Abstract:
:The observation of the superfluid to Mott insulator phase transition of ultracold atoms in optical lattices was an enabling discovery in experimental many-body physics, providing the first tangible example of a quantum phase transition (one that occurs even at zero temperature) in an ultracold atomic gas. For a trapped gas, the spatially varying local chemical potential gives rise to multiple quantum phases within a single sample, complicating the interpretation of bulk measurements. Here we report spatially resolved, in-situ imaging of a two-dimensional ultracold atomic gas as it crosses the superfluid to Mott insulator transition, providing direct access to individual characteristics of the insulating, superfluid and normal phases. We present results for the local compressibility in all phases, observing a strong suppression in the insulator domain and suppressed density fluctuations for the Mott insulator, in accordance with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Furthermore, we obtain a direct measure of the finite temperature of the system. Taken together, these methods enable a complete characterization of multiple phases in a strongly correlated Bose gas, and of the interplay between quantum and thermal fluctuations in the quantum critical regime.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Gemelke N,Zhang X,Hung CL,Chin Cdoi
10.1038/nature08244subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-08-20 00:00:00pages
995-8issue
7258eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature08244journal_volume
460pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::The Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of the systemic invasive infectious disease classically referred to as plague, and has been responsible for three human pandemics: the Justinian plague (sixth to eighth centuries), the Black Death (fourteenth to nineteenth centuries) and modern plague ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35097083
更新日期:2001-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::The National Institutes of Health's Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) has approved a commercial proposal by Advanced Genetic Sciences Inc. to field-test recombinant ice-nucleating bacteria. Its decision came two weeks after a federal judge halted a similar trial by researchers from the University of California...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/309483a0
更新日期:1984-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::The reciprocal chromosome translocation, t(8;14), involving the heavy chain locus on chromosome 14 and the c-myc oncogene on chromosome 8 is a characteristic of the B-cell malignancies Burkitt's lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We have cloned and sequenced the t(8; 14) breakpoints of an African Burkit...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/324158a0
更新日期:1986-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::Prions are believed to be infectious, self-propagating polymers of otherwise soluble, host-encoded proteins. This concept is now strongly supported by the recent findings that amyloid fibrils of recombinant prion proteins from yeast, Podospora anserina and mammals can induce prion phenotypes in the corresponding hosts...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03793
更新日期:2005-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::Octopamine is highly concentrated in neurones of several invertebrate species. Unlike in mammals, octopaminergic neurones in invertebrates are spatially separated from catecholaminergic neurons. In identified nerve cells of Aplysia, however, this amine coexists with other putative neurotransmitters. Octopamine is synt...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/265501a0
更新日期:1977-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::In Fig. 3d this Letter, the R2 value should have been '0.19' instead of '0.66'; this has been corrected online. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0893-0
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The US Congress is well-known for tucking special provisions for favoured projects into budget bills. David Goldston explains why 'earmarks' for research and development have risen so dramatically in recent years. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/447628a
更新日期:2007-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::The 26S proteasome is the chief site of regulatory protein turnover in eukaryotic cells. It comprises one 20S catalytic complex (composed of four stacked rings of seven members) and two axially positioned 19S regulatory complexes (each containing about 18 subunits) that control substrate access to the catalytic chambe...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/416763a
更新日期:2002-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::Dense plexuses of neurones containing immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have been found in discrete areas of the central nervous system and in peripheral organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and urogenital system. In many of these locations VIP is concentrated in nerve endings, where...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/281574a0
更新日期:1979-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::Major ice sheets were permanently established on Antarctica approximately 34 million years ago, close to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, at the same time as a permanent deepening of the calcite compensation depth in the world's oceans. Until recently, it was thought that Northern Hemisphere glaciation began much later,...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06053
更新日期:2007-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::The modern giant sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus, one of the largest known predators, preys upon cephalopods at great depths. Lacking a functional upper dentition, it relies on suction for catching its prey; in contrast, several smaller Miocene sperm whales (Physeteroidea) have been interpreted as raptorial (versus...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09067
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In lung diseases such as asthma, expiratory flow becomes limited, airways can collapse and the vital exchange of gases is compromised. Here we model the inflation of collapsed regions of the lung during inspiration in terms of avalanches propagating through a bifurcating network of airways, and find that the accompany...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/417809b
更新日期:2002-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::A fundamental tenet of classical mendelian genetics is that allelic information is stably inherited from one generation to the next, resulting in predictable segregation patterns of differing alleles. Although several exceptions to this principle are known, all represent specialized cases that are mechanistically rest...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03380
