Abstract:
:The effects of varying periods of general protein-calorie undernutrition during early life on Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the rat were examined. In Experiment 1, animals were undernourished from d 18 of gestation until either d 30 or d 60 of postnatal age, followed in some cases by a period of nutritional rehabilitation. In Experiment 2, rats were undernourished from conception until d 30 postnatally, followed by a period of rehabilitation until 60 d of age. The 'fractionator' method was employed to estimate the total number of cerebellar Purkinje cell nucleoli. If each cell has one nucleolus, this number is equal to the number of Purkinje cells. In Experiment 1, the estimated mean number of Purkinje cell nucleoli varied between 188,000 and 273,000 for the groups of animals studied. However, the interanimal variation was large and 2-way analysis of variance tests failed to reveal any statistically significant age, nutrition or interaction effects. In Experiment 2, rats killed immediately after the period of undernutrition possessed significantly fewer Purkinje cell nucleoli than age-matched controls. This did not represent a real decrease in cell number. Instead, the result could be explained by a change of Purkinje cell morphology in undernourished rats. The change included nucleolar regression. Nutritionally rehabilitated animals had similar numbers of nucleoli to control rats. It is concluded that the levels and periods of undernutrition used in these experiments did not affect significantly the total numbers of cerebellar Purkinje neurons.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Bedi KS,Campbell LF,Mayhew TMkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-10-01 00:00:00pages
199-208eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
181 ( Pt 2)pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Lymphatics in the diaphragm form a specialised system draining fluid from the peritoneal cavity and returning it to the vascular system. Fluid enters subperitoneal lymphatic lacunae, between muscle fibres of the diaphragm, the lacunae being separated from the peritoneal cavity by a barrier comprising, successively, ly...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proper assessment of outcome in clinical trials of neural transplantation requires both biochemical and imaging indices of graft survival, and behavioural and physiological indices of graft function. For transplantation in Huntington's disease, a variety of ligands that are selective for striatal degeneration and graf...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19640597.x
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sensory and motor innervation of a sample of 202 muscle spindles from the dorsolateral tail muscles of eight cats were studied by silver and gold staining techniques. The range of diameters of Group Ia afferent nerve fibres to primary (P) sensory endings was 2.0-14.0 micron with a peak at 8.5 micron. The range of ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cutaneous branch of the suprascapular nerve was observed in 6 arms from 5 (4 male and 1 female) out of 61 Japanese cadavers. The suprascapular nerves with a cutaneous branch arose from essentially normal brachial plexuses. Every suprascapular nerve with a cutaneous branch had a normal course, and gave rise to the cu...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human body has evolved to maintain homeostasis through the covering of skin and mucous membranes, which separate the internal environment from the harsh and variable external milieu. Few structures naturally penetrate these coverings, and teeth are the only exception in human beings. Attempts to breach these barri...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00595.x
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study aim was to explore the anatomy, histopathology, and molecular biological function of the fascias posterior to the interperitoneal colon and its mesocolon to provide information for improving complete mesocolic excision. To accomplish this aim, we performed intraoperative observations in 60 interperitoneal co...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12066
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ultrastructure of the developing fetal lamb myocardium was studied in a series of animals spanning 29 days of gestation to term, and compared with newborn and adult animals. All major ultrastructural features which characterise the adult myocyte were found in early fetal life, although with considerably different ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rete testis in the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris galeata) and drake (Anas platyrhynchos) was studied histologically and with both the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. All the birds have rete epithelial cells varyi...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The architecture of the fibres in the sciatic nerve of the dog has been analysed by following the degeneration of fibres resulting from division of the individual spinal nerves which contribute to the sciatic nerve. A pattern has been demonstrated which varies in part with the size of the contribution to the sciatic n...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to study peribronchial ganglia of cats. An osmiophilic substance that is selectively taken up into the synaptic vesicles of adrenergic nerves (5-hydroxydopamine) was used to help differentiate adrenergic and non-adrenergic terminals. Peribronchial ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of chronic neuromuscular inactivity on the phenotype and size of muscle fibres in a fast ankle extensor (medial gastrocnemius, MG) and a fast ankle flexor (tibialis anterior, TA) muscle of the rat hindlimb were determined. Inactivity was produced by spinal cord isolation (SI), i.e. complete spinal cord tra...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00665.x
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of inborn genetic errors can lend insight into mechanisms of normal human development and congenital malformations. Here, we present the first detailed comparison of cranial and neuro pathology in two exceedingly rare human individuals with cyclopia and alobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) in the presence and abse...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12343
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutron diffraction measurements of the orientation of the apatite crystals show a significant preference of their c-axes for the vertical direction. This preference increases from bottom to top of each vertebral body and is substantially greater for the second than for the fifth lumbar vertebrae. This is in line with...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study addresses the effects of increased mechanical load on the vertebral bone of post-smolt Atlantic salmon by forcing them to swim at controlled speeds. The fish swam continuously in four circular tanks for 9 weeks, two groups at 0.47 body lengths (bl) × s(-1) (non-exercised group) and two groups at 2 bl × s(-1...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01399.x
