Abstract:
:Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha are thought to contribute to the inflammatory response associated with autoimmune diseases. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) counteracts many effects of these cytokines and has various immunosuppressive properties. In the present study, it is shown that microgram amounts of TGF-beta 1, injected daily for 1-2 weeks, protect against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (REAE), the animal models for rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, respectively. When administered during induction of the disease, TGF-beta 1 prevents CIA but only delays the onset of REAE by 2-3 days. However, when administered during a remission. TGF-beta 1 prevents the occurrence of relapses in REAE. The results suggest that TGF-beta 1 has powerful anti-inflammatory effects, mimicking in some respects the beneficial effects of immunosuppressive drugs in these experimental models of autoimmune disease, but without discernable adverse effects.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Kuruvilla AP,Shah R,Hochwald GM,Liggitt HD,Palladino MA,Thorbecke GJdoi
10.1073/pnas.88.7.2918subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-04-01 00:00:00pages
2918-21issue
7eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The Kell blood group is a major antigenic system in human erythrocytes. Kell antigens reside on a 93-kDa membrane glycoprotein that is surface-exposed and associated with the underlying cytoskeleton. We isolated tryptic peptides and, based on the amino acid sequence of one of the peptides and by using the PCR, prepare...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.14.6353
更新日期:1991-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Two 1,4-benzoquinone derivatives, found in the venom of the scorpion Diplocentrus melici following exposure to air, have been isolated, characterized, synthesized, and assessed for antimicrobial activities. Initially a white, viscous liquid, the extracted venom colors within minutes under ambient conditions. From this...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1812334116
更新日期:2019-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Although anatomy is often the first step in assigning functions to neural structures, it is not always clear whether architecturally distinct regions of the brain correspond to operational units. Whereas neuroarchitecture remains relatively static, functional connectivity may change almost instantaneously according to...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1514415112
更新日期:2015-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::Squalene and sterol carrier protein of liver plays a general role as a vehicle for cholesterol and its water-insoluble precursors; the carrier protein is essential for enzymic cholesterol synthesis. Liver microsomal enzymes contain a small amount of endogenous carrier protein, which is readily removed by washing or pu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.1.265
更新日期:1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary pathologies including adult respiratory distress syndrome are characterized by disruption of pulmonary integrity and edema compromising respiratory function. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator synthesized and/or stored in mast cells, platelets, and epithelial cells, with production up-regulate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1073/pnas.0501997102
更新日期:2005-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Our laboratory has previously developed cell lines derived from mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and C127 mammary tumor cells that stably express mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long terminal repeat fusion genes in bovine papillomavirus-based episomes. Glucocorticoid hormone strongly activates transcription from episomes an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.10.3977
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Somatic crossing-over was used in heterozygous Drosophila melanogaster to effect clonal homozygosity for three mutants (h, Hw, ac). In these mutants, one type of process, chaetae, replaces another type, trichomes, in specific patterns on the adult fly. Heterozygous individuals were irradiated at different larval or pu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.9.2222
更新日期:1971-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bt toxins derived from the arthropod bacterial pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis are widely used for insect control as insecticides or in transgenic crops. Bt resistance has been found in field populations of several lepidopteran pests and in laboratory strains selected with Bt toxin. Widespread planting of crops expres...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1120698109
更新日期:2012-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::A fundamental aspect of climate change is the potential shifts in flowering phenology and pollen initiation associated with milder winters and warmer seasonal air temperature. Earlier floral anthesis has been suggested, in turn, to have a role in human disease by increasing time of exposure to pollen that causes aller...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1014107108
更新日期:2011-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of fluctuations in rate constants on the kinetic behavior of cyclic reacting systems, caused by a fluctuating external parameter, is studied. It is shown (i) that the stochastic properties of the system can be analyzed analytically by using the usual master equation approach when the external parameter is f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.3.729
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Annual reproductive success and senescence patterns vary substantially among individuals in the wild. However, it is still seldom considered that senescence may not only affect an individual but also affect age-specific reproductive success in its offspring, generating transgenerational reproductive senescence. We use...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1908551117
更新日期:2020-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::The eIF2alpha kinases are a family of evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinases that regulate stress-induced translational arrest. Here, we demonstrate that the yeast eIF2alpha kinase, GCN2, the target phosphorylation site of Gcn2p, Ser-51 of eIF2alpha, and the eIF2alpha-regulated transcriptional transactivato...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.012485299
更新日期:2002-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::DNA barcoding systems employ a short, standardized gene region to identify species. A 648-bp segment of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) is the core barcode region for animals, but its utility has not been tested in fungi. This study began with an examination of patterns of sequence divergences in this gene ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611691104
更新日期:2007-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::C1q-like genes (C1ql1-C1ql4) encode small, secreted proteins that are expressed in differential patterns in the brain but whose receptors and functions remain unknown. BAI3 protein, in contrast, is a member of the cell-adhesion class of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed at high levels in the brain but who...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1019577108
