A zero-knowledge protocol for nuclear warhead verification.

abstract：:Pairwise recognition of splice sites as a result of a scanning mechanism is an attractive model to explain the coordination of vertebrate splicing. Such a mechanism would predict a polarity-of-site recognition in the scanned unit, but no evidence for a polarity gradient across introns has been found. We have suggested...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Niwa M,MacDonald CC,Berget SM

更新日期：1992-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The glutamate dehydrogenase gene of Escherichia coli has been cloned into broad host-range plasmids and can complement glutamate synthase mutants of Methylophilus methylotrophus. Assimilation of ammonia via glutamate dehydrogenase is more energy-efficient than via glutamate synthase, thus the recombinant organism conv...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Windass JD,Worsey MJ,Pioli EM,Pioli D,Barth PT,Atherton KT,Dart EC,Byrom D,Powell K,Senior PJ

更新日期：1980-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants, algae and cyanobacteria is initiated at photosystem II, a homodimeric multisubunit protein-cofactor complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Photosystem II captures sunlight and powers the unique photo-induced oxidation of water to atmospheric oxygen. Crystallographic investigatio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Loll B,Kern J,Saenger W,Zouni A,Biesiadka J

更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The partial amino-acid sequence of purified human transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) was used to identify a series of cDNA clones encoding the protein. The cDNA sequence indicates that the 112-amino acid monomeric form of the natural TGF-beta homodimer is derived proteolytically from a much longer precursor po...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Derynck R,Jarrett JA,Chen EY,Eaton DH,Bell JR,Assoian RK,Roberts AB,Sporn MB,Goeddel DV

更新日期：1985-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurotransmitters modulate the activity of ion channels through a variety of second messengers, including cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and the products of phosphatidylinositol breakdown. Little is known about how different transmitters acting through different second-messenger systems interact within a cell to regulate sing...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Belardetti F,Kandel ER,Siegelbaum SA

更新日期：1987-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrolysis of the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) produces two prospective intracellular messengers: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), which releases Ca2+ from intracellular stores; and diacylglycerol (DG), which activates protein kinase C. Here we show how the formation...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Higashida H,Brown DA

更新日期：1986-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:An increase in free calcium triggers catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells and calmodulin is strongly implicated as the intracellular Ca2+ receptor. In our recent studies of calmodulin action in the chromaffin cell, micromolar Ca2+ concentrations resulted in calmodulin and cytosolic proteins becoming bound to ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Geisow MJ,Burgoyne RD

更新日期：1983-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Excision of introns from nuclear precursors to messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) by the spliceosome requires two distinct phosphodiester transfer (transesterification) reactions: exchange of a 3'-5' for a 2'-5' bond in the first step (lariat formation) and exchange of one 3'-5' phosphodiester for another in the second step (...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moore MJ,Sharp PA

更新日期：1993-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is controlled by intrinsic factors and niche signals. In the Drosophila melanogaster ovary, some intrinsic factors promote germline stem cell (GSC) self-renewal, whereas others stimulate differentiation. However, it remains poorly understood how the balanc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pan L,Wang S,Lu T,Weng C,Song X,Park JK,Sun J,Yang ZH,Yu J,Tang H,McKearin DM,Chamovitz DA,Ni J,Xie T

更新日期：2014-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:It is not yet clear whether humans are able to learn while they are sleeping. Here we show that full-term human newborns can be taught to discriminate between similar vowel sounds when they are fast asleep. It is possible that such sleep training soon after birth could find application in clinical or educational situa...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cheour M,Martynova O,Näätänen R,Erkkola R,Sillanpää M,Kero P,Raz A,Kaipio ML,Hiltunen J,Aaltonen O,Savela J,Hämäläinen H

更新日期：2002-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoclasts are the only somatic cells with bone-resorbing capacity and, as such, they have a critical role not only in normal bone homeostasis (called 'bone remodelling') but also in the pathogenesis of bone destructive disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. A major focus of research in the field ha...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ishii M,Egen JG,Klauschen F,Meier-Schellersheim M,Saeki Y,Vacher J,Proia RL,Germain RN