更新日期:2005-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::Therizinosauroids are an enigmatic group of dinosaurs known mostly from the Cretaceous period of Asia, whose derived members are characterized by elongate necks, laterally expanded pelves, small, leaf-shaped teeth, edentulous rostra and mandibular symphyses that probably bore keratinized beaks. Although more than a do...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03468
更新日期:2005-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in the visual cortex typically respond selectively to the orientation, and velocity and direction of movement, of moving-bar stimuli. These responses are generally thought to provide information about the orientation and position of lines and edges in the visual field. Some cells are also endstopped, that is s...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/329438a0
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The variable (V) regions of heavy and light immunoglobulin chains are encoded by multiple germline DNA elements which are assembled into complete variable-region genes in precursor(pre-) B lymphocytes. The heavy-chain V region (VH) is assembled from three separate germline DNA elements, the variable (VH), diversity (D...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/317353a0
更新日期:1985-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::Cell adhesions to the extracellular matrix (ECM) are necessary for morphogenesis, immunity and wound healing. Focal adhesions are multifunctional organelles that mediate cell-ECM adhesion, force transmission, cytoskeletal regulation and signalling. Focal adhesions consist of a complex network of trans-plasma-membrane ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09621
更新日期:2010-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Although phytoalexins have long been inferred to be important in the defence of plants against fungal infection, there are few reports showing that they provide resistance to infection. Several plants, including grapevine, synthesize the stilbene-type phytoalexin resveratrol when attacked by pathogens. Stilbenes with ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/361153a0
更新日期:1993-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Arising from C. J. Phiel, C. A. Wilson, V. M.-Y. Lee & P. S. Klein 423, 435-439 (2003)A major unresolved issue in Alzheimer's disease is identifying the mechanisms that regulate proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) isozymes are thought to be important in this re...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10615
更新日期:2011-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Living cells regulate the activity of their ion channels through a process known as gating. To open the pore, protein conformational changes must occur within a channel's membrane-spanning ion pathway. KcsA and MthK, closed and opened K(+) channels, respectively, reveal how such gating transitions occur. Pore-lining '...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/417523a
更新日期:2002-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::Microbialites are organosedimentary structures that can be constructed by a variety of metabolically distinct taxa. Consequently, microbialite structures abound in the fossil record, although the exact nature of the biogeochemical processes that produced them is often unknown. One such class of ancient calcareous stru...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35036579
更新日期:2000-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of a visual pigment molecule to initiate phototransduction requires a minimum energy, Ea, that need not be wholly derived from a photon, but may be supplemented by heat. Theory predicts that absorbance at very long wavelengths declines with the fraction of molecules that have a sufficient complement of ther...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35003242
更新日期:2000-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is responsible for transcribing all messenger RNAs in eukaryotic cells during a highly regulated process that is conserved from yeast to human, and that serves as a central control point for cellular function. Here we investigate the transcription dynamics of single RNAP II molecules from S...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05701
更新日期:2007-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer-associated systemic inflammation is strongly linked to poor disease outcome in patients with cancer1,2. For most human epithelial tumour types, high systemic neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios are associated with poor overall survival3, and experimental studies have demonstrated a causal relationship between neutr...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1450-6
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many-body systems in nature exhibit complexity and self-organization arising from seemingly simple laws. For example, the long-range Coulomb interaction between electrical charges has a simple form, yet is responsible for a plethora of bound states in matter, ranging from the hydrogen atom to complex biochemical struc...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01676
更新日期:2003-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial cell division ends with septation, the constriction of the cell wall and cell membranes that leads to the formation of two daughter cells. During septation, FtsZ, a protein of relative molecular mass 40,000 which is ubiquitous in eubacteria and is also found in archaea and chloroplasts, localizes early at th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/34472
更新日期:1998-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep is one of the few major whole-organ phenomena for which no function and no underlying mechanism have been conclusively demonstrated. Sleep could result from global changes in the brain during wakefulness or it could be regulated by specific loci that recruit the rest of the brain into the electrical and metaboli...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04811
更新日期:2006-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::Templates are widely used to arrange molecular components so they can be covalently linked into complex molecules that are not readily accessible by classical synthetic methods. Nature uses sophisticated templates such as the ribosome, whereas chemists use simple ions or small molecules. But as we tackle the synthesis...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09683
更新日期:2011-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Current ideas about the dependence of neurons on target-derived growth factors were formulated on the basis of experiments involving neurons with projections to the periphery. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and recently identified members of the NGF family of neuronal growth factors, known as neurotrophins, are thought to ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/360753a0
更新日期:1992-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Electric-field-induced charge separation (polarization) is the most fundamental manifestation of the interaction of light with matter and a phenomenon of great technological relevance. Nonlinear optical polarization produces coherent radiation in spectral ranges inaccessible by lasers and constitutes the key to ultima...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature17650
更新日期:2016-06-02 00:00:00