Abstract：
:Because the cornea is optimized for refraction, it relies on supporting tissues for moistening and nutrition and in particular for immune protection. Its main support tissue is the conjunctiva, in addition to the lacrimal gland, the latter which provides soluble mediators via the tear film. The cornea and conjunctiva constitute a moist mucosal surface and there is increasing evidence that apart from innate defence mechanisms, also lymphoid cells contribute to the normal homeostasis of the corneal surface. A Medline-based literature search was performed in order to review the existing literature on the existence, composition and functions of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) at the ocular surface for corneal protection. The existence of lymphoid cells at the ocular surface and appendage has been known for many years, but for a long time they were believed erroneously to be inflammatory cells. More recent research has shown that in addition to the known presence of lymphoid cells in the lacrimal gland, they also form MALT in the conjunctiva as conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) and in the lacrimal drainage system as lacrimal drainage-associated lymphoid tissue (LDALT). Together this constitutes an eye-associated lymphoid tissue (EALT), which is a new component of the mucosal immune system of the body. When the topographical distribution of CALT is projected onto the ocular surface, it overlies the cornea during eye closure and is hence in a suitable position to assist the corneal immune protection during blinking and overnight. It can detect corneal antigens and prime respective effector cells, or distribute protective factors as secretory IgA.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Knop E,Knop Ndoi
10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00394.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-03-01 00:00:00pages
271-85issue
3eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580pii
JOA394journal_volume
206pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Muscles are considered to play an important role in the ongoing daily loading of bone, especially in the masticatory apparatus. Currently, there are no measurements describing this role over longer periods of time. We made simultaneous and wireless in vivo recordings of habitual strains of the rabbit mandible and mass...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01375.x
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, there has been increasing demand for personalized anatomy modelling for medical and industrial applications, such as ergonomics device development, clinical radiological exposure simulation, biomechanics analysis, and 3D animation character design. In this study, we constructed deformable torso phanto...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12815
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sensory and motor innervation of a sample of 202 muscle spindles from the dorsolateral tail muscles of eight cats were studied by silver and gold staining techniques. The range of diameters of Group Ia afferent nerve fibres to primary (P) sensory endings was 2.0-14.0 micron with a peak at 8.5 micron. The range of ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kinematics of swings at joints can be described fully by means of two simple ratios and the angle at which the total operative force vector pulls upon a bone. The ratios can be applied to individual muscles, thus linking structural and functional myology in an exact way. The 'spurt' and 'shunt' types of muscle are...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) connects the scaphoid and lunate bones and plays a crucial role in carpal kinematics. Its rupture leads to carpal instability and impairment of radiocarpal joint function. As the ligament is one of the first structures affected in rheumatoid arthritis, we conducted an immu...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00552.x
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male rats undernourished from about birth until 100 days of age were nutritionally rehabilitated until 200 days. Six control and six experimental rats were anaesthetised and X-rayed at each of 50, 100 and 200 days. Measurements of various skeletal dimensions, and estimates of skeletal maturity, were made from these ra...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study presents, for the first time, sequences of five beta-keratin cDNAs from turtle epidermis obtained by means of 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) analyses. The deduced amino acid sequences correspond to distinct glycine-proline-serine-tyrosine rich proteins containing 122-174 amino acids. In ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01030.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anisotropic, inhomogeneous, multiply collagenous architecture of the annulus reflects the complex pattern of mainly tensile stresses developed in this region of the disc during normal function. Structural and mechanical responses of fully hydrated in-plane sections taken from within single lamellae of the outer an...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00467.x