更新日期：2009-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In mice, the Ter mutation causes primordial germ cell (PGC) loss in all genetic backgrounds. Ter is also a potent modifier of spontaneous testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) susceptibility in the 129 family of inbred strains, and markedly increases TGCT incidence in 129-Ter/Ter males. In 129-Ter/Ter mice, some of the r...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Youngren KK,Coveney D,Peng X,Bhattacharya C,Schmidt LS,Nickerson ML,Lamb BT,Deng JM,Behringer RR,Capel B,Rubin EM,Nadeau JH,Matin A

更新日期：2005-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that animal population dynamics may be synchronized by climate is highly relevant in the context of climate change because it suggests that several populations might respond simultaneously to climatic trends if their dynamics are entrained by environmental correlation. The dynamics of many species throu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Post E,Forchhammer MC

更新日期：2002-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Thermoelectric materials are of interest for applications as heat pumps and power generators. The performance of thermoelectric devices is quantified by a figure of merit, ZT, where Z is a measure of a material's thermoelectric properties and T is the absolute temperature. A material with a figure of merit of around u...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Venkatasubramanian R,Siivola E,Colpitts T,O'Quinn B

更新日期：2001-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The current need for novel antibiotics is especially acute for drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens1,2. These microorganisms have a highly restrictive permeability barrier, which limits the penetration of most compounds3,4. As a result, the last class of antibiotics that acted against Gram-negative bacteria was deve...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Imai Y,Meyer KJ,Iinishi A,Favre-Godal Q,Green R,Manuse S,Caboni M,Mori M,Niles S,Ghiglieri M,Honrao C,Ma X,Guo JJ,Makriyannis A,Linares-Otoya L,Böhringer N,Wuisan ZG,Kaur H,Wu R,Mateus A,Typas A,Savitski MM,Es

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arachidonic acid is metabolised either by cyclooxygenases to produce prostaglandins and thromboxanes or by lipoxygenases to produce mono-, di- and trihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) release HETEs, including mono- and dihydroxy fatty acids, when exposed to stimuli such as the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ford-Hutchinson AW,Bray MA,Doig MV,Shipley ME,Smith MJ

更新日期：1980-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:On the basis of fossil and archaeological data it has been hypothesized that the exodus of Homo sapiens out of Africa and into Eurasia between ~50-120 thousand years ago occurred in several orbitally paced migration episodes. Crossing vegetated pluvial corridors from northeastern Africa into the Arabian Peninsula and ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Timmermann A,Friedrich T

更新日期：2016-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The polarized architecture of epithelial cells depends on the highly stereotypic distribution of cellular junctions and other membrane-associated protein complexes. In epithelial cells of the Drosophila embryo, three distinct domains subdivide the lateral plasma membrane. The most apical one comprises the subapical co...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bachmann A,Schneider M,Theilenberg E,Grawe F,Knust E

更新日期：2001-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is caused by a defined genetic abnormality that generates BCR-ABL, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. It is widely believed that BCR-ABL activates Akt signalling that suppresses the forkhead O transcription factors (FOXO), supporting the proliferation or inhibiting the apoptosis o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Naka K,Hoshii T,Muraguchi T,Tadokoro Y,Ooshio T,Kondo Y,Nakao S,Motoyama N,Hirao A

更新日期：2010-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Early-life dietary transitions reflect fundamental aspects of primate evolution and are important determinants of health in contemporary human populations. Weaning is critical to developmental and reproductive rates; early weaning can have detrimental health effects but enables shorter inter-birth intervals, which inf...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Austin C,Smith TM,Bradman A,Hinde K,Joannes-Boyau R,Bishop D,Hare DJ,Doble P,Eskenazi B,Arora M

更新日期：2013-06-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant respiration results in an annual flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere that is six times as large as that due to the emissions from fossil fuel burning, so changes in either will impact future climate. As plant respiration responds positively to temperature, a warming world may result in additional resp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Reich PB,Sendall KM,Stefanski A,Wei X,Rich RL,Montgomery RA

