Intrinsic B-cell hyporesponsiveness accounts for self-tolerance in lysozyme/anti-lysozyme double-transgenic mice.

abstract：:The importance of alternative splicing in regulating apoptosis has been suggested by findings of functionally antagonistic proteins generated by alternative splicing of several genes involved in apoptosis. Among these, Ich-1 (also named as caspase-2) encodes a member of the caspase family of proteases. Two forms of Ic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jiang ZH,Zhang WJ,Rao Y,Wu JY

更新日期：1998-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:B-1a cells, an anatomically, phenotypically, and functionally distinct subset of B cells that produce the bulk of natural serum IgM and much of gut-associated IgA, are an important component of the early response to pathogens. Because the induced expression of CD5, a hallmark of B-1a cells, requires a nuclear factor o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Berland R,Wortis HH

更新日期：2003-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase from Escherichia coli and mammalian cells provides the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates for DNA synthesis. The active enzyme contains a tyrosyl free radical whose formation requires oxygen. Earlier genetic evidence suggested that the enzyme is not required for anaerobic growth of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fontecave M,Eliasson R,Reichard P

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The levels of the neural axis from which parasympathetic and orthosympathetic neurons and adrenomedullary cells are derived under normal developmental conditions were determined in avian embryos by a biological labeling technique. The technique is based on nuclear differences between two species of birds, the chick an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Le Douarin NM,Renaud D,Teillet MA,Le Douarin GH

更新日期：1975-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 24-amino acid residue peptide has been isolated from the Fc region of a human IgG1 myeloma protein. The peptide has associated with it the same ability to induce murine B cells to polyclonally secrete antibody as does the intact Fc fragment. Amino acid composition of the peptide indicates that on a mole/mole basis t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morgan EL,Hugli TE,Weigle WO

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eosinophils have been associated with fibrosis. To investigate their direct role in fibrosis, human peripheral blood eosinophil sonicate was added to human lung or dermal fibroblasts, and proliferation ([(3)H]thymidine) and collagen synthesis ([(3)H]proline) were evaluated. Proliferation was enhanced significantly in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levi-Schaffer F,Garbuzenko E,Rubin A,Reich R,Pickholz D,Gillery P,Emonard H,Nagler A,Maquart FA

更新日期：1999-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The 24 nucleotides comprising the carbohydrate-recognition domain of Maackia amurensis hemagglutinin (MAH) cDNA were randomly mutated. The mutant lectins were expressed as glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and 16 clones were randomly chosen. Although all of 16 recombinant lectins reacted st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yim M,Ono T,Irimura T

更新日期：2001-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinetics of hepatic uptake and degradation of sphingomyelin/cholesterol (2:1, M/M) small unilamellar liposomes were investigated in a BALB/c mouse. The tissue distribution of liposomes was determined by scintillation spectrometry. The percentage of intact liposomes in tissues was estimated by the technique of gamm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hwang KJ,Luk KF,Beaumier PL

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report dynamic glycoprotein recognition of gels prepared by biomolecular imprinting using lectin and antibody molecules as ligands for tumor-specific marker glycoproteins. The glycoprotein-imprinted gels prepared with minute amounts of cross-linkers could dynamically recognize tumor-specific marker glycoproteins by...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miyata T,Jige M,Nakaminami T,Uragami T

更新日期：2006-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:A procedure is described for selection of temperature-sensitive mutants affecting fatty-acid synthesis based upon radiation suicide of wild-type organisms by tritiated acetate selectively incorporated into fatty acids. At 37 degrees , two of the mutants extensively incorporate fatty-acid supplements provided in the me...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harder ME,Beacham IR,Cronan JE Jr,Beacham K,Honegger JL,Silbert DF

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used in vitro motility assays to investigate the mechanism of kinetochore function in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Functional centromeric DNA plus a tripartite centromere binding protein complex, CBF3, was found to be necessary but not sufficient for in vitro kinetochore activity. A fourth requi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Middleton K,Carbon J

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular basis of short-day-induced growth cessation and dormancy in the meristems of perennial plants (e.g., forest trees growing in temperate and high-latitude regions) is poorly understood. Using global transcript profiling, we show distinct stage-specific alterations in auxin responsiveness of the transcripto...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baba K,Karlberg A,Schmidt J,Schrader J,Hvidsten TR,Bako L,Bhalerao RP

更新日期：2011-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations are a hallmark of cancer. Normal cells minimize spontaneous mutations through the combined actions of polymerase base selectivity, 3' --> 5' exonucleolytic proofreading, mismatch correction, and DNA damage repair. To determine the consequences of defective proofreading in mammals, we created mice with a poin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldsby RE,Hays LE,Chen X,Olmsted EA,Slayton WB,Spangrude GJ,Preston BD

更新日期：2002-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:A density-shift method is described for analyzing insulin receptor synthesis and turnover in cultured cells labeled with "heavy" amino acids (2H, 13C, and 15N). Solubilized newly synthesized heavy and old "light" receptors are separated by isopycnic banding on CsCl gradients and then quantitated. Insulin receptor synt...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reed BC,Lane MD

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription of a right-handed double-helical DNA requires a relative rotation of the RNA polymerase and its nascent RNA around the DNA. We describe conditions under which the resistance to the rotational motion of the transcription ensemble around the DNA can be large. In such cases, the advancing polymerase generat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu LF,Wang JC

