High-speed mapping of synaptic connectivity using photostimulation in Channelrhodopsin-2 transgenic mice.

abstract：:Macrophage responses to Francisella infection have been characterized previously by subdued proinflammatory responses; however, these studies have generally focused on macrophage cell lines or monocyte-derived macrophages. Therefore, we studied the ability of fresh human blood monocytes to engulf and respond to Franci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gavrilin MA,Bouakl IJ,Knatz NL,Duncan MD,Hall MW,Gunn JS,Wewers MD

更新日期：2006-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Ferredoxin was isolated from individual Leucaena glauca trees, and the distribution of amino acids at three of the four sites of sequence heterogeneity was determined. The results indicated that the most probable causes of the observed microheterogeneity are the presence of either nonallelic nuclear genes or differing...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Benson AM,Yasunobu KT

更新日期：1969-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From endonuclease EcoRI partial libraries of DNAs from mouse embryo and MOPC 141, a gamma 2b-producing myeloma, clones were isolated by using a DNA fragment carrying the gamma 2b constant (C) region gene as a hybridization probe. One clone from MOPC 141 contained a heavy chain variable (V) gene and the C gamma 2b gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maki R,Traunecker A,Sakano H,Roeder W,Tonegawa S

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression systems based on the Escherichia coli arabinose operon P(BAD) promoter exhibit the all-or-nothing (autocatalytic) induction of expression that was first documented in the lac operon. Under conditions of subsaturating levels of inducer, some of the cells of the population are fully induced, whereas other cel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morgan-Kiss RM,Wadler C,Cronan JE Jr

更新日期：2002-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study we compared the cellular concentrations and stability of the mRNA transcribed from the aprE (subtilisin) gene (a gene preferentially expressed in stationary growth phase) with those of a vegetative mRNA, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mRNA. The subtilisin transcript was shown to be at least 3 times more s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Resnekov O,Rutberg L,von Gabain A

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We compared private and social decision making to investigate the neural underpinnings of the effect of social comparison on risky choices. We measured brain activity using functional MRI while participants chose between two lotteries: in the private condition, they observed the outcome of the unchosen lottery, and in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bault N,Joffily M,Rustichini A,Coricelli G

更新日期：2011-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We identified cell surface markers associated with repression of p16(INK4a)/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(CDKN2A), a critical determinant in the acquisition of a plastic state. These cell surface markers allowed direct isolation of rare cells from healthy human breast tissue that exhibit extensive lineage plast...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roy S,Gascard P,Dumont N,Zhao J,Pan D,Petrie S,Margeta M,Tlsty TD

更新日期：2013-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA was encapsulated in large, unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (liposomes), and the encapsulated TMV RNA was shown to be infectious when incubated with tobacco protoplasts under appropriate conditions. Maximal virus production in protoplasts was observed after their incubation with TMV RNA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fraley RT,Dellaporta SL,Papahadjopoulos D

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leptin is a pivotal regulator of energy and glucose homeostasis, and defects in leptin signaling result in obesity and diabetes. The ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels couple glucose metabolism to insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. In this study, we provide evidence that leptin modulates pancreatic β-cell...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park SH,Ryu SY,Yu WJ,Han YE,Ji YS,Oh K,Sohn JW,Lim A,Jeon JP,Lee H,Lee KH,Lee SH,Berggren PO,Jeon JH,Ho WK

更新日期：2013-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-KII) regulates numerous physiological functions, including neuronal synaptic plasticity through the phosphorylation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate receptors. To identify proteins that may interact with and modulate CaM-KII fun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang BH,Mukherji S,Soderling TR

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular telomere length is linked to replicative life span. Telomere repeats are lost in peripheral blood cells in vivo by age, and women show less telomere attrition than men. Previous reports have indicated that telomere length and chromosome-specific telomere-length patterns partly are inherited. The mode of hered...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nordfjäll K,Larefalk A,Lindgren P,Holmberg D,Roos G

更新日期：2005-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The method of evolutionary stable strategies (ESS), in its current form, is confronted with a difficulty when it tries to explain how some social behaviors initiate their evolution. We show that this difficulty may be removed by changing the assumption made tacitly in game theory (and in ESS) of randomness of meetings...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eshel I,Cavalli-Sforza LL

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diminished Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling is associated with the most common forebrain defect in humans, holoprosencephaly (HPE), which includes cyclopia, a phenotype also seen in mice and other vertebrates with defective Shh signaling. The secreted protein Shh acts as a crucial factor that patterns the ventral forebr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roessler E,Du YZ,Mullor JL,Casas E,Allen WP,Gillessen-Kaesbach G,Roeder ER,Ming JE,Ruiz i Altaba A,Muenke M

更新日期：2003-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Depolarization of isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) has been shown to stimulate neurotransmitter release and to increase the phosphorylation state of a number of proteins, including synapsin I, in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Synapsin I, a prominent nerve terminal phosphoprotein, interacts with the cytoplasmic surfa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sihra TS,Wang JK,Gorelick FS,Greengard P

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The abelian sandpile is a cellular automaton which serves as the archetypical model to study self-organized criticality, a phenomenon occurring in various biological, physical, and social processes. Its recurrent configurations form an abelian group, whose identity is a fractal composed of self-similar patches. Here, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lang M,Shkolnikov M

