Abstract:
:Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes motor and sensory deficits that impair functional performance. While more functional recovery occurs with greater white matter sparing (WMS), it is unclear which locomotor features are more vulnerable to SCI than others, if recovery of certain features depends on specific amounts of WMS, and whether motor recovery patterns differ from sensory recovery. Locomotor and sensory recovery after graded contusive SCI with cord displacements of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.25, and 1.3 mm was examined for 6 weeks in 80 female Sprague-Dawley rats. Seven SCI gradations resulted in three locomotor performance levels measured with BBB (P < 0.01): High: laminectomy (LAM) controls and 0.3 (19.87 +/- 0.35 SEM); Intermediate: 0.5-0.9 (13.71 +/- 0.32); and Low: 1.1-1.3 (9.23 +/- 0.36). Normal paw position was most susceptible to SCI requiring 90% WMS, while consistent plantar stepping was least susceptible depending on 10% WMS. A threshold at the 0.9 severity for coordination, toe clearance, and nearly normal trunk stability and tail usage required 25% WMS. Analysis of interlimb coordination using new phase dispersion (PD) techniques delineated three recovery patterns: synchronous (0.3), modified concordance (0.5, 0.7), and disengaged (0.9, 1.1). Lesion severity correlated to WMS (r(2) = 0.96) and to BBB (r(2) = 0.87) by nonlinear polynomial regressions. Mechanical allodynia developed only after injuries resulting in < or =10% WMS. Nonlinear motor and sensory recovery patterns suggest that small reparative changes may substantially improve function in individuals with SCI. A hierarchical locomotor recovery based on simple segmental versus complex supraspinal motor control is proposed.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Kloos AD,Fisher LC,Detloff MR,Hassenzahl DL,Basso DMdoi
10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.09.016keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-02-01 00:00:00pages
251-65issue
2eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
S0014-4886(04)00390-5journal_volume
191pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Previous studies have suggested that defective high-affinity glutamate uptake, due mainly to a major loss of the astroglial-specific GLT-1 glutamate transporter, underlies the selective motoneuron degeneration observed in sporadic ALS (24, 28). If a defect in glutamate transport underlies the pathogenesis of sporadic ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.0198
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The competence of neurons to regenerate depends on their ability to initiate a program of gene expression supporting growth and on the growth-permissive properties of glial cells in the distal stump of the injured nerve. Most studies on intrinsic molecular mechanisms governing peripheral nerve regeneration have focuss...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6886
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An in vitro study of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) response of protons in normal and pathological human skeletal muscle is presented. Muscle biopsies from 34 patients with various neuromuscular diseases and five normal subjects were studied by proton NMR techniques and the results were compared with those of li...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(83)90159-0
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanol withdrawal (ETX) in ethanol-dependent rats results in susceptibility to seizures, including generalized tonic-clonic audiogenic seizures (AGS). The inferior colliculus (IC) is strongly implicated in AGS initiation during ETX, but IC neuronal mechanisms subserving AGS are unclear. The present study examined IC ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(95)90062-4
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physiological/anatomical studies of rat frontal cortex in vitro have distinguished subpopulations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-expressing inhibitory interneurons defined by expression of the calcium-binding proteins, parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin (CA). Using a novel 2DG/immunostaining technique to double-label h...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1997.6426
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::While past neuroimaging methods have contributed greatly to our understanding of brain function after traumatic brain injury (TBI), resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) connectivity methods have more recently provided a far more unbiased approach with which to monitor brain circuitry compared to task-based approaches...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.12.020
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our previous studies showed that Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-1 reduced blood brain barrier permeability and decreased infarct volume caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in middle aged female rats. Similarly, cultures of primary brain microvessel endothelial cells from middle-aged female rats and exp...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.016
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of transgenic mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) allows the testing of neuroprotective agents. We evaluated the effects of five agents in transgenic mice with the G93A Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase mutation. A novel inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase showed no effects on survival. D...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7633
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that, despite its common use, often causes peripheral sensory neuropathy. In neurons, paclitaxel binds to and stabilizes microtubules, and through unknown mechanisms, bundles microtubules and disrupts their organization. Because microtubules serve as tracks on which a ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.023
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on their differentiation ability, bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are a good source for cell therapy. Using a cynomolgus monkey peripheral nervous system injury model, we examined the safety and efficacy of Schwann cells induced from MSCs as a source for auto-cell transplantation therapy in nerve injury. Serial...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.01.022
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary, progressive and ultimately fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Excitotoxicity and reduced availability of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) likely play roles in HD pathogenesis. Recently we developed a protocol that induces adult human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.045
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Grafts of embryonic ventral mesencephalic tissue placed in the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats survive, and make and receive connections to and from the host brain. The dopaminergic neurons of the graft can grow processes into the host brain, and thereby alleviate many of the behavioral deficits of this fo...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.0141
