Discovery of novel intermediate forms redefines the fungal tree of life.

abstract：:Until now, photovoltaics--the conversion of sunlight to electrical power--has been dominated by solid-state junction devices, often made of silicon. But this dominance is now being challenged by the emergence of a new generation of photovoltaic cells, based, for example, on nanocrystalline materials and conducting pol...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Grätzel M

更新日期：2001-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleation of aerosol particles from trace atmospheric vapours is thought to provide up to half of global cloud condensation nuclei. Aerosols can cause a net cooling of climate by scattering sunlight and by leading to smaller but more numerous cloud droplets, which makes clouds brighter and extends their lifetimes. At...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Almeida J,Schobesberger S,Kürten A,Ortega IK,Kupiainen-Määttä O,Praplan AP,Adamov A,Amorim A,Bianchi F,Breitenlechner M,David A,Dommen J,Donahue NM,Downard A,Dunne E,Duplissy J,Ehrhart S,Flagan RC,Franchin A,Guida R

更新日期：2013-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteocalcin is the most abundant noncollagenous protein in bone, and its concentration in serum is closely linked to bone metabolism and serves as a biological marker for the clinical assessment of bone disease. Although its precise mechanism of action is unclear, osteocalcin influences bone mineralization, in part th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hoang QQ,Sicheri F,Howard AJ,Yang DS

更新日期：2003-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal behaviour arises from computations in neuronal circuits, but our understanding of these computations has been frustrated by the lack of detailed synaptic connection maps, or connectomes. For example, despite intensive investigations over half a century, the neuronal implementation of local motion detection in t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Takemura SY,Bharioke A,Lu Z,Nern A,Vitaladevuni S,Rivlin PK,Katz WT,Olbris DJ,Plaza SM,Winston P,Zhao T,Horne JA,Fetter RD,Takemura S,Blazek K,Chang LA,Ogundeyi O,Saunders MA,Shapiro V,Sigmund C,Rubin GM,Scheffe

更新日期：2013-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The factors driving glacial changes in ocean overturning circulation are not well understood. On the basis of a comparison of 20 climate variables over the past four glacial cycles, the SPECMAP project proposed that summer insolation at high northern latitudes (that is, Milankovitch forcing) drives the same sequence o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lisiecki LE,Raymo ME,Curry WB

更新日期：2008-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A fundamental tenet of cerebellar learning theories asserts that climbing fibre afferents from the inferior olive provide a teaching signal that promotes the gradual adaptation of movements. Data from several forms of motor learning provide support for this tenet. In pavlovian eyelid conditioning, for example, where a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Medina JF,Nores WL,Mauk MD

更新日期：2002-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The diverse functions of RNA, which include enzymatic activities, regulatory roles in transcription and translation, are made possible by tertiary structure. Computer algorithms can predict the secondary structure of an RNA molecule using free-energy parameters for base pairing and stacking, loops and bulges. However,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Puglisi JD,Wyatt JR,Tinoco I Jr

更新日期：1988-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have demonstrated that monkeys and humans can use signals from the brain to guide computer cursors. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) may one day assist patients suffering from neurological injury or disease, but relatively low system performance remains a major obstacle. In fact, the speed and accuracy ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Santhanam G,Ryu SI,Yu BM,Afshar A,Shenoy KV

更新日期：2006-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Q beta replicase, in the absence of added template, will synthesize RNA autocatalytically. A variety of small RNa species, termed '6S RNAs' are generated. As this reaction purportedly occurs in the absence of template, it has been termed 'de novo' RNA synthesis. The question of whether Q beta replicase can polymerize ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hill D,Blumenthal T

更新日期：1983-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex roles are typically thought of as being fixed for a given species. In most animals males compete for females, whereas the females are more reluctant to mate. Therefore sexual selection usually acts most strongly on males. This is explained by males having a higher potential reproductive rate than females, leading ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Forsgren E,Amundsen T,Borg AA,Bjelvenmark J

