Abstract:
:Streptococcus mutans produces several enzymes which metabolize sucrose. Three glucosyltransferase genes (gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD) and a single fructosyltransferase gene (ftf) encode enzymes which are important in formation of exopolysaccharides. Mutants of S. mutans V403 carrying single and multiple mutations of the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, and ftf genes recently have been constructed by allelic exchange in our laboratory. Using selected strains from this panel of mutants, we examined the importance of water-insoluble glucan, water-soluble glucan, and fructan production in cariogenicity while controlling for the effects of strain and species variability. Genetic and biochemical characterization of mutants and assays of glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase activities were performed to ensure that the phenotypes of strains coincided with deficiencies predicted by genotype. The young gnotobiotic rat model of cariogenicity was used to assess virulence of the wild-type strain and isogenic mutants. Mutant strains were less virulent than the wild type in almost every location examined for caries on tooth surfaces and level of involvement of lesions (depth and severity). Inactivation of either gtfB and gtfC or ftf dramatically reduced virulence; the subsequent inactivation of gtfD did not enhance the effect of reduced virulence.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Munro C,Michalek SM,Macrina FLdoi
10.1128/IAI.59.7.2316-2323.1991subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-07-01 00:00:00pages
2316-23issue
7eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that the Moraxella catarrhalis surface antigen UspA1 is an adhesin for Chang human conjunctival cells. The present report demonstrates that lack of UspA1 expression does not affect the adherence of strain O35E to A549 human lung cells or primary cultures of human middle ear epithelia...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.9.4977-4984.2003
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) is a leading malaria vaccine candidate whose function has not been unequivocally defined. Partial complementation of function can be achieved by exchanging the AMA1 of P. falciparum (PfAMA1) with that of P. chabaudi (PcAMA1). In this study, parasites expressing ch...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.4.2444-2451.2005
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adherence to fibrinogen and fibronectin plays a crucial role in Staphylococcus aureus experimental endocarditis. Previous genetic studies have shown that infection and carriage isolates do not systematically differ in their virulence-related genes, including genes conferring adherence, such as clfA and fnbA. We set ou...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01274-09
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of pathologically relevant concentrations (0.38 to 12.5 microM) of the proinflammatory, Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived pigment 1-hydroxyphenazine (1-hp) on Ca2+ metabolism and intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) in N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP; 1 microM)-activated human neutrophils, as w...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.67.10.5157-5162.1999
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protection against colibacillosis in neonatal piglets was obtained by immunization of pregnant dams with procholeragenoid. Procholeragenoid is a stable high-molecular-weight aggregate of cholera toxin formed during the heating of cholera toxin. Procholeragenoid retained approximately 1% of the toxicity of native toxin...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.35.3.887-894.1982
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yersinia enterocolitica is a human pathogen that is ubiquitous in livestock, especially pigs. The bacteria are able to colonize the intestinal tract of a variety of mammalian hosts, but the severity of induced gut-associated diseases (yersiniosis) differs significantly between hosts. To gain more information about the...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00572-13
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of infection and the pathogenic effects on the reproductive function of laboratory mice infected with Bartonella birtlesii recovered from an Apodemus species are described. B. birtlesii infection, as determined by bacteremia, occurred in BALB/c mice inoculated intravenously. Inoculation with a low-dose in...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.69.9.5313-5317.2001
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated three genes, ARG57, SER57, and LYS1, on the basis of their function in Candida albicans. A C. albicans transformation vector containing the C. albicans URA3 gene, a Candida ARS sequence, and a portion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 microns circle containing the replication origin was constructed. C...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.3.876-884.1992
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains have been associated with sporadic cases and outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and with the hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Since adherence of enteric pathogens to epithelial surfaces is often a prerequisite for the subsequent delivery of bacterial enterotox...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.4.756-761.1988
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The actions of polymyxin B, rabbit polymorphonuclear lysosome extracts, 14 polycationic peptides (including defensin NP-2, cecropin P1, lactoferricin B, and active peptides from cationic protein 18 and bactenecin), EDTA, and Tris on Brucella spp. were studied, with other gram-negative bacteria as controls. Brucella sp...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.8.3054-3061.1995
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunochemical analyses of soluble antigens derived from microaerophilous stationary phase cultures of Babesia bovis demonstrated that at least three parasite antigens were released in vitro. These antigens have molecular weights within the range of 37,000 to 40,000, fast electrophoretic mobility in the albumin and al...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.31.1.358-361.1981
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among a number of laboratory strains of Listeria monocytogenes used in experimental infection, strain LO28 is highly capable of inducing robust beta interferon (IFN-β) production in infected macrophages. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the IFN-β-inducing ability of LO28 by comparing it with t...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.06162-11
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Representative isolates of nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied to investigate the hypothesis that mucinophilic and chemotactic properties in this species act as potential factors in the initial stages of pulmonary colonization in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Transmission electron microscopy with a sur...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.58.6.1489-1495.1990