更新日期：2016-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of intervening sequences (introns) in DNA led Gilbert and Tonegawa to suggest that a new protein could have been produced by bringing together certain segments of pre-existing ones. However, Blake argued that if DNA was so organized that coding sequences (exons) correspond to structural as well as functi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Go M

更新日期：1981-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The Gakkel ridge, which extends under the Arctic ice cap for approximately 1,800 km, is the slowest spreading ocean ridge on Earth. Its spreading created the Eurasian basin, which is isolated from the rest of the oceanic mantle by North America, Eurasia and the Lomonosov ridge. The Gakkel ridge thus provides unique op...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goldstein SL,Soffer G,Langmuir CH,Lehnert KA,Graham DW,Michael PJ

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to form integrated circuits on flexible sheets of plastic enables attributes (for example conformal and flexible formats and lightweight and shock resistant construction) in electronic devices that are difficult or impossible to achieve with technologies that use semiconductor wafers or glass plates as sub...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cao Q,Kim HS,Pimparkar N,Kulkarni JP,Wang C,Shim M,Roy K,Alam MA,Rogers JA

更新日期：2008-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The foundations of mammalian development lie in a cluster of embryonic epiblast stem cells. In response to extracellular matrix signalling, these cells undergo epithelialization and create an apical surface in contact with a cavity, a fundamental event for all subsequent development. Concomitantly, epiblast cells tran...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shahbazi MN,Scialdone A,Skorupska N,Weberling A,Recher G,Zhu M,Jedrusik A,Devito LG,Noli L,Macaulay IC,Buecker C,Khalaf Y,Ilic D,Voet T,Marioni JC,Zernicka-Goetz M

更新日期：2017-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The macronutrient phosphorus is thought to limit primary productivity in the oceans on geological timescales. Although there has been a sustained effort to reconstruct the dynamics of the phosphorus cycle over the past 3.5 billion years, it remains uncertain whether phosphorus limitation persisted throughout Earth's h...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Reinhard CT,Planavsky NJ,Gill BC,Ozaki K,Robbins LJ,Lyons TW,Fischer WW,Wang C,Cole DB,Konhauser KO

更新日期：2017-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The low concentration of atmospheric CO2 inferred to have been present during glacial periods is thought to have been partly caused by an increased supply of iron-bearing dust to the ocean surface. This is supported by a recent model that attributes half of the CO2 reduction during past glacial stages to iron-stimulat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Maher BA,Dennis PF

更新日期：2001-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been suspected of causing de novo copy number variation. To explore this issue, here we perform a whole-genome and transcriptome analysis of 20 human iPSC lines derived from the primary skin fibroblasts of seven individuals using next-generati...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Abyzov A,Mariani J,Palejev D,Zhang Y,Haney MS,Tomasini L,Ferrandino AF,Rosenberg Belmaker LA,Szekely A,Wilson M,Kocabas A,Calixto NE,Grigorenko EL,Huttner A,Chawarska K,Weissman S,Urban AE,Gerstein M,Vaccarino FM

更新日期：2012-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 persists in a stable latent reservoir, primarily in resting memory CD4(+) T cells. This reservoir presents a major barrier to the cure of HIV-1 infection. To purge the reservoir, pharmacological reactivation of latent HIV-1 has been proposed an...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Deng K,Pertea M,Rongvaux A,Wang L,Durand CM,Ghiaur G,Lai J,McHugh HL,Hao H,Zhang H,Margolick JB,Gurer C,Murphy AJ,Valenzuela DM,Yancopoulos GD,Deeks SG,Strowig T,Kumar P,Siliciano JD,Salzberg SL,Flavell RA,Shan

更新日期：2015-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription factors recognize specific genomic sequences to regulate complex gene-expression programs. Although it is well-established that transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences using a combination of base readout and shape recognition, some fundamental aspects of protein-DNA binding remain poorly und...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Afek A,Shi H,Rangadurai A,Sahay H,Senitzki A,Xhani S,Fang M,Salinas R,Mielko Z,Pufall MA,Poon GMK,Haran TE,Schumacher MA,Al-Hashimi HM,Gordân R

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00