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to examine by means of stereology the effects of pinealectomy and melatonin on the structure of the adrenal cortex of ovariectomised rats and to check whether the effect of oestradiol on the rat adrenal cortex is modified by the pineal gland. Neither pinealectomy (73 days) nor melatonin treatm...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of varying periods of general protein-calorie undernutrition during early life on Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the rat were examined. In Experiment 1, animals were undernourished from d 18 of gestation until either d 30 or d 60 of postnatal age, followed in some cases by a period of nutritional reha...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Langerhans cells of the epidermis of 6-month-old white crossbred farm pigs were identified by electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally they were similar to those described in other mammals. They were present in basal and suprabasal layers and were characterised by a lobulated nucleus and an electrolucent cytoplasm with ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the enameloid matrix a large number of tubular vesicles appeared around the odontoblast processes at the stage of enameloid matrix formation. The tubular vesicles were limited by unit membrane and the membrane often seemed to connect with that of the odontoblast processes. The tubular vesicles probably originated f...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This pre-embedding electron-immunocytochemical study investigated the localisation of endothelial (type III) and neuronal (type I) isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, substance P, endothelin-1 and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the human middle cerebral artery taken up to 40 h postmortem. To ¿recover' from the anoxic period so...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differences are reported in the total calcified tissue/bone marrow ratios and in the total thickness of cortical calcified tissue (lamellar bone and calcified fibrocartilage) between the attachment sites of the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament in man. The greatest amount of calcified tissue is at the insert...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The calcaneocuboid joint was studied in ligamentous specimens of ten human feet, and in skeletons of two gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei), six chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), three orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and 25 human feet. The movement of the transverse tarsal joint was further studied in a living foot on a wal...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current surgical treatments for degenerative intervertebral disc disease do not restore full normal spinal movement. Tissue engineering a functional disc replacement may be one way to circumvent this limitation, but will require an integration of the different tissues making up the disc for this approach to be success...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01537.x
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work, almost four decades ago, showed that hydrocortisone (HC) treatment reduces the number of skeletogenic condensations that give rise to the scleral ossicles in the chicken eye. The scleral ossicles are a ring of overlapping intramembranous bones, the sclerotic ring, and are present in most reptiles, inclu...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12744
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the sequence of events involved in long-term biological reconstruction of a tendon-bone interface following surgical reattachment. Patellar tendon re-attachment in the adult sheep was used to investigate and describe the biological components involved in healing an...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00699.x
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The behavioral differences in muscle use are related to the fiber type composition of the muscles among other variables. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of heterogeneity in the fiber type composition in the rat temporalis muscle. The temporalis muscle was taken from 10-week-old Wistar strain male rats ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00990.x
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the development of Hynobius dunni there are two consecutive generations of the tongue and two generations of gustatory organs (taste buds and taste disks). The anlage of the developing secondary tongue appears just in front of the free ending of the primary tongue beginning at the larval developmental stage 62. Fro...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00076.x
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the relative contributions of pore size and pore density (number of pores per mm2) to porosity in the midshaft of the human femur. Cross-sections were obtained from 168 individuals from a modern Australian population (mostly Anglo-Celtic). The study group comprised 73 females and 95 males, aged...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00589.x
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01377.x
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The straightforward anatomical organisation of the developing and mature rat spinal cord was used to determine and interpret the time of appearance and expression patterns of microtubule-associated proteins (MAP) 1b and 2. Immunoblots revealed the presence of MAP1b and 2 in the early embryonic rat spinal cord and conf...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A histological study has shown that considerable amounts of lipid accumulate in the oxyntico-peptic cells of the proventriculus of domestic fowls deprived of food. Lipid droplets were first seen in the cells 6 hours after commencing the fast and they reached a maximum in 24 hours; a decrease was detected histologicall...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is an accumulating body of evidence that highlights the fact that one can identify convergence in programmes of cellular differentiation. That is, that a particular differentiated cell/tissue type can be generated via non-identical paths. Convergence is also seen in evolution and here it is termed homoplasy, thu...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01232.x
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In stem-cell research a major difficulty is caused by the lack of distinctive features that allow the identification of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Until now, there has been no specific marker and the most common way to identify hMSC is by their characteristic stem-cell properties: self-replication and differ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2004.00252.x
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