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The compositions of lipopolysaccharides I and II, isolated from Coxiella burnetii phase I and pure phase II cells, respectively, showed drastic and clear-cut differences. Lipopolysaccharide II exhibited a comparatively simple composition. It contained, in addition to glucosamine (from lipid A) and a 2-keto-3-deoxyoctu...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.38.1.53-57.1982
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause extraintestinal disease in avian species via respiratory tract infection. Virulence factors associated with APEC include type 1 and P fimbriae, curli, aerobactin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), K1 capsular antigen, temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (Tsh), and an uncharacteri...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.1.494-503.2003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii critically relies on host cell invasion during infection. Proteins secreted from the apical micronemes are central components for host cell recognition, invasion, egress, and virulence. Although previous work established that the sporozoite protein with an altered ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01877-14
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A protein factor which induces high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in resting splenic nonadherent cells was isolated from the sera of mice with generalized inflammation caused by endotoxic shock. The factor was highly purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by ion-exchange column chromatography on ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.1.64-70.1993
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Filarial infection is initiated by mosquito-derived third-stage larvae (L3) deposited on the skin that transit through the epidermis, which contains Langerhans cells (LC) and keratinocytes (KC), among other cells. This earliest interaction between L3 and the LC likely conditions the priming of the immune system to the...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01301-12
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed an improved scheme for the classification of environmental and clinical isolates of Histoplasma capsulatum that is based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Strains were initially divided into mtDNA groups according to restriction digests of whole-cell DNA and Southern ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.5.1409-1412.1989
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::EspC is an autotransporter protein secreted by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). The pathogenic role of EspC in EPEC infection is unknown. We have shown that the purified EspC produces enterotoxicity and cytotoxicity; for the latter effect, EspC must be internalized. However, the internalization mechanism is u...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.74.4.2293-2303.2006
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cells are important in systemic anticryptococcal defenses, but a role in controlling an initial pulmonary infection has not been demonstrated. A murine model with intratracheal inoculation was developed to study the acquisition and expression of pulmonary T cell-mediated immunity against Cryptococcus neoformans. Inf...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.59.4.1423-1433.1991
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A murine immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibody (MAb) raised against outer membrane vesicles of Moraxella catarrhalis 035E was shown to bind to a surface-exposed epitope of a major outer membrane protein of this organism. This outer membrane protein, which had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 80,000 in sodi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.5.2003-2010.1993
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbi-group) recovered from stools of infants with acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis was administered per os to germfree and conventional piglets. Virus was found subsequently in stools and in the mucosal epithelial cells of the small intestine of these animals. Some animals developed ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.12.6.1276-1280.1975
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alveolar macrophages are the effector cells largely responsible for clearance of Pneumocystis carinii from the lungs. Binding of organisms to beta-glucan and mannose receptors has been shown to stimulate phagocytosis of the organisms. To further define the mechanisms used by alveolar macrophages for clearance of P. ca...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00393-07
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral treponemes are considered to be important in the development and progression of periodontal diseases. We investigated the mechanisms of recognition and activation of human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) with the oral treponemes Treponema denticola, Treponema vincentii, and Treponema medium and their outer membr...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.2.717-725.2003
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repeated immunizations of CF1 mice with irradiated noninfectious Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes resulted in partial protection against infection with live parasites. It also induced a limited number of antibody species that were reactive in Western blots with trypomastigote but not with epimastigote or amastigote p...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.46.3.826-830.1984
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribosomes of strain NOR-7 of group B Neisseria meningitidis were isolated by a procedure that included treatment of the cells with sodium dodecyl sulfate, disruption in a French pressure cell, and differential centrifugation. These preparations consisted of 66% ribonucleic acid and 24% protein and sedimented as a sing...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.6.3.355-363.1972
更新日期:1972-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Campylobacter jejuni is a microaerobic bacterium that produces an acute, self-limiting, watery or bloody diarrhea in humans. Little is known about how C. jejuni causes disease or even what specific capabilities it requires for survival in vivo. The enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the breakdown of s...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.7.2687-2694.1994
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Woodchuck sera were tested for antigens and antibodies with tests which detect human hepatitis virus antigens and antibodies. Data on 264 woodchuck sera are presented. ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.35.2.752-757.1982
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purified cell walls representing a wide variety in teichoic acid and peptidoglycan structure prepared from eight different gram-positive bacterial species induced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 from human monocytes in the presence of 10% plasma or serum. Significant amounts...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.7.2715-2721.1994
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00