Abstract:
:The aim of this study was to compare the physiological properties of single neurons in the glabrous (G) and heterogeneous (H) subdivisions of primary somatosensory digit 3 cortex of adult raccoons. Extracellular recordings were obtained from 50 G neurons whose receptive fields (RFs) were confined to the glabrous skin of a digit, and 41 H neurons whose RFs were located on hairy skin, claws, or mixtures of skin types. Both electrical and mechanical stimulation of the digits were used to assess excitatory neuronal responsiveness. The two sets of neurons, which had nearly identical depth distributions, differed considerably in their input convergence: (i) the percentage of neurons (%N) responding to electrical or mechanical stimulation of each off-focus digit and (ii) the number of digits from which individual cells could be driven were significantly greater for H neurons. Those G and H cells which could be excited by off-focus inputs were examined for probability of response (P), number of spikes per response (S/R), and latency of response (L) to digit stimulation. Surprisingly, for input from any one digit, there were no significant differences in these response properties between the two sets of neurons. However, inputs from different (on-focus versus off-focus) digits varied significantly and revealed patterns of response properties that were qualitatively similar for both G and H neurons. Specifically, %N and P decreased while L increased symmetrically with distance of each off-focus digit from the central on-focus digit 3, reflecting corresponding variations in the synaptic accessibility and conduction time of off-focus excitatory inputs. In contrast, S/R values were very similar for all digits, suggesting that the synaptic strength of off-focus inputs is regulated independently of accessibility. Finally, preliminary findings indicated that denervation of the third digit caused a decrease in off-focus response latencies, while the normal latency profile across digits was retained. This suggests that the previously existing pattern of off-focus inputs to G and H neurons provides a template for denervation-induced cortical reorganization, whereby the synaptic efficacy of off-focus inputs is increased by disinhibition or facilitation.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Doetsch GS,Stoney SD Jr,Hauge DHdoi
10.1016/0014-4886(92)90059-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-02-01 00:00:00pages
250-9issue
2eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
0014-4886(92)90059-Yjournal_volume
115pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker (ARB) has been reported to modify hypertensive cerebrovascular changes; however, it is not clear whether its protective effects are independent of blood pressure. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of AT1R-mediated signals in cerebral circulation by the chronic ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.11.028
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of microglia and their contribution to the development and maintenance of pain states has emerged as an attractive field of study. Sensitization of central nociceptors and interneurons is thought to be responsible for the symptoms of chronic neuropathic pain states. Microglia interact with these neurons at th...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.021
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease is associated with an age-related accumulation of Abeta and inflammation. The inflammatory mediator, TNFalpha activates a signaling cascade involving NFkappaB translocation to the nucleus and a beneficial or detrimental transcriptional response, depending on the age of the neurons and the type of s...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.05.007
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antiretroviral toxic neuropathy, a distal sensory polyneuropathy associated with antiretroviral treatment, is a frequently occurring neurological complication during treatment of patients with AIDS and often leads to discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. The mechanisms by which antiretroviral drugs contribute...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.02.036
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apnea of prematurity (AoP) is associated with severe and repeated episodes of arterial oxygen desaturation (intermittent hypoxia - IH), which in turn increases the number of apneas. So far, there is no data addressing whether IH leads to sex-specific respiratory consequences, neither if drugs targeting AoP are more ef...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112985
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the intraluminal suture model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rat, lesions of the masticator muscles associated with impaired functional outcome occur. We evaluated the role of external carotid artery (ECA) transection. We assessed whether isolated interruption of an arterial or a venous connectio...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.05.013
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggests interactions between primary afferent nociceptors and postganglionic sympathetic efferents in the pathogenesis of inflammation. The effect of unilateral removal of the superior cervical ganglion on the innervation pattern of nerve fibers immunoreactive (IR) to calcitonin gene-related peptide (...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7642
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats typically display self-mutilation (autotomy) of a paw that has been denervated by transection of the sciatic and saphenous nerves. The cause of autotomy, however, is not known. It may be due to hyperesthesia (comparable to that seen in humans after peripheral nerve injury) or anesthesia (as an attempt to shed an ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90311-0
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanol exposure profoundly affects learning and memory and neural plasticity. Key players underlying these functions are neurotrophins. The present study explored the effects of ethanol on the distribution of neurotrophins in the cerebral cortex of the adult rat. Age- and weight-matched pairs of adult male, Long-Evan...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.12.022
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two neutral alpha-glucosidase isoenzymes were isolated from the muscle of Japanese quails with late-onset acid maltase deficiency. One isoenzyme is predominantly expressed in embryonic muscle and the other in adult muscle. The time of switching from one to the other of these two neutral alpha-glucosidases was the same...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(88)90117-3
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports that endolymphatic hydrops causes a significant reduction of retrogradely labeled cell bodies of the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion following application of horseradish peroxidase in the cochlea. We previously showed that the trigeminal ganglion is a source of primary sensory innervation to the coc...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6813
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The binding of agonists and antagonists to beta-adrenergic receptors in brain tissue obtained postmortem in nonalcoholic controls and matched intoxicated and sober alcoholics was measured to assess the state of the receptors and their coupling to adenylate cyclase. Binding of antagonist, iodocyanopindolol, to cerebral...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(89)90131-3
