Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To illustrate the ultrastructural fibre composition of the rat cavernosal nerve at serial levels, from its origin in the main pelvic ganglion to its termination in the corpus cavernosum of the distal penile shaft, and to develop a technique that permits repeated electrophysiological recording from the fibres that form the cavernosal nerve distinct from the axons of the dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP). MATERIALS AND METHODS:For the light microscope and ultrastructural studies, Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetized and the pelvic organs and lower limbs were perfused with glutaraldehyde through the distal aorta. Tissue samples were embedded in epoxy resin and prepared for light and electron microscopy. Frozen tissue was used for the immunohistochemical studies and sections were stained with rabbit anti-nitric oxide synthetase 1 (NOS1). For the electrophysiology, anaesthetized rats were used in sterile conditions. Nerve conduction velocity for the cavernosal nerve was assessed from a point 2 mm below the main (major) pelvic ganglion after stimulating the nerve at the crus penis; multi-unit averaging techniques were used to enhance the recording of slow-conduction activity. Recordings from the DNP were obtained over the proximal shaft after stimulation at the base of the penis. RESULTS:Step-serial sections of the cavernosal nerve revealed numerous ganglion cells in the initial segments and gradually fewer myelinated fibres at distal levels. At the point of crural entry, the nerve contained almost exclusively unmyelinated axons. As it descended the penile shaft, the nerve separated into small fascicles containing only one to four axons at the level of the distal shaft. In the corpus cavernosum, vesicle-filled presynaptic axon preterminals were close to smooth muscle fibres, but did not seem to be in direct contact. Immunohistochemical evaluation of NOS1 activity showed intense staining of the fibres of the DNP and most of the neurones in the main pelvic ganglion. There was also scattered NOS1 activity in the nerve bundles of the corpus cavernosum. Electrophysiology identified activity in C fibres on the cavernosal nerve and in Aalpha-Adelta fibres in the DNP. CONCLUSION:These results show that it is possible to perform integrated cavernosal pressure monitoring and ultrastructural and electrophysiological studies in this model. These yielded accurate data about the erectile status of the penis, and the state of unmyelinated and myelinated fibres in the DNP and cavernosal nerves of the same animal. This study provides a useful template for future studies of experimental diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
journal_name
BJU Intjournal_title
BJU internationalauthors
Schaumburg HH,Zotova E,Cannella B,Raine CS,Arezzo J,Tar M,Melman Adoi
10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06726.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-04-01 00:00:00pages
916-24issue
4eissn
1464-4096issn
1464-410Xpii
BJU6726journal_volume
99pub_type
杂志文章abstract:UNLABELLED:Study Type--Therapy (practise pattern survey) Level of Evidence 3b. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Congenital penile deviation has become a relatively frequent finding due to a greater awareness of the problem among patients and physicians. Since the first surgical correction for c...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11350.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the effect of patient age on the stone-free rate (SFR) in patients with urinary calculi treated by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). PATIENTS AND METHODS:In all, 2192 solitary radio-opaque urinary stones of 5-15 mm were identified in adult patients receiving primary ESWL. Patients ...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06909.x
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an alternative treatment option for localized prostate cancer (PCa), which is applied for over 15 years. There are conflicting recommendations for HIFU among urological societies, which can be explained by ...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11715.x
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe metastasis-free survival (MFS) in men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence following radical prostatectomy, and to define clinical prognostic factors modifying metastatic risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We conducted a retrospective analysis of 450 men treated with prostatectomy at a tertiar...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10422.x
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of chronic and debilitating symptoms of the overactive bladder, defined here as the presence of chronic frequency, urgency and urge incontinence (either alone or in any combination), and presumed to be caused by involuntary detrusor contractions. Subjects and methods Data were coll...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02228.x
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate changes in bone mass and fracture risk in patients with prostate cancer on androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and with a basal T-score of >-2.0, who were treated with an oral bisphosphonate, as such patients treated with ADT are at increased risk of bone loss and bone fracture. PATIENTS AND METHO...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08622.x
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the detection of significant prostate cancer (PCa) and to compare transperineal MRI/ultrasonography fusion biopsy (fusPbx) with conventional transrectal systematic biopsy (sysPbx) in biopsy-naïve patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Th...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/bju.14017
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the feasibility and reproducibility of laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) as a minimally invasive method for the treatment of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Heterotopic tumours of prostatic adenocarcinoma (Dunning R3327-AT2) were induced in 10 male Copenhagen rats. After preoperative ...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10406.x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the relationship of preoperatively measured cardiorespiratory function, to the development of postoperative complications and length of hospital stay (LOS) in a cohort of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC), as RC and conduit formation is curative but is associated with significant postop...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bju.12219
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To measure dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), expression in prostate cancer and determine whether 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent inhibitor of DPD, enhances the antitumoral activity of 5-FU against prostate cancer. PATIENTS, M...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06606.x
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:• To study the operability and effectiveness of a biodegradable ureteral stent for clinical treatment of ureteral war injury using a canine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS:• A device was designed and employed to generate firearm fragment wounds in unilateral ureters (on randomly chosen sides) of nine beagles (G...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09992.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the results of retroperitoneal laparoscopic with open partial nephroureterectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Laparoscopic retroperitoneal partial nephroureterectomy was undertaken in 15 children (13 upper and two lower poles; median age at the time of surgery 61 months, range 5-212). A three-trocar ret...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04126.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of positive surgical margins (PSMs) on long-term outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP), including metastasis, castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). PATIENTS AND METHODS:Retrospective study of 4,051 men in the Shared Equal Access Reg...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bju.13181
