Abstract：
:Animals contain an enormous load of non-pathogenic bacteria in the lower intestine, which exploit an environment with a stable temperature and abundant carbon sources. Our load of bacteria outnumbers our own cells. In order to survive with such a high number of organisms in very close proximity to host tissues the intestinal mucosa and its immune system is highly adapted. Mucosal immune responses are induced by small numbers of live commensal organisms penetrating the Peyer's patches and persisting in dendritic cells (DC). These DC can induce immunoglobulin A+ (IgA+) B cells, which recirculate through the lymph and bloodstream to populate the lamina propria and secrete protective IgA. Because DC loaded with commensal bacteria do not penetrate further than the mesenteric lymph nodes, immune induction to commensals is confined to the mucosa, allowing strong mucosal immune responses to be induced whilst the systemic immune system remains relatively ignorant of these organisms.
journal_name
Immunologyjournal_title
Immunologyauthors
Macpherson AJ,Geuking MB,McCoy KDdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02159.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-06-01 00:00:00pages
153-62issue
2eissn
0019-2805issn
1365-2567pii
IMM2159journal_volume
115pub_type
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