Large contribution of natural aerosols to uncertainty in indirect forcing.

Abstract:

:The effect of anthropogenic aerosols on cloud droplet concentrations and radiative properties is the source of one of the largest uncertainties in the radiative forcing of climate over the industrial period. This uncertainty affects our ability to estimate how sensitive the climate is to greenhouse gas emissions. Here we perform a sensitivity analysis on a global model to quantify the uncertainty in cloud radiative forcing over the industrial period caused by uncertainties in aerosol emissions and processes. Our results show that 45 per cent of the variance of aerosol forcing since about 1750 arises from uncertainties in natural emissions of volcanic sulphur dioxide, marine dimethylsulphide, biogenic volatile organic carbon, biomass burning and sea spray. Only 34 per cent of the variance is associated with anthropogenic emissions. The results point to the importance of understanding pristine pre-industrial-like environments, with natural aerosols only, and suggest that improved measurements and evaluation of simulated aerosols in polluted present-day conditions will not necessarily result in commensurate reductions in the uncertainty of forcing estimates.

journal_name

Nature

journal_title

Nature

authors

Carslaw KS,Lee LA,Reddington CL,Pringle KJ,Rap A,Forster PM,Mann GW,Spracklen DV,Woodhouse MT,Regayre LA,Pierce JR

doi

10.1038/nature12674

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-11-07 00:00:00

pages

67-71

issue

7474

eissn

0028-0836

issn

1476-4687

pii

nature12674

journal_volume

503

pub_type

历史文章,杂志文章

相关文献

NATURE文献大全
  • Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms.

    abstract::A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter depends on a network of cell groups that activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts off this arousal s...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1038/nature04284

    authors: Saper CB,Scammell TE,Lu J

    更新日期:2005-10-27 00:00:00

  • Back the idea of human capital with solid research.

    abstract:: ...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07151-0

    authors:

    更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00

  • The role of interfacial lipids in stabilizing membrane protein oligomers.

    abstract::Oligomerization of membrane proteins in response to lipid binding has a critical role in many cell-signalling pathways but is often difficult to define or predict. Here we report the development of a mass spectrometry platform to determine simultaneously the presence of interfacial lipids and oligomeric stability and ...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/nature20820

    authors: Gupta K,Donlan JAC,Hopper JTS,Uzdavinys P,Landreh M,Struwe WB,Drew D,Baldwin AJ,Stansfeld PJ,Robinson CV

    更新日期:2017-01-19 00:00:00

  • An integrated physical map of human chromosome 16.

    abstract::We describe an integrated physical, genetic and cytogenetic map of human chromosome 16 comprising both a low-resolution megaYAC map and a high-resolution cosmid contig/miniYAC map, which provides nearly complete coverage of the euchromatic arms of the chromosome. The physical map is anchored to a high-resolution cytog...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/377335a0

    authors: Doggett NA,Goodwin LA,Tesmer JG,Meincke LJ,Bruce DC,Clark LM,Altherr MR,Ford AA,Chi HC,Marrone BL

    更新日期:1995-09-28 00:00:00

  • Ecology: ultraviolet reflectance by the skin of nestlings.

    abstract::Birds can perceive the reflectance of ultraviolet light by biological structures. Here we show that the skin of the mouth and body of starling nestlings substantially reflects light in the ultraviolet range and that young in which this reflectance is reduced will gain less mass than controls, despite low background le...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/431262a

    authors: Jourdie V,Moureau B,Bennett AT,Heeb P

    更新日期:2004-09-16 00:00:00

  • Synaptic, transcriptional and chromatin genes disrupted in autism.

    abstract::The genetic architecture of autism spectrum disorder involves the interplay of common and rare variants and their impact on hundreds of genes. Using exome sequencing, here we show that analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 autism cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or parental controls implicates 22 autosomal genes ...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/nature13772

    authors: De Rubeis S,He X,Goldberg AP,Poultney CS,Samocha K,Cicek AE,Kou Y,Liu L,Fromer M,Walker S,Singh T,Klei L,Kosmicki J,Shih-Chen F,Aleksic B,Biscaldi M,Bolton PF,Brownfeld JM,Cai J,Campbell NG,Carracedo A,Chahrour

