Structural evidence for evolution of shark Ig new antigen receptor variable domain antibodies from a cell-surface receptor.

Abstract:

:The Ig new antigen receptors (IgNARs) are single-domain antibodies found in the serum of sharks. Here, we report 2.2- and 2.8-A structures of the type 2 IgNAR variable domains 12Y-1 and 12Y-2. Structural features include, first, an Ig superfamily topology transitional between cell adhesion molecules, antibodies, and T cell receptors; and, second, a vestigial complementarity-determining region 2 at the "bottom" of the molecule, apparently discontinuous from the antigen-binding paratope and similar to that observed in cell adhesion molecules. Thus, we suggest that IgNARs originated as cell-surface adhesion molecules coopted to the immune repertoire and represent an evolutionary lineage independent of variable heavy chain/variable light chain type antibodies. Additionally, both 12Y-1 and 12Y-2 form unique crystallographic dimers, predominantly mediated by main-chain framework interactions, which represent a possible model for primordial cell-based interactions. Unusually, the 12Y-2 complementarity-determining region 3 also adopts an extended beta-hairpin structure, suggesting a distinct selective advantage in accessing cryptic antigenic epitopes.

authors

Streltsov VA,Varghese JN,Carmichael JA,Irving RA,Hudson PJ,Nuttall SD

doi

10.1073/pnas.0403509101

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-08-24 00:00:00

pages

12444-9

issue

34

eissn

0027-8424

issn

1091-6490

pii

0403509101

journal_volume

101

pub_type

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