Abstract:
:Grafts of embryonic ventral mesencephalic tissue placed in the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats survive, and make and receive connections to and from the host brain. The dopaminergic neurons of the graft can grow processes into the host brain, and thereby alleviate many of the behavioral deficits of this form of experimental Parkinson's disease. However, when examined some weeks after implantation, grafted substantia nigra only contains about 5% of the expected complement of dopaminergic neurons. We have examined the time course of loss of grafted neurons. We find that the majority die during the first 7 days after transplantation. However, we have shown previously that three-dimensional cultures with the same dimensions as a graft, made of identical cell suspensions, have much better dopaminergic neuronal survival. There must, therefore, be features in the environment surrounding a graft that are toxic to dopaminergic neurons. A limiting factor in the efficacy of dopaminergic grafts is the small distance over which the neurons are able to grow neurites and form connections in the host brain. We find that the growth of neurites from dopaminergic neurons into the host striatum occurs in two phases. Neurites reach their maximum length within 7 days of transplantation, and this is followed by a much slower process of branch and terminal formation. Since axon growth in the adult brain may be inhibited by a number of factors associated with reactive gliosis, we have immunostained various ages of graft for vimentin, tenascin, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CS-PG) using the CS56 antibody, the DSD-1 proteoglycan, and microglia using the OX-42 antibody. We have compared this staining with that surrounding a simple stab wound. Vimentin staining was initially seen in the graft and in astrocytes immediately surrounding it. By 7 weeks staining was restricted to a ring of astrocytes surrounding the graft. Tenascin, DSD-1, and CS-PG were initially seen in and around the grafts. By 7 weeks they had disappeared from grafts, but CS-PG and tenascin persisted in small amounts around stab wounds. In general, immunostaining of these molecules persisted longer around a stab lesion than around a graft. There was also an intense local microglial reaction surrounding both grafts and stab wounds which had largely resolved by 7 weeks.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Barker RA,Dunnett SB,Faissner A,Fawcett JWdoi
10.1006/exnr.1996.0141subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-09-01 00:00:00pages
79-93issue
1eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
S0014-4886(96)90141-7journal_volume
141pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Studies of the effects of lesions of the parietal cortex suggest that this region plays a critical role in visuomotor guidance, whereas experiments on the effects of disconnecting this region from visual input have been inconsistent in supporting this hypothesis. In the present experiment, monkeys with a unilateral oc...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(83)90161-9
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral inflammation induces sensitization of nociceptive spinal cord neurons. Both spinal tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and neuronal membrane insertion of Ca2+ permeable AMPA receptor (AMPAr) contribute to spinal sensitization and resultant pain behavior, molecular mechanisms connecting these two events have not bee...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.04.004
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term levodopa or dopamine agonist treatment in the MPTP-lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease elicits dyskinesia, which is phenotypically similar to levodopa-induced dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease. AMPA receptor antagonists have previously been shown to have both anti-parkinsonian and ant...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7854
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent work has indicated that photobiomodulation (PBM) may beneficially alter the pathological status of several neurological disorders, although the mechanism currently remains unclear. The current study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of PBM on behavioral deficits and neurogenesis in a photothromb...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.013
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hph-1 mice have defective tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis and share many neurochemical similarities with l-dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) in humans. In both, there are deficiencies in GTP cyclohydrolase I and low brain levels of dopamine (DA). Striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels are decreased while the numb...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.08.022
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronopathy was induced in rats by chronic treatment (2 mg/kg twice a week for nine injections) with the antineoplastic drug cisplatin. Morphological alterations and changes in peptide [calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P, galanin (Gal), and somatostatin] concentration were s...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.0050
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poor survival of embryonic dopamine neurons is a primary problem limiting the value of neurotransplantation for Parkinson's disease. Several neurotrophic factors have been shown to promote dopamine neuron survival when used individually in culture. We have found that two peptides, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.0115
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) are very powerful long-lasting descending inhibitory controls which are pivotal in modulating the activity of spinal and trigeminal nociceptive neurons. DNIC are subserved by a loop involving supraspinal structures such as the lateral parabrachial nucleus and the subnucleus r...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.03.006
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of the alpha2macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (alpha2Mr/LRP) and its ligands alpha2macroglobulin (alpha2M), apoliprotein E, and plasminogen activators was detected in senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To explore a possible role of alpha2M in neurodegenerati...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6978
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas quite a number of previous reports have shown that the developing brain is vulnerable to protein deprivation, the mature CNS is usually considered resistant to this condition. To explore this assumption the present experimental model was built on groups of 2-month-old rats fed with a low-protein diet (8% casei...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(89)90081-2
