Abstract:
:The production of echolocation calls in bats along with forces produced by contraction of thoracic musculature used in flight presumably puts relatively high mechanical loads on the lower respiratory tract (LRT). Thus, there are likely adaptations to prevent collapse or distortion of the bronchial tree and trachea during flight in echolocating bats. By clearing and staining (Alcian blue and Alizarin red) LRTs removed from nonvolant neonates, semivolant juveniles, volant subadults, and adult Jamaican fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis), I found that calcification of the tracheal, primary bronchial, and secondary bronchial (lobar) cartilage rings occurs over the span of about 3 days and coincides with later developmental stages of flight and the increased production of echolocation calls. Tracheal rings that are immediately adjacent to the larynx calcified first, followed by more caudal tracheal rings and then the rings of the primary and secondary bronchi. I suggest that calcification of LRT cartilage rings in echolocating bats provides increased rigidity to counter the thoracic compressions incurred during flight. Calcification of the LRT rings is an adaptation to support the emission of laryngeally produced echolocation calls during flight in bats.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Carter RTdoi
10.1111/joa.12575subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-04-01 00:00:00pages
589-595issue
4eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
230pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The kinematics of swings at joints can be described fully by means of two simple ratios and the angle at which the total operative force vector pulls upon a bone. The ratios can be applied to individual muscles, thus linking structural and functional myology in an exact way. The 'spurt' and 'shunt' types of muscle are...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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