更新日期：2004-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The four-chambered mammalian heart develops from two fields of cardiac progenitor cells distinguished by their spatiotemporal patterns of differentiation and contributions to the definitive heart. The first heart field differentiates earlier in lateral plate mesoderm, generates the linear heart tube and ultimately giv...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhou Y,Cashman TJ,Nevis KR,Obregon P,Carney SA,Liu Y,Gu A,Mosimann C,Sondalle S,Peterson RE,Heideman W,Burns CE,Burns CG

更新日期：2011-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The c-Myc oncoprotein promotes proliferation and apoptosis, such that mutations that disable apoptotic programmes often cooperate with MYC during tumorigenesis. Here we report that two common mutant MYC alleles derived from human Burkitt's lymphoma uncouple proliferation from apoptosis and, as a result, are more effec...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hemann MT,Bric A,Teruya-Feldstein J,Herbst A,Nilsson JA,Cordon-Cardo C,Cleveland JL,Tansey WP,Lowe SW

更新日期：2005-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants encounter a myriad of microorganisms, particularly at the root-soil interface, that can invade with detrimental or beneficial outcomes. Prevalent beneficial associations between plants and microorganisms include those that promote plant growth by facilitating the acquisition of limiting nutrients such as nitrog...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zipfel C,Oldroyd GE

更新日期：2017-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A fundamental tenet of classical mendelian genetics is that allelic information is stably inherited from one generation to the next, resulting in predictable segregation patterns of differing alleles. Although several exceptions to this principle are known, all represent specialized cases that are mechanistically rest...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lolle SJ,Victor JL,Young JM,Pruitt RE

更新日期：2005-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Aerobic methanotrophic bacteria consume methane as it diffuses away from methanogenic zones of soil and sediment. They act as a biofilter to reduce methane emissions to the atmosphere, and they are therefore targets in strategies to combat global climate change. No cultured methanotroph grows optimally below pH 5, but...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dunfield PF,Yuryev A,Senin P,Smirnova AV,Stott MB,Hou S,Ly B,Saw JH,Zhou Z,Ren Y,Wang J,Mountain BW,Crowe MA,Weatherby TM,Bodelier PL,Liesack W,Feng L,Wang L,Alam M

更新日期：2007-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Activity in the motor cortex predicts movements, seconds before they are initiated. This preparatory activity has been observed across cortical layers, including in descending pyramidal tract neurons in layer 5. A key question is how preparatory activity is maintained without causing movement, and is ultimately conver...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Economo MN,Viswanathan S,Tasic B,Bas E,Winnubst J,Menon V,Graybuck LT,Nguyen TN,Smith KA,Yao Z,Wang L,Gerfen CR,Chandrashekar J,Zeng H,Looger LL,Svoboda K

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain has generally been considered an insulin-independent organ, because insulin does not apparently exert a direct effect on brain glucose consumption. Recently, however, insulin receptors have been detected throughout the central nervous system (CNS) of several species. Since important insights into the functio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van Houten M,Posner BI

更新日期：1979-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of anthropogenic aerosols on cloud droplet concentrations and radiative properties is the source of one of the largest uncertainties in the radiative forcing of climate over the industrial period. This uncertainty affects our ability to estimate how sensitive the climate is to greenhouse gas emissions. Here...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carslaw KS,Lee LA,Reddington CL,Pringle KJ,Rap A,Forster PM,Mann GW,Spracklen DV,Woodhouse MT,Regayre LA,Pierce JR

更新日期：2013-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The verification of nuclear warheads for arms control involves a paradox: international inspectors will have to gain high confidence in the authenticity of submitted items while learning nothing about them. Proposed inspection systems featuring 'information barriers', designed to hide measurements stored in electronic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Glaser A,Barak B,Goldston RJ

更新日期：2014-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In bacteria, archaea, fungi and plants the Trk, Ktr and HKT ion transporters are key components of osmotic regulation, pH homeostasis and resistance to drought and high salinity. These ion transporters are functionally diverse: they can function as Na(+) or K(+) channels and possibly as cation/K(+) symporters. They ar...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vieira-Pires RS,Szollosi A,Morais-Cabral JH

