severity of hippocampal atrophy, and, possibly, the presence of an...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2005.09.010
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumors of the head and neck are primary sites for radiation treatment. In combination with surgery, the role of radiation is further expanded; however, localization of the primary tumor and its metastases, actual or potential, and the relationship to critical structures are quintessential to the application of radiati...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracranial hemorrhage is a common initial symptom of intracranial vascular malformations. Although CT remains important in the acute setting, MR imaging has proved invaluable for diagnosis and characterization of intracranial hemorrhage. MR imaging of hemorrhage and the differential diagnosis of nontraumatic intracr...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biologic connectionism holds as its central tenet that the cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions of the brain are derived from the complex interconnections of simple neural processing units. Much can be learned about the human mind through the study of the brain's connections in normal and diseased states. This a...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2007.07.002
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article is an update and literature review of the clinical and neuroimaging findings of the commonly known rickettsial, spirochetal, and eukaryotic parasitic infections. Being familiar with clinical presentation and imaging findings of these infections is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment especially in pa...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2012.05.015
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assessment of the oxygenation status of brain tumors has been studied increasingly with imaging techniques in light of recent advances in oncology. Tumor oxygen tension is a critical factor influencing the effectiveness of radiation and chemotherapy and malignant progression. Hypoxic tumors are resistant to treatment,...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1052-5149(02)00029-1
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuro-otologists rely on the expertise and judgment of a skilled neuroradiologist to identify radiographic abnormalities in the complicated regional anatomy of the temporal bone and middle and posterior fossa, and more importantly, to alert the surgeon to potential operative pitfalls. This article highlights some of t...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2018.09.008
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fetal MR imaging is complementary to obstetric ultrasonography. The additional information provided by in utero MR imaging may alter prenatal, perinatal, or immediate postnatal management. For example, the MR imaging findings may affect the decision to continue the pregnancy, change the mode, timing, or location of de...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2004.03.006
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroimaging is a potentially valuable tool to link individual differences in the human genome to structure and functional variations, narrowing the gaps in the casual chain from a given genetic variation to a brain disorder. Because genes are not usually expressed at the level of mental behavior, but are mediated by ...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2014.09.005
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In children, lesions involving and affecting the airway are numerous and vary in origin. Categorizing these lesions by origin (traumatic, inflammatory, congenital or developmental, neoplastic, and vascular) or by anatomy (nasal airway and nasopharynx, oral airway and oropharynx, larynx, trachea, and extrinsic lesions)...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebral blood flow (CBF, cerebral perfusion) mirrors cerebral metabolic demand and neuronal function, and therefore, is a vital parameter in the evaluation of pediatric brain injury and recovery. Until recently, measurement of CBF involved intravenous bolus injection of contrast agents or nuclear medicine methods tha...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2005.10.002
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is difficult to justify maintaining a clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) program based solely on revenue generation. The use of fMRI is, therefore, based mostly in patient care considerations, leading to better outcomes. The high costs of the top-of-the-line equipment, hardware, and software need...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2014.07.007
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Classical descriptions of the temporal bone are based on its five embryologically distinct osseous components: the petrous, tympanic, mastoid, squamous, and styloid portions. ...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2004.07.008
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The strength duration relationship for peripheral nerve stimulation by MR imaging pulsed gradient magnetic fields was measured in 84 human subjects. The data were fitted to the hyperbolic strength-duration relationship: dB/dt=b(1 + c/d), where b is rheobase, c is chronaxie, and d is duration, and dB/dt is reported as ...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article provides a brief description of cerebral arterial angiographic anatomy with special attention given to the deep nuclear structures and collateral supply as it relates to acute ischemic stroke. Illustrative angiography cases with the CT or MRI are provided. Illustrative cases of differential diagnoses of s...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and extracellular fluid of the parenchyma form the fluid compartments of the brain with three interfaces between--the blood-brain interface, the CSF-brain interface, and the blood-CSF interface. These and other issues are discussed in this article. ...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system typically affecting the gray and the white matter of the brain and spinal cord in multiple locations. In the acute stages, ADEM is characterized histologically by perivenous edema, demyelination, and infiltr...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2007.12.007
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More studies on the natural history of carotid artery plaques are needed to predict more reliably which plaque types or features are the most dangerous (see Table 2). Studies on carotid and coronary endarterectomy specimens indicate a dynamic process of rupture, thrombus formation, healing, and remodeling of the plaqu...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1052-5149(02)00015-1
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased iron deposition in cerebral deep gray matter has been considered a global marker for neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS); it scales with disease duration and severity. Iron accumulation in white matter and MS lesions might be more directly related to disease activity and has been discussed as a cont...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2016.12.003
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By harnessing the versatility and soft tissue imaging capabilities of MR imaging alongside the unmatched sensitivity and biomolecular flexibility of PET, the potential to provide detailed multiparametric plaque characterization in the carotid arteries is clear. The ability to acquire simultaneous, and dynamic multimod...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2015.09.005
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diffusion imaging is a functional MR imaging tool that creates tissue contrast representative of the random, microscopic translational motion of water molecules within human body tissues. Long considered a cornerstone MR imaging sequence for brain imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) increasingly is used for head...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2020.04.001
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since acute stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are disruptions of brain hemodynamics, perfusion neuroimaging might be of clinical utility. Recently, arterial spin labeling (ASL), a noncontrast perfusion method, has become clinically feasible. It has advantages compared to contrast bolus perfusion-weighted imag...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2011.01.003
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Imaging evaluation of the postoperative orbit remains challenging even for the expert neuroradiologist. This article provides a simplified framework for understanding the complex postoperative appearances of the orbit, in an attempt to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of postoperative computed tomography and MR imaging...
journal_title：Neuroimaging clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nic.2015.05.008
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