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Facial size reduction and facial retraction are key features that distinguish modern humans from archaic Homo. In order to more fully understand the emergence of modern human craniofacial form, it is necessary to understand the underlying evolutionary basis for these defining characteristics. Although it is well estab...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01162.x
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The calcaneocuboid joint was studied in ligamentous specimens of ten human feet, and in skeletons of two gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei), six chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), three orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and 25 human feet. The movement of the transverse tarsal joint was further studied in a living foot on a wal...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The elbow joint nerve, a small branch of the musculocutaneous nerve in the cat, was investigated with low power transmission electron microscopy. By taking a series of overlapping photographs a montage was constructed of the cross section appearance of the complete nerve. Thus, a complete count of the number and sizes...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical research on the deposition of inhaled substances (e.g. inhaled medications, airborne contaminants, fumes) in the lungs necessitates anatomical models of the airways. Current conducting airway models lack three-dimensional (3D) reality as little information is available in the literature on the distribution of...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.0021-8782.2001.00018.x
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Degeneration, scar formation and regeneration have been studied after section of the optic nerve in the frog. In the normal optic nerve two types of macroglial cell were identified: astrocytes and oligodendroglia. Degeneration after injury proceeded rapidly in comparison with mammals but did not lead to the production...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male rats undernourished from about birth until 100 days of age were nutritionally rehabilitated until 200 days. Six control and six experimental rats were anaesthetised and X-rayed at each of 50, 100 and 200 days. Measurements of various skeletal dimensions, and estimates of skeletal maturity, were made from these ra...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During long bone development the original cartilaginous model in mammals is replaced by bone, but at the long bone endings the avascular articular cartilage remains. Before the articular cartilage attains structural maturity it undergoes reorganization, and molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) a...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01377.x
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unbiased stereological counting device (the fractionator) was used to count Purkinje neurons in mammalian cerebella of known weights in order to define the relationship between weight and number. Nucleoli were chosen as the counting unit and numbers were estimated from uniform random samples of wax-embedded tissue ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The process by which the pronephros develops was morphologically examined in chick embryos from Hamburger-Hamilton stage (ST) 8+ to ST34. The intermediate mesoderm, from which the pronephros arises, was first seen as a faint ridge of undifferentiated mesoderm between the segmental plate and lateral plate at ST8+. It f...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00245.x
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The production of echolocation calls in bats along with forces produced by contraction of thoracic musculature used in flight presumably puts relatively high mechanical loads on the lower respiratory tract (LRT). Thus, there are likely adaptations to prevent collapse or distortion of the bronchial tree and trachea dur...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12575
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are a heterogeneous cell population, which is reflected in varying morphological and biological properties. Three subpopulations with intrinsic characteristics can be distinguished: small rapidly self-renewing cells, spindle-shaped cells and large, flattened cells. Unfortunately, it...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01065.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A monoclonal antibody SBU-3 raised against an antigen expressed by the binucleate cells in the trophoblast of the sheep placentome crossreacts with an antigen expressed by binucleate cells in the placenta of the deer and the cow. This monoclonal antibody has been used to study the distribution of this subpopulation of...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum is one of the most used model organisms in evolutionary, developmental and regenerative studies, particularly because it can reconstitute a fully functional and complete forelimb/hindlimb. Surprisingly, there is no publication that describes all the pectoral and forelimb muscles of this...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01567.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fixed and unfixed human tendons originating from cadavers and postoperation specimens were examined using inclined parallel beams of light in a reflecting mode. Along the tendon, numerous planes, constantly inclined to the axis, were observed edge-on at the surface and within the interior. Their angle of inclination, ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of the underlying mechanisms by which cells respond to mechanical stimuli, i.e. the link between the mechanical stimulus and gene expression, represents a new and important area in the morphological sciences. Several cell types ('mechanocytes'), e.g. osteoblasts and fibroblasts as well as smooth, cardiac and...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19430323.x
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the present study was to measure the lines of action of 18 major muscles and muscle sub-regions crossing the glenohumeral joint of the human shoulder, and to compute the potential contribution of these muscles to joint shear and compression during scapular-plane abduction and sagittal-plane flexion. T...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01090.x
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00