更新日期：2013-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The variable (V) regions of heavy and light immunoglobulin chains are encoded by multiple germline DNA elements which are assembled into complete variable-region genes in precursor(pre-) B lymphocytes. The heavy-chain V region (VH) is assembled from three separate germline DNA elements, the variable (VH), diversity (D...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Reth MG,Ammirati P,Jackson S,Alt FW

更新日期：1985-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Past sea-level records provide invaluable information about the response of ice sheets to climate forcing. Some such records suggest that the last deglaciation was punctuated by a dramatic period of sea-level rise, of about 20 metres, in less than 500 years. Controversy about the amplitude and timing of this meltwater...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Deschamps P,Durand N,Bard E,Hamelin B,Camoin G,Thomas AL,Henderson GM,Okuno J,Yokoyama Y

更新日期：2012-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammal-like reptiles of the order Therapsida document the emergence of mammals from more primitive synapsids and are of unique zoological and palaeontological interest on that account. Therapsids, first appearing in the Early Permian, were thought to become extinct in the Middle Jurassic, soon after the Late Triassic ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fox RC,Youzwyshyn GP,Krause DW

更新日期：1992-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The reaction mechanism of protein folding by the chaperonin GroEL and its regulator GroES has been defined. GroES and substrate protein counteract each other's effects on GroEL: whereas GroES stabilizes GroEL in the ADP-bound state, binding of unfolded polypeptide within the cavity of the GroEL cylinder triggers ADP a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Martin J,Mayhew M,Langer T,Hartl FU

更新日期：1993-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Blazars are active galactic nuclei, which are powerful sources of radiation whose central engine is located in the core of the host galaxy. Blazar emission is dominated by non-thermal radiation from a jet that moves relativistically towards us, and therefore undergoes Doppler beaming. This beaming causes flux enhancem...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Raiteri CM,Villata M,Acosta-Pulido JA,Agudo I,Arkharov AA,Bachev R,Baida GV,Benítez E,Borman GA,Boschin W,Bozhilov V,Butuzova MS,Calcidese P,Carnerero MI,Carosati D,Casadio C,Castro-Segura N,Chen WP,Damljanovic G,D'

更新日期：2017-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Thermoelectric energy harvesting-the transformation of waste heat into useful electricity-is of great interest for energy sustainability. The main obstacle is the low thermoelectric efficiency of materials for converting heat to electricity, quantified by the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT. The best available n-ty...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rhyee JS,Lee KH,Lee SM,Cho E,Kim SI,Lee E,Kwon YS,Shim JH,Kotliar G

更新日期：2009-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The foundation of western civilization owes much to the high fertility of bread wheat, which results from the stability of its polyploid genome. Despite possessing multiple sets of related chromosomes, hexaploid (bread) and tetraploid (pasta) wheat both behave as diploids at meiosis. Correct pairing of homologous chro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Griffiths S,Sharp R,Foote TN,Bertin I,Wanous M,Reader S,Colas I,Moore G

更新日期：2006-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) protein kinase mediates early cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated during metabolic processes or by DNA-damaging agents. ATM deficiency leads to ataxia-telangiectasia, a disease marked by lymphopenia, genomic instability and an increased predisposition...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bredemeyer AL,Sharma GG,Huang CY,Helmink BA,Walker LM,Khor KC,Nuskey B,Sullivan KE,Pandita TK,Bassing CH,Sleckman BP

更新日期：2006-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Planetary aurorae are formed by energetic charged particles streaming along the planet's magnetic field lines into the upper atmosphere from the surrounding space environment. Earth's main auroral oval is formed through interactions with the solar wind, whereas that at Jupiter is formed through interactions with plasm...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stallard T,Miller S,Melin H,Lystrup M,Cowley SW,Bunce EJ,Achilleos N,Dougherty M

更新日期：2008-06-19 00:00:00