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quisqualate (Quis) and other excitotoxins such as ibotenate and N-methyl aspartate, have been used to destroy neurons in the area of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in order to study the relationship between loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and various behavioral deficits, including learnin...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1994.1046
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood flow in the feline thoracic spinal cord was measured, using a laser-Doppler flowmetry. Rhythmic changes in the spinal cord blood flow were repeatedly observed with a frequency of about three to eight cycles per minute, unrelated to the respiratory or cardiac cycles. These changes were unaffected by hypertension ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(88)90009-x
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Extrapyramidal Syndrome (EPS) are movement disorders that result from degeneration of the dopaminergic input to the striatum and chronic inhibition of striatal dopamine D(2) receptors by antipsychotics, respectively. Adenosine A(2A) receptors are selectively localized in the basal ganglia,...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.07.011
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is poorly understood and treatment remains difficult. We have previously reported that TTX-resistant (TTX-R) sodium channels in colon-specific dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were sensitized and the expression of the endogenous hydrogen sulfide pr...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.06.027
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), mitochondrial function becomes compromised. Mitochondrial dysfunction is characterized by intra-mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation, induction of oxidative damage, and mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT). Experimental studies show that cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibits mPT. How...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.09.025
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infant, juvenile, and adult brain growth is modulated by corticosterone. This study was designed to determine whether such modulation is confined to certain specific brain areas, and if the pattern of growth revealed is consistent across strains of rats. Young female Sprague-Dawley-derived rats were either adrenalecto...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(88)90229-4
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laser Doppler flowmetry was utilized to examine blood flow in sciatic nerves of barbiturate-anesthetized and of unanesthetized decerebrate rats, in response to hypotension induced by graded exsanguination or by graded clamping of the descending aorta. Continuous laser Doppler flowmetry signals decreased linearly with ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(85)90047-0
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thalamocortical spike-and-wave discharges characterize the nonconvulsive absence seizures that occur spontaneously in genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), a selected strain of Wistar rats. GABA is crucial in the generation of absence seizures. The susceptibility to convulsions induced by threshold do...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7302
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olfactomedin 1 (Olfm1) is a secreted glycoprotein that is preferentially expressed in neuronal tissues. Here we show that deletion of exons 4 and 5 from the Olfm1 gene, which encodes a 52 amino acid long region in the N-terminal part of the protein, increased neonatal death and reduced body weight of surviving homozyg...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.09.019
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6962
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution and relative intrafascicular contribution of myelin fibers derived from spinal segments L-4 to L-6 were analyzed in adult rat sciatic nerve and its main branches, using 200-kDa neurofilament subunit immunodetection in previously injured nerve sections in the L-4 or L-5 spinal branch or both. These bra...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7806
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-eight-day-old (juvenile) rats were kindled with hourly stimulations to partial or fully kindled status. Adult rats were stimulated with hourly or daily stimulations. Alterations in [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding were determined 3 weeks after the last stimulation. We found that partially kindled, hourly stimulate...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(87)90006-9
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::GAP-43 is a neuronal protein whose synthesis is elevated during developmental and regenerative axon growth. We propose that one consequence of this increased synthesis may be the delivery of calmodulin-like proteins to the distal portions of the growing axon at an increased velocity; this is because calmodulin, which ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(92)90243-j
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental tumors of the central nervous system were investigated with antibodies to quinolinate to assess the cellular distribution of this endogenous neurotoxin. In advanced F98 and RG-2 glioblastomas and E367 neuroblastomas in the striatum of rats, variable numbers of quinolinate immunoreactive cells were observe...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.6365
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal migration was investigated in rodent cerebellum in vitro and in vivo. Time-lapse video recording showed that cultured neurons migrated on laminin by first extending neurites that formed contacts with other neurons. This was followed by movement of the cell nucleus inside the preformed process. No guidance cue...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(92)90119-b
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to characterize the microglial and astroglial reactions to degeneration of (a) hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and dentate hilar neurons induced by cerebral ischemia and (b) CA3 pyramidal cells and dentate hilar neurons induced by intraventricular injections of kainic acid (KA). The microglia...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1993.1041
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the effects of high K+ concentration on the growth and development of mesencephalic cells and their glutamate vulnerability. Mesencephalic cell cultures obtained from Wistar rat embryos on the 14th gestational day were maintained for 14 days in medium with either normal (4.2 mM) or elevated (24.2 m...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.0024
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, the immune response after spinal cord injury was considered largely detrimental owing to the release of neurotoxic factors. While there is validity to this view, there is much greater heterogeneity of immune cells than was previously realized. Associated with this heterogeneity of immune cell subtypes, t...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.025
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00