    更新日期:2014-11-13 00:00:00

  • Changes in composition and activity of microtubule-associated proteins during brain development.

    abstract::The onsert of neuronal differentiation is characterised by intensive neurite growth; because microtubule formation is strictly required during this process, in vitro assembly of the tubulin present in the rat brain has been studied at different stages of development: the rate of assembly is very slow in the early stag...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/284353a0

    authors: Mareck A,Fellous A,Francon J,Nunez J

    更新日期:1980-03-27 00:00:00

  • Glass behaviour: Poisson's ratio and liquid's fragility.

    abstract::The lack of a reliable theory of glass physics has led to the pursuit of correlations between various glass or viscous liquid parameters, one of which is the slope m of the plot of log(viscosity) against Tg/T, extrapolated at the glass-transition temperature, Tg, also termed 'fragility'. Novikov and Sokolov conclude t...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/nature04967

    authors: Yannopoulos SN,Johari GP

    更新日期:2006-08-03 00:00:00

  • Male development of chromosomally female mice transgenic for Sry.

    abstract::The initiation of male development in mammals requires one or more genes on the Y chromosome. A recently isolated gene, termed SRY in humans and Sry in mouse, has many of the genetic and biological properties expected of a Y-located testis-determining gene. It is now shown that Sry on a 14-kilobase genomic DNA fragmen...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/351117a0

    authors: Koopman P,Gubbay J,Vivian N,Goodfellow P,Lovell-Badge R

    更新日期:1991-05-09 00:00:00

  • Displaced cratonic mantle concentrates deep carbon during continental rifting.

    abstract::Continental rifts are important sources of mantle carbon dioxide (CO2) emission into Earth's atmosphere1-3. Because deep carbon is stored for long periods in the lithospheric mantle4-6, rift CO2 flux depends on lithospheric processes that control melt and volatile transport1,3,7. The influence of compositional and thi...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2328-3

    authors: Muirhead JD,Fischer TP,Oliva SJ,Laizer A,van Wijk J,Currie CA,Lee H,Judd EJ,Kazimoto E,Sano Y,Takahata N,Tiberi C,Foley SF,Dufek J,Reiss MC,Ebinger CJ

    更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00

  • Analysis of gain-of-function mutations of the lin-12 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans.

    abstract::Certain cell fate decisions are specified by cell-cell interactions during the development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. For example, in a wild-type hermaphrodite gonad, two cells, Z1.ppp and Z4.aaa, have the potential to become the anchor cell (AC). Intercellular communication establishes their fates and en...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/346197a0

    authors: Greenwald I,Seydoux G

    更新日期:1990-07-12 00:00:00

  • Global distribution and conservation of rare and threatened vertebrates.

    abstract::Global conservation strategies commonly assume that different taxonomic groups show congruent geographical patterns of diversity, and that the distribution of extinction-prone species in one group can therefore act as a surrogate for vulnerable species in other groups when conservation decisions are being made. The va...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/nature05237

    authors: Grenyer R,Orme CD,Jackson SF,Thomas GH,Davies RG,Davies TJ,Jones KE,Olson VA,Ridgely RS,Rasmussen PC,Ding TS,Bennett PM,Blackburn TM,Gaston KJ,Gittleman JL,Owens IP

    更新日期:2006-11-02 00:00:00

  • Genetic variance of laboratory outbred Swiss mice.

    abstract::The extent of allelic variation has been estimated at 46 structural gene loci within three major colonies of Swiss mice and between inbred derivative strains. The colonies have retained nearly the same amount and type of variation found in natural murine or human populations despite laboratory propagation for more tha...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/283157a0

    authors: Rice MC,O'Brien SJ

    更新日期:1980-01-10 00:00:00

  • Boosting slow oscillations during sleep potentiates memory.

    abstract::There is compelling evidence that sleep contributes to the long-term consolidation of new memories. This function of sleep has been linked to slow (<1 Hz) potential oscillations, which predominantly arise from the prefrontal neocortex and characterize slow wave sleep. However, oscillations in brain potentials are comm...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/nature05278

    authors: Marshall L,Helgadóttir H,Mölle M,Born J

    更新日期:2006-11-30 00:00:00

  • NLRX1 is a regulator of mitochondrial antiviral immunity.

