Abstract:
:In vivo electroporation is a powerful technique for the introduction of genes into organisms. Temporal and spatial regulation of expression of introduced genes, or of RNAi, would further enhance the utility of this method. Here we demonstrate conditional regulation of gene expression from electroporated plasmids in the postnatal rat retina and the embryonic mouse brain. For temporal regulation, Cre/loxP-mediated inducible expression vectors were used in combination with a vector expressing a conditionally active form of Cre recombinase, which is activated by 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Onset of gene expression was regulated by the timing of 4-hydroxytamoxifen administration. For spatial regulation, transgenes were expressed by using promoters specific for rod photoreceptors, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, Müller glia or progenitor cells. Combinations of these constructs will facilitate a variety of experiments, including cell-type-specific gene misexpression, conditional RNAi, and fate mapping of progenitor and precursor cells.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Matsuda T,Cepko CLdoi
10.1073/pnas.0610155104subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-16 00:00:00pages
1027-32issue
3eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0610155104journal_volume
104pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To permit rapid optical control of brain activity, we have engineered multiple lines of transgenic mice that express the light-activated cation channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in subsets of neurons. Illumination of ChR2-positive neurons in brain slices produced photocurrents that generated action potentials within m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0700384104
更新日期:2007-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Avian homologues of mammalian gamma delta and alpha beta T-cell antigen receptors, TCR1 and TCR2, have been identified with monoclonal antibodies. These TCR isotypes are associated with the avian CD3 proteins on the T-cell surface. During chick development, T-cell subpopulations bearing CD3/TCR1 or CD3/TCR2 receptor c...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-08-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-02-26 00:00:00
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更新日期:2004-09-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2001-10-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Micrometeorites with diameter approximately 100-200 microm dominate the flux of extraterrestrial matter on Earth. The vast majority of micrometeorites are chemically, mineralogically, and isotopically related to carbonaceous chondrites, which amount to only 2.5% of meteorite falls. Here, we report the discovery of the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0900328106
更新日期:2009-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Preparations of the hemin-controlled repressor (HCR) from rabbit reticulocytes contain 3':5'-cyclic-AMP-independent protein kinase activity for the smallest subunit of the peptide initiation factor eIF-2 and for proteins of reticulocyte 40S ribosomal subunits. Binding of the ternary complex formed between Met-tRNAf, G...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.4.1445
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytocannabinoids, such as the principal bioactive component of marijuana, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, have been used for thousands of years for medical and recreational purposes. delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and endogenous cannabinoids (e.g., anandamide) initiate their agonist properties by stimulating the cannabinoi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0507470102
更新日期:2005-12-06 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1994-07-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1400181111
更新日期:2014-07-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0403509101
更新日期:2004-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Antigen receptors on the T-cell surface are noncovalently associated with at least four invariant polypeptide chains, CD3-gamma, -delta, -epsilon, and -zeta. The mouse CD3-gamma gene, consisting of seven exons, was found to be highly homologous to the CD3-delta gene described earlier. Both the high level of sequence h...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::After decades of robust growth, the rise in US life expectancy stalled after 2010. Explanations for the stall have focused on rising drug-related deaths. Here we show that a stagnating decline in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was the main culprit, outpacing and overshadowing the effects of all other causes of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::AIDS remains incurable due to the permanent integration of HIV-1 into the host genome, imparting risk of viral reactivation even after antiretroviral therapy. New strategies are needed to ablate the viral genome from latently infected cells, because current methods are too inefficient and prone to adverse off-target e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Glutamyl-tRNA (Glu-tRNA), formed by Glu-tRNA synthetase (GluRS), is a substrate for protein biosynthesis and tetrapyrrole formation by the C(5) pathway. In this route Glu-tRNA is transformed to delta-aminolevulinic acid, the universal precursor of tetrapyrroles (e.g., heme and chlorophyll) by the action of Glu-tRNA re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611611104
更新日期:2007-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::The central limit theorem is applied to group foraging to show an automatic and universal benefit to group living. This may explain the paradoxical inverse correlation between group size and per capita brood production in primitively eusocial insects and why only one of the five major lineages of social insects contai...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.1.36
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2019-11-12 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-09-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::GABAergic dysfunction is present in the hippocampus in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). The trisynaptic pathway was "deconstructed" into various layers of sectors CA3/2 and CA1 and gene expression profiling performed. Network association analysis was used to uncover genes that may be related to regulation...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0703806104
更新日期:2007-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Attention allows animals to respond selectively to competing stimuli, enabling some stimuli to evoke a behavioral response while others are ignored. How the brain does this remains mysterious, although it is increasingly evident that even animals with the smallest brains display this capacity. For example, insects res...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Necessary conditions are derived for a spherical vortex in a perfect fluid to be stationary in the case when the velocities depend on a single surface harmonic. The motion is indeterminate unless an additional condition is imposed. In the case when this condition is incompressibility, the equations are solved, yieldin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.9.2460
更新日期:1972-09-01 00:00:00