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To report a contemporary series of patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP, an inflammatory condition of the kidney that has traditionally been treated with open nephrectomy, ON), managed with either ON or laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN), as early reports suggest that the benefits of LN do not ext...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08547.x
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine patient satisfaction and experience after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer, using a convergent mixed-method qualitative analysis approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS:412 patients who underwent RARP between January 2014 and June 2016 were mailed questionnaires and invited...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bju.14226
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice daily with pivampicillin 700 mg orally twice daily for 10 days in men with acute epididymitis and over 40 years of age. PATIENTS AND METHODS:The study comprised 172 men who entered a prospective, controlled, randomized, double-blind, tri...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00252.x
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify, in a retrospective study, possible molecular markers predictive of radioresponsiveness in patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Patients with T2-T4a TCC treated with preoperative radiotherapy and cystectomy were included in the study if their cystec...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02268.x
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine if a decrease in oestrogen (E) levels increases activity in bladder afferent nerves, by investigating the effects of E loss on afferent nerve activity in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and making comparisons with findings in ageing female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Female Sprague-Dawley rats were d...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09689.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To define the perioperative morbidity and 30-day mortality of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) using the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) nephrectomy dataset for 2012, the first year of public reporting of individual surgeon outcomes in the UK. PATIENTS AND METHODS:All nephrectomies recorded ...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bju.12890
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY TYPE:Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4. OBJECTIVE:To report our analysis of the oncological outcome, side-effects and complications after (125)I-brachytherapy, based on 10 years of experience, as low dose-rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy is an accepted, effective and safe therapy for localized prostate ...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.09096.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the factors that influence the onset of androgen independence (AI, which heralds a dismal outcome) in patients with metastatic prostate carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS:The records of 361 consecutive patients with prostate carcinoma diagnosed and treated in the authors' institution from 1 January 19...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2004.04863.x
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and distress among active surveillance (AS) and radical prostatectomy (RP) patients. To evaluate the impact of these symptoms at baseline on urinary and sexual quality of life at follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Patients managed with AS or RP who completed val...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bju.12209
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To present our experience with bladder cancer among a renal transplant population and to review critically the relevant literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS:In all, 1865 renal graft recipients were followed for a mean (SD) of 6.5 (5) years. Seven recipients (all men) developed a urothelial bladder tumour. The s...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.07210.x
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the results of open partial nephrectomy (OPN) over a 15-year period in a large UK teaching hospital and to compare results with other series including minimally invasive techniques, as nephron-sparing techniques are still under-utilized in the surgical treatment of renal carcinoma. A standardized ...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.07829.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Authors from Iowa City report on the incidence of RCC; they compared the rate of these tumours at autopsy and felt that the decrease found was a result of better antemortem detection, and an increase with time in the frequency of clinically detected renal cancer. A study from New York attempted to determine ...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05244.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop a canine model of external urinary sphincter insufficiency by creating irreversible damage to the sphincter, because there is a need for a reliable and reproducible large animal model for the study of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) caused by deficient sphincter function. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08001.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the perioperative, postoperative and functional outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for renal tumours with high surgical complexity at a large volume centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Perioperative and functional outcomes of RAPNs for renal tumours with a Preoperative Aspects and Dim...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bju.12751
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the activity of nilutamide as secondary hormonal therapy in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC), as treatment options are limited for these patients and secondary hormonal therapy with antiandrogens has advantages, including low toxicity, oral administration and high patient ...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05714.x
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interactive case studies formed a key feature of the third annual Interactive Genitourinary Cancer Conference held in April/May 2011 in Budapest, Hungary. These cases were used to discuss the practical aspects of the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Particular emphasis was placed ...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10872.x
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We evaluated survival outcomes of partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) for clinical T2 renal masses (cT2RM) controlling for R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A two-centre study comprised of 202 patients with cT2RM who underwent RN (122) or PN (80) between July 2002 and June ...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/bju.12580
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00