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the cascade of events associated with cell death pathways that are involved with several forms of neurodegeneration. Recent findings show that in the Bax/Bak-dependent pathway of apoptosis, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria is a consequence of two carefully coordinated e...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.05.021
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the age of 31 days, Long-Evans female rats received electrolytic lesions either of the medial fimbria (N = 24), of the dorsal subcallosal fornix (N = 24), or of both structures (N = 24). Ten rats were used as sham-operated controls. Ten days later, half the rats of each lesion group received intrahippocampal grafts...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(87)90114-2
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were given unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions and tested 4 weeks later for rotational behavior elicited by either systemic or intranigral injections of dopamine agonists. Subsequently, transplants of fetal (E14) ventral mesencephalic (VM) or cortical tissue were implanted into the lesioned substantia nigra and ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.6359
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To analyze the role of endogenous opioids on epileptogenesis the effect of repeated doses of naloxone alone (NA) (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg every 15 min) or along with intermittent photic stimulation (NPS) (1, 3, and 10 Hz) was tested on acute "Encephale isolé" cats. The electrical activity recordings of sensorimotor cortex (...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(88)90001-5
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is an animal model of the human disease Guillain-Barré syndrome. In this autoimmune inflammatory disease, CD4(+) T cells mediate demyelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Infiltrating macrophages and T cells as well as cytokines like interferon (IFN)-gamma are intimat...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7662
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Convection-enhanced delivery has recently entered the clinic and represents a promising new therapeutic option in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and treatment of brain tumors. Understanding of the principles governing delivery and flow of macromolecules within the CNS is still poorly understood and requires m...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.07.009
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurogenesis continues in various regions of the central nervous system (CNS) throughout life. As the mitogen basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can proliferate neuronal precursors of CNS neurons in culture, and is also upregulated within adult dorsal root ganglia following axotomy, it is possible that the postnata...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7761
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ibuprofen is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory analgesic drug, although it is not amongst the first-line treatments for neuropathic pain. Its main effects are mediated by non-specific inhibition of COX enzymes, but it also exerts some COX-independent effects, such as the inhibition of RhoA signaling and the modula...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.11.008
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kindling is traditionally viewed as a chronic, focal epilepsy model which consistently induces complex partial seizures from limbic structures in animals. This study revealed that primary or exceedingly rapid secondary generalized seizures could also be kindled when stimulation was applied to the lateral geniculate nu...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(84)90063-3
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five female adult Macaca nemestrina monkeys, given a unilateral intracarotid (ic) infusion of 2.3-3.5 mg of MPTP-HCl, were studied for 6-8 years. Two to 3 days after MPTP, the animals developed hemiparkinsonism characterized by rigidity and flexed posture of the arm contralateral to the side of infusion with episodes ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6845
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::One approach to repair of transected nerves is to attempt extrinsic guidance of axons across the gaps. We inserted the proximal and distal stumps of severed mouse sciatic nerves into opposite ends of biodegradable polyester tubes. The nerves and ensheathing tubes were examined after postoperative survival times of as ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(85)90162-1
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three-day-old rats received an infusion of a small dose of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (12 micrograms) directly into the locus ceruleus nuclei, in order to induce a subtotal lesion of the noradrenergic system. Significant modifications in cerebellum maturation were observed, mainly a regression failure in the perisomat...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(85)90120-7
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo studies have shown that high blood concentrations of pituitary-adrenocortical hormones can activate the hippocampal cholinergic terminals. Incubation of hippocampal synaptosomal preparations with methylprednisolone, or with ACTH at concentrations comparable to stress-induced high concentrations in plasma, did ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(87)90078-1
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Administration of endogenous corticosterone to intact animals induces calbindin-D28k protein in the hippocampal CA1-CA2 subfields. The fact that this effect on calbindin-D28k was shown to be specific for the hippocampus argues for a receptor-mediated effect on gene expression. In addition, chronic pretreatment with co...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1997.6729
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep and behavioral monitoring of young mice is necessary for understating the progress of symptoms in congenital and acquired diseases associated with sleep and movement disorders. In the current study, we have developed a non-invasive sleep monitoring system that identifies wake and sleep patterns of newborn mice u...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.08.004
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The age-dependent effects of sympathetic superior cervical ganglionