Abstract:
:Despite the widespread use of antidepressant medication, there are no signs that the burden of depression and suicide is decreasing in the industrialised world. This is generating mounting scepticism on the effectiveness of this class of drugs as an approach for the treatment of mood disorders. These doubts are also fuelled by the increasing awareness that the literature on antidepressants is fundamentally flawed and under the control of the pharmaceutical companies. This article describes systematically for the first time what is probably the most insidious and misleading of the biases that affect this area of research: the "multiple outcomes bias". Most trials on the effectiveness of antidepressants, instead of first establishing a hypothesis and then trying to demonstrate it, following the scientific method, start instead "data mining", without a clear hypothesis, and then select for publication, amongst a multitude of outcomes, only the ones that favour the antidepressant drug, ignoring the others. This method has obviously no scientific validity and is very misleading, allowing the manipulation of the data without any overt fraudulent action. There is the need to generate new research, independently funded and with clear hypotheses established "a priori ". What is at stake is not only the appraisal of the balance between benefits and potential damage to the patients when using this class of medications, after the realisation that they are not as harmless as believed. It is also to establish whether the research on antidepressant medication has gone on a "wild goose chase" over the last half century, concentrating almost exclusively on molecules that modify the monoaminergic transmission at synaptic level and virtually ignoring any other avenue.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Procopio Mdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2005.02.037keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
395-9issue
2eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(05)00149-0journal_volume
65pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The results described in this paper partially agree with the hypothesis that mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of depleted growing rats recover their antigen specific determinants after the oral administration of 20% casein for 5-9 days following the time course of antigen dependent changes observed in virgin lymph nodes. ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(87)90058-2
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vasopressin is now commonly used to control bleeding during surgery of the cervix. In larger intravenous doses, vasopressin can cause coronary artery vasoconstriction and increase systemic vascular resistance. Nicotine has a similar effect on the coronary circulation. The effects of combining both these drugs has not ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.02.013
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(88)90071-0
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.04.014
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2015.07.017
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.08.029
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.09.033
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00055-0
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.08.015
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.05.019
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.05.002
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.06.032
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.04.003
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90107-4
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1140
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109947
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.04.003
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109906
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.027
更新日期:2012-08-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.09.008
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.04.030
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.008
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.11.012
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.10.011
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.05.072
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.09.015
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(95)90066-7
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00