    abstract::The RIG-like helicase (RLH) family of intracellular receptors detect viral nucleic acid and signal through the mitochondrial antiviral signalling adaptor MAVS (also known as Cardif, VISA and IPS-1) during a viral infection. MAVS activation leads to the rapid production of antiviral cytokines, including type 1 interfer...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/nature06501

    authors: Moore CB,Bergstralh DT,Duncan JA,Lei Y,Morrison TE,Zimmermann AG,Accavitti-Loper MA,Madden VJ,Sun L,Ye Z,Lich JD,Heise MT,Chen Z,Ting JP

    更新日期:2008-01-31 00:00:00

  • Catalysis by hen egg-white lysozyme proceeds via a covalent intermediate.

    abstract::Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) was the first enzyme to have its three-dimensional structure determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. A catalytic mechanism, featuring a long-lived oxocarbenium-ion intermediate, was proposed on the basis of model-building studies. The 'Phillips' mechanism is widely held as the paradig...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/35090602

    authors: Vocadlo DJ,Davies GJ,Laine R,Withers SG

    更新日期:2001-08-23 00:00:00

  • Author Correction: Metabolic gatekeeper function of B-lymphoid transcription factors.

    abstract::In Fig. 3c of this Letter, the the effects of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of NR3C1, TXNIP and CNR2 in patient-derived B-lineage leukaemia cells were shown. For curves depicting NR3C1 (left graph), data s for TXNIP (middle graph) were inadvertently plotted. This figure has been corrected online, and the original Fig....

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误

    doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0164-5

    authors: Chan LN,Chen Z,Braas D,Lee JW,Xiao G,Geng H,Cosgun KN,Hurtz C,Shojaee S,Cazzaniga V,Schjerven H,Ernst T,Hochhaus A,Kornblau SM,Konopleva M,Pufall MA,Cazzaniga G,Liu GJ,Milne TA,Koeffler HP,Ross TS,Sánchez-García

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular cloning establishes proenkephalin as precursor of enkephalin-containing peptides.

    abstract::Molecular cloning and DNA sequencing have yielded considerable structural information about proenkephalin. All previously characterized intermediate peptides of the enkephalin pathways in bovine adrenal medulla have now been aligned into an unambiguous primary structure. Two basic amino acid residues serve as processi...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/295206a0

    authors: Gubler U,Seeburg P,Hoffman BJ,Gage LP,Udenfriend S

    更新日期:1982-01-21 00:00:00

  • Wave and defect dynamics in nonlinear photonic quasicrystals.

    abstract::Quasicrystals are unique structures with long-range order but no periodicity. Their properties have intrigued scientists ever since their discovery and initial theoretical analysis. The lack of periodicity excludes the possibility of describing quasicrystal structures with well-established analytical tools, including ...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/nature04722

    authors: Freedman B,Bartal G,Segev M,Lifshitz R,Christodoulides DN,Fleischer JW

    更新日期:2006-04-27 00:00:00

  • Genetic variants regulating expression levels and isoform diversity during embryogenesis.

    abstract::Embryonic development is driven by tightly regulated patterns of gene expression, despite extensive genetic variation among individuals. Studies of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) indicate that genetic variation frequently alters gene expression in cell-culture models and differentiated tissues. However, the...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/nature20802

    authors: Cannavò E,Koelling N,Harnett D,Garfield D,Casale FP,Ciglar L,Gustafson HE,Viales RR,Marco-Ferreres R,Degner JF,Zhao B,Stegle O,Birney E,Furlong EE

    更新日期:2017-01-19 00:00:00

  • Global variation in copy number in the human genome.

    abstract::Copy number variation (CNV) of DNA sequences is functionally significant but has yet to be fully ascertained. We have constructed a first-generation CNV map of the human genome through the study of 270 individuals from four populations with ancestry in Europe, Africa or Asia (the HapMap collection). DNA from these ind...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/nature05329

    authors: Redon R,Ishikawa S,Fitch KR,Feuk L,Perry GH,Andrews TD,Fiegler H,Shapero MH,Carson AR,Chen W,Cho EK,Dallaire S,Freeman JL,González JR,Gratacòs M,Huang J,Kalaitzopoulos D,Komura D,MacDonald JR,Marshall CR,Mei R,M