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a neurovascular unit formed by microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes. Brain pericytes are important regulators of BBB integrity, permeability, and blood flow. Pericyte loss has been implicated in injury; however, how the crosstalk among pericytes, endothel...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.014
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Propentofylline is a xanthine derivative that has been known to protec t neurons against ischemia-induced damage. To assess its neuroprotective mechanisms, we examined the effect of propentofylline on microglial proliferation that is thought to play an important role in neuronal damage. We determined the proliferation...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.0035
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in autoimmune neurological disorders including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are not known. Anti-ganglioside antibodies have been reported to be pathogenic in some variants of GBS, and we have developed passive transfer animal models t...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.020
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extrinsic factors appear to contribute to the lack of regeneration in the injured adult spinal cord. It is likely that these extrinsic factors include a group of putative growth inhibitory molecules known as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). The aims of this study were to determine: (1) the consequences of sp...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7184
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proximal axotomy in adult animals results in delayed death of motor neurons. Features characteristic of both necrosis and apoptosis have been described in motor neurons of the spinal cord following proximal avulsion of the ventral roots. We have previously demonstrated that a genomic herpes simplex virus (HSV)-based v...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2000.7597
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP) is found in skeletal muscle localized to the base of the postsynaptic folds of the neuromuscular junction; yet here, as well as in neurons, its function remains enigmatic. Here we report that the motor nerve-derived trophic factor neuregulin-1 (NRG1) regulates both steady-s...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00031-1
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous epidemiological studies have shown an association between pesticide exposure and an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we provide evidence that the insecticide dieldrin causes specific oxidative damage in the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system. We report that exposure of mice to low ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.12.020
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ubiquitin (Ub) C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a multifunctional protein that is expressed in neurons throughout brain at high levels. UCHL1 deletion is associated with axonal degeneration, progressive sensory motor ataxia, and premature death in mice. UCHL1 has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113524
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the development of pathology associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and following exposure to the environmental toxin trichloroethylene (TCE). Evidence from humans indicates that both TBI and TCE can play a role in the development of PD and that each...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.012
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic nucleotides are thought to act as second messengers of neurotransmission inside central neurons, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) has been postulated to act as a messenger for muscarinic, cholinergic transmission. Nonetheless, the action of cGMP has not yet been established in identified cortical neuro...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90054-3
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is controversial whether levodopa (L-DOPA) therapy in the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) predisposes to later complications. Partial lesions of the substantia nigra (SN) in rat provide a model of the early stages of PD. We have investigated the potential effects of L-DOPA in early PD by analyzing its infl...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1993.1057
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurosphere-forming cells (NSFCs) derived from primary cultures of adult human olfactory epithelium were established in minimum essential medium (MEM) with Hanks balanced salts and 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS). A totally defined medium (DM) was employed to examine their proliferation, lineage restrict...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2003.10.022
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The behavioral effects of augmenting dopamine D1 receptor expression in the brain were investigated in mice incorporating additional copies of the mouse D1 receptor gene. Two transgenic lines showed increases in brain D1 receptor binding sites, which were greatest in extrastriatal regions. The full D1 agonist SKF 8129...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7037
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRX-2) is known to be released from erythrocytes and induce brain damage after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is involved in neuroinflammation following ICH. This study examined the role of LCN-2 in PRX-2 induced brain injury and involved three parts. In the first part, adult male...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113521
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) precursor contains several putative sites for prohormone convertase-mediated excision of short peptides. Here, we show that one of the predicted peptides, named BEP (brain excitatory peptide), induces a substantial increase in the synaptic excitability in rat CA1 pyram...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.12.018
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quisqualate (Quis) and other excitotoxins such as ibotenate and N-methyl aspartate, have been used to destroy neurons in the area of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in order to study the relationship between loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and various behavioral deficits, including learnin...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1994.1046
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microfilaments (MFs) play an important role in wound healing and other regenerative events. The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in the distribution of MFs in traumatized auditory epithelia and compare these changes between avian (regenerating) and mammalian (nonregenerating) ears. Chicks and guinea p...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(92)90217-e
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates is a heterogeneous organ system innervated to varying degrees by a local enteric neural network as well as extrinsic parasympathetic and sympathetic neural circuits located along the brainstem and spinal axis. This diverse organ system serves to regulate the secretory and prop...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113009
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00