更新日期:2011-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental in vivo tumor models are essential for comprehending the dynamic process of human cancer progression, identifying therapeutic targets, and evaluating antitumor drugs. However, current rodent models are limited by high costs, long experimental duration, variability, restricted accessibility to the tumor, a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0408622102
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have found a soluble cyclase, using for assay radioactively marked ATP as precursor. The reaction product was isolated by thin-layer chromatography and identified by specific degradation. After homogenization, part of the activity remained in the particulate fraction but could be easily extracted. The cyclase was c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.63.1.86
更新日期:1969-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obligate intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania specifically target host phagocytes for survival and replication. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ), a member of the class I PI3Ks that is highly expressed by leukocytes, controls cell migration by initiating actin polymerization and cytoskeletal reorganization, wh...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1110339109
更新日期:2012-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::MscS is a mechanosensitive channel that is ubiquitous among bacteria. Recent progress in the genome projects has revealed that homologs of MscS are also present in eukaryotes, but whether they operate as ion channels is unknown. In this study we cloned MSC1, a homolog of MscS in Chlamydomonas, and examined its functio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0609996104
更新日期:2007-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::To permit rapid optical control of brain activity, we have engineered multiple lines of transgenic mice that express the light-activated cation channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in subsets of neurons. Illumination of ChR2-positive neurons in brain slices produced photocurrents that generated action potentials within m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0700384104
更新日期:2007-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::An increase in free Ca2+ triggers exocytosis in pituitary nerve terminals leading to an increase in membrane area and membrane capacitance. When Ca2+ is increased by step depolarization, an instantaneous capacitance increase during the first 80 ms is followed by a slow increase extending over several seconds. We measu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.12.5267
更新日期:1994-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::The yeast flora found in the major substrates of Drosophila mojavensis and in larval guts was studied both qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative studies show that, in four of the five substrates tested, the larvae did not contain a random sample of the yeasts present in the substrates. One widely distributed ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.7.4435
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::When animals move, respiration increases to adapt for increased energy demands; the underlying mechanisms are still not understood. We investigated the neural substrates underlying the respiratory changes in relation to movement in lampreys. We showed that respiration increases following stimulation of the mesencephal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1113002109
更新日期:2012-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubules are polarized polymers that exhibit dynamic instability, with alternating phases of elongation and shortening, particularly at the more dynamic plus-end. Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) localize to and track with growing microtubule plus-ends in the cell. +TIPs regulate microtubule dynamics...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0807614106
更新日期:2009-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::E2F is a cellular transcription factor that binds to two sites in the adenovirus E2 promoter. Previous experiments have implicated E2F in the E1A-dependent transactivation of the E2 gene since levels of active E2F increase markedly during adenovirus infection in parallel with the increase in E2 transcription, and an E...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.10.3594
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA interference is an evolutionarily conserved process in which recognition of double-stranded RNA ultimately leads to posttranscriptional suppression of gene expression. This suppression is mediated by short (21- to 22-nt) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which induce degradation of mRNA based on complementary base ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.242594499
更新日期:2002-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::A mixture of two recombinant plasmids was microinjected into mouse thymidine kinase-negative fibroblasts (L cells). One plasmid contained the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type I and the other contained the human beta globin gene. Seven fibroblast colonies arising from injected cells incubated in hypox...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.9.5399
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A protein fraction from B. subtilis infected with phage SP01 (fraction LGG) stimulates the activity of RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6; nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase) core from uninfected bacteria. Fraction LGG contains a protein (P-28, molecular weight 28,000) that is labeled after phage infection and ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.6.2366
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sequence of the transforming region of simian sarcoma virus (SSV) has been determined by using molecularly cloned viral DNA. This region encompassed the 1.0-kilobase pair woolly monkey cell-derived insertion sequence, v-sis, and flanking simian sarcoma-associated viral (SSAV) sequences. A 675-nucleotide-long open ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.10.3179
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent human vector-borne viral disease. The force of infection (FoI), the rate at which susceptible individuals are infected in a population, is an important metric for infectious disease modeling. Understanding how and why the FoI of DENV changes over time is critical for developin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1809253115
更新日期:2018-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma resistance to glucocorticoid treatment is a major health problem with unclear etiology. Glucocorticoids inhibit adrenal androgen production. However, androgens have potential benefits in asthma. HSD3B1 encodes for 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (3β-HSD1), which catalyzes peripheral conversion from adrenal de...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1918819117
更新日期:2020-01-28 00:00:00