    更新日期:2006-11-23 00:00:00

  • Diet-microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism.

    abstract::It is widely accepted that obesity and associated metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, are intimately linked to diet. However, the gut microbiota has also become a focus for research at the intersection of diet and metabolic health. Mechanisms that link the gut microbiota with obesity are coming to light thr...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1038/nature18846

    authors: Sonnenburg JL,Bäckhed F

    更新日期:2016-07-07 00:00:00

  • Learning of action through adaptive combination of motor primitives.

    abstract::Understanding how the brain constructs movements remains a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. The brain may control complex movements through flexible combination of motor primitives, where each primitive is an element of computation in the sensorimotor map that transforms desired limb trajectories into motor comm...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/35037588

    authors: Thoroughman KA,Shadmehr R

    更新日期:2000-10-12 00:00:00

  • Substrate twinning activates the signal recognition particle and its receptor.

    abstract::Signal sequences target proteins for secretion from cells or for integration into cell membranes. As nascent proteins emerge from the ribosome, signal sequences are recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP), which subsequently associates with its receptor (SR). In this complex, the SRP and SR stimulate each ...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/nature02250

    authors: Egea PF,Shan SO,Napetschnig J,Savage DF,Walter P,Stroud RM

    更新日期:2004-01-15 00:00:00

  • Author Correction: The selective tRNA aminoacylation mechanism based on a single G•U pair.

    abstract::In Fig. 1b of this Article, a U was inadvertently inserted after G15 in the D loop. The original Article has not been corrected. ...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误

    doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0760-4

    authors: Naganuma M,Sekine SI,Chong YE,Guo M,Yang XL,Gamper H,Hou YM,Schimmel P,Yokoyama S

    更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00

  • Evolutionary genomics: codon bias and selection on single genomes.

    abstract::The idea that natural selection on genes might be detected using only a single genome has been put forward by Plotkin and colleagues, who present a method that they claim can detect selection without the need for comparative data and which, if correct, would confer greater power of analysis with less information. Here...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/nature03221

    authors: Hahn MW,Mezey JG,Begun DJ,Gillespie JH,Kern AD,Langley CH,Moyle LC

    更新日期:2005-01-20 00:00:00

  • Structural determinants for regulation of phosphodiesterase by a G protein at 2.0 A.

    abstract::A multitude of heptahelical receptors use heterotrimeric G proteins to transduce signals to specific effector target molecules. The G protein transducin, Gt, couples photon-activated rhodopsin with the effector cyclic GMP phosophodiesterase (PDE) in the vertebrate phototransduction cascade. The interactions of the Gt ...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/35059138

    authors: Slep KC,Kercher MA,He W,Cowan CW,Wensel TG,Sigler PB

    更新日期:2001-02-22 00:00:00

  • Dual nature of the adaptive immune system in lampreys.

    abstract::Jawless vertebrates use variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) comprised of leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) segments as counterparts of the immunoglobulin-based receptors that jawed vertebrates use for antigen recognition. Highly diverse VLR genes are somatically assembled by the insertion of variable LRR sequences into incomp...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/nature08068

    authors: Guo P,Hirano M,Herrin BR,Li J,Yu C,Sadlonova A,Cooper MD

    更新日期:2009-06-11 00:00:00

  • Reconstitution of active dimeric ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from an unfoleded state depends on two chaperonin proteins and Mg-ATP.

    abstract::In vitro reconstitution of active ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) from unfolded polypeptides is facilitated by the molecular chaperones: chaperonin-60 from Escherichia coli (groEL), yeast mitochondria (hsp60) or chloroplasts (Rubisco sub-unit-binding protein), together with chaperonin-10 from E. coli (groE...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/342884a0

    authors: Goloubinoff P,Christeller JT,Gatenby AA,Lorimer GH

    更新日期:1989-12-21 00:00:00

  • Synaptic facilitation requires paired activation of convergent pathways in the neocortex.

    abstract::In associative learning, the activated neurones undergo a variety of concomitant functional alterations--increases or decreases of firing activity and modifications of membrane potential or resistance and of synaptic responsiveness. Synaptic transmission which can be strengthened only when there is paired activity in ...

    journal_title:Nature

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/290413a0

    authors: Baranyi A,Fehér O

    更新日期:1981-04-02 00:00:00