更新日期：2019-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromosomes are compacted hundreds of times to fit in the cell, packaged into dynamic folds whose structures are largely unknown. Here, we examine patterns in gene locations to infer large-scale features of bacterial chromosomes. Specifically, we analyzed >100 genomes and identified thousands of gene pairs that displa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wright MA,Kharchenko P,Church GM,Segrè D

更新日期：2007-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Nearly 500 alkaloids have been detected in skin extracts from frogs of the family Dendrobatidae. All seem to have been sequestered unchanged into skin glands from alkaloid-containing arthropods. Ants, beetles, and millipedes seem to be the source of decahydroquinolines, certain izidines, coccinellines, and spiropyrrol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Daly JW,Kaneko T,Wilham J,Garraffo HM,Spande TF,Espinosa A,Donnelly MA

更新日期：2002-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The homogeneous exchange process whereby IgG molecules adsorbed onto latex particles are replaced by IgG molecules from the bulk solution was studied by means of 125I radiolabeling. The exchange mechanism was investigated on surfaces saturated with either labeled or unlabeled proteins in the presence of a solution of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ball V,Huetz P,Elaissari A,Cazenave JP,Voegel JC,Schaaf P

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Blue mold of tobacco is caused by the fungus Peronospora tabacina. Its spores are released in the morning when the relative humidity falls, but they require free water for germination. Traditionally, the walls of the shade tents are raised to control the pathogen by drying leaves. We show that raising the walls does n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aylor DE,Taylor GS

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pbx-regulating protein-1 (Prep1) is a tumor suppressor, whereas myeloid ecotropic viral integration site-1 (Meis1) is an oncogene. We show that, to perform these activities in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, both proteins competitively heterodimerize with pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox-1 (Pbx1). Meis1 alone transforms Prep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dardaei L,Longobardi E,Blasi F

更新日期：2014-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The population genetic consequences of nearest-neighbor pollination in an outcrossing plant species were investigated through computer simulations. The genetic system consisted of two alleles at a single locus in a self-incompatible plant that mates by random pollen transfer from a neighboring individual. Beginning wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turner ME,Stephens JC,Anderson WW

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Control of the establishment of cell polarity is an essential function in tissue morphogenesis and renewal that depends on spatial cues provided by the extracellular environment. The molecular role of cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contacts on the establishment of cell polarity has been well characterize...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Théry M,Racine V,Piel M,Pépin A,Dimitrov A,Chen Y,Sibarita JB,Bornens M

更新日期：2006-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:We have cloned a murine cDNA encoding a tyrosine kinase receptor with about 90% similarity to the chicken fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor and the human fms-like gene (FLG) tyrosine kinase. This mouse receptor lacks 88 amino acids in the extracellular portion, leaving only two immunoglobulin-like domains compar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mansukhani A,Moscatelli D,Talarico D,Levytska V,Basilico C

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ecosystem services are supplied by nature but, by definition, are received by people. Ecosystem service assessments, intended to influence the decisions people make regarding their interactions with nature, need to understand how people benefit from different ecosystem services. A critical question is therefore, What ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hicks CC,Cinner JE

更新日期：2014-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Gaseous molecular ions containing argon and perchlorethylene, Ar(n)(C(2)Cl(4))(m) (+) in which n >/= 1-29 and m >/= 1-4, are produced by electron bombardment of van der Waals clusters formed by expanding an Ar/C(2)Cl(4) mixture through a supersonic nozzle. Previous attempts to observe such ions in a high-pressure mass...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Buelow SJ,Worsnop DR,Herschbach DR

更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence based on a study of alanine-resistant (Alar), constitutive mutants of CHO-K1 cells and the conditions that favor stimulation of the A system of amino acid activity supports the model that the A system of amino acid transport in these cells is repressible and under negative control of regulatory gene R1. In th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moffett J,Périer F,Jones M,Englesberg E

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reports the results of a randomized field experiment involving registered voters in the city of New Haven. Nonpartisan get-out-the-vote messages were delivered through personal canvassing shortly before the November 1998 election. We find that personal canvassing increased voter turnout by approximately 6. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gerber AS,Green DP

更新日期：1999-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Reproducible quantification of large biological cohorts is critical for clinical/pharmaceutical proteomics yet remains challenging because most prevalent methods suffer from drastically declined commonly quantified proteins and substantially deteriorated quantitative quality as cohort size expands. MS2-based data-inde...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shen X,Shen S,Li J,Hu Q,Nie L,Tu C,Wang X,Poulsen DJ,Orsburn BC,Wang J,Qu J

更新日期：2018-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular recognition by proteins is fundamental to molecular biology. Dissection of the thermodynamic energy terms governing protein-ligand interactions has proven difficult, with determination of entropic contributions being particularly elusive. NMR relaxation measurements have suggested that changes in protein con...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caro JA,Harpole KW,Kasinath V,Lim J,Granja J,Valentine KG,Sharp KA,Wand AJ

更新日期：2017-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein synthesis has an overall error rate of approximately 10(-4) for each mRNA codon translated. The fidelity of translation is mainly determined by two events: synthesis of cognate amino acid:tRNA pairs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) and accurate selection of aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) by the ribosome. To e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reynolds NM,Ling J,Roy H,Banerjee R,Repasky SE,Hamel P,Ibba M

更新日期：2010-03-02 00:00:00