Abstract:
:The skin is an attractive target for vaccine delivery. Adjuvants and antigens delivered into the skin can result in potent immune responses and an unmatched safety profile. The heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) from Escherichia coli, which acts both as antigen and adjuvant, has been shown to be delivered to human skin efficiently when used in a patch, resulting in strong immune responses. Iomai scientists have capitalized on these observations to develop late-stage products based on LT. This has encouraged commercial-level product development of a delivery system that is efficient, user-friendly and designed to address important medical needs. Over the past 2 years, extensive clinical testing and optimization has allowed the patch to evolve to a late-stage product. As a strategy for approval of a revolutionary vaccine-delivery system, the singular focus on optimization of LT delivery has enabled technical progress to extend patch-vaccine product development beyond LT. The field efficacy of the LT-based travelers' diarrhea vaccine has validated this approach. The discussion of transcutaneous immunization is unique, in that any consideration of the adjuvant must also include delivery, and the significant advances in a commercial patch application system are described. In this review, we integrate these concepts, update the clinical data and look to the future.
journal_name
Expert Rev Vaccinesjournal_title
Expert review of vaccinesauthors
Glenn GM,Flyer DC,Ellingsworth LR,Frech SA,Frerichs DM,Seid RC,Yu Jdoi
10.1586/14760584.6.5.809subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-10-01 00:00:00pages
809-19issue
5eissn
1476-0584issn
1744-8395journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections are a significant global cause of morbidity and mortality. GAS diseases disproportionally affect those living in conditions characterized by poverty and social injustice, in both developing countries and in marginalized populations of industrialized nations. In Australia and New ...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
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doi:10.1586/14760584.2016.1116946
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
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更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.7.9.1367
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hepatitis A, caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), is primarily transmitted via the fecal/oral route either through ingestion of contaminated food and water or through direct contact with an infectious person. Prevalence of hepatitis A is strongly correlated with socioeconomic factors, decreasing with increas...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14760584.2019.1580578
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.3.4.339
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.5.4.495
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2016.1124762
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14760584.2017.1329012
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14760584.2017.1362339
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.11.117
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/erv.11.193
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.1068125
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.1059759
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2014.924404
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.11.176
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.7.5.547
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1586/14760584.2014.944165
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14760584.2018.1417044
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2016.1156539
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.8.2.205
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2.2.305
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14760584.7.6.833
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Second Conference on Controversies in Vaccination in Adults, leading vaccine experts among manufacturers, physicians, microbiologists, virologists, immunologists and public health specialists came together to discuss recent approaches, developments and strategies in vaccination against worldwide pressing epidem...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
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doi:10.1586/erv.13.44
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.11.195
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00