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) production in cultured mononuclear cells from 36 seropositive homosexual males. Production was detected by using an HIV p24 antigen ELISA assay in blood mononuclear cells in 54% of asymptomatic, 71% of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex, and 100% of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McElrath MJ,Pruett JE,Cohn ZA

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most proteins are in equilibrium with partially and globally unfolded conformations. In contrast, kinetically stable proteins (KSPs) are trapped by an energy barrier in a specific state, unable to transiently sample other conformations. Among many potential roles, it appears that kinetic stability (KS) is a feature us...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xia K,Manning M,Hesham H,Lin Q,Bystroff C,Colón W

更新日期：2007-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Control over structural transformations in supramolecular entities by external stimuli is critical for the development of adaptable and functional soft materials. Herein, we have designed and synthesized a dipyridyl donor containing a central Z-configured stiff-stilbene unit that self-assembles in the presence of two ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan X,Xu JF,Cook TR,Huang F,Yang QZ,Tung CH,Stang PJ

更新日期：2014-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells contain numerous enzymes that use molecular oxygen for their reactions. Often, their active sites are buried deeply inside the protein, which raises the question whether there are specific access channels guiding oxygen to the site of catalysis. Choosing 12/15-lipoxygenase as a typical example for such oxygen-de...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saam J,Ivanov I,Walther M,Holzhütter HG,Kuhn H

更新日期：2007-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Seep sediments are dominated by intensive microbial sulfate reduction coupled to the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Through geochemical measurements of incubation experiments with methane seep sediments collected from Hydrate Ridge, we provide insight into the role of iron oxides in sulfate-driven AOM. Seep sed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sivan O,Antler G,Turchyn AV,Marlow JJ,Orphan VJ

更新日期：2014-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of the rise in atmospheric oxygen 2.3 billion years ago (Gya) and the subsequent changes in oceanic redox state over the last 2.3-1 Gya, trace metal bioavailability in marine environments has changed dramatically. Although theorized to have influenced the biological usage of metals leaving discernable genomic ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dupont CL,Yang S,Palenik B,Bourne PE

更新日期：2006-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant cutin monomers trigger, and glucose suppresses, the expression of the cutinase gene of pathogenic fungi. To identify the cutinase promoter region responsible for induction by the unique plant components, a promoter analysis was done with transformants. Plasmids were constructed that contained (i) the 5' flanking...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bajar A,Podila GK,Kolattukudy PE

更新日期：1991-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Rare nucleated fetal cells circulate within maternal blood. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis by isolation and genetic analysis of these cells is currently being undertaken. We sought to determine if genetic evidence existed for persistent circulation of fetal cells from prior pregnancies. Venous blood samples were obtai...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bianchi DW,Zickwolf GK,Weil GJ,Sylvester S,DeMaria MA

更新日期：1996-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Wild bees are highly valuable pollinators. Along with managed honey bees, they provide a critical ecosystem service by ensuring stable pollination to agriculture and wild plant communities. Increasing concern about the welfare of both wild and managed pollinators, however, has prompted recent calls for national evalua...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koh I,Lonsdorf EV,Williams NM,Brittain C,Isaacs R,Gibbs J,Ricketts TH

更新日期：2016-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of carbon dioxide as a renewable and environmentally friendly source of carbon in organic synthesis is a highly attractive approach, but its real world applications remain a great challenge. The major obstacles for commercialization of most current protocols are their low catalytic performances, harsh reaction...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu D,Zhang Y

更新日期：2010-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicological significance of exposures to synthetic chemicals is examined in the context of exposures to naturally occurring chemicals. We calculate that 99.99% (by weight) of the pesticides in the American diet are chemicals that plants produce to defend themselves. Only 52 natural pesticides have been tested in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ames BN,Profet M,Gold LS

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the central nervous system, glycogen-derived bioenergetic resources in astrocytes help promote tissue survival in response to focal neuronal stress. However, our understanding of the extent to which these resources are mobilized and utilized during neurodegeneration, especially in nearby regions that are not active...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cooper ML,Pasini S,Lambert WS,D'Alessandro KB,Yao V,Risner ML,Calkins DJ

更新日期：2020-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Following proteolytic conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, clot assembly commences with formation of double-stranded fibrils that subsequently branch extensively in forming a three-dimensional network. Plasmin digests of fibrin clots that had first been covalently crosslinked by plasma transglutaminase (factor XIIIa) c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mosesson MW,Siebenlist KR,Amrani DL,DiOrio JP

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The freezing tolerance of protoplasts isolated from nonacclimated rye leaves (Secale cereale L. cv Puma) was significantly altered by using a pH-induced protoplastliposome fusion technique to modify the lipid composition of the plasma membrane. The increase in freezing tolerance was elicited by fusion with liposomes c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Steponkus PL,Uemura M,Balsamo RA,Arvinte T,Lynch DV

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given the widely noted increase in the warming effects of rising greenhouse gas concentrations, it has been unclear why global surface temperatures did not rise between 1998 and 2008. We find that this hiatus in warming coincides with a period of little increase in the sum of anthropogenic and natural forcings. Declin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaufmann RK,Kauppi H,Mann ML,Stock JH

更新日期：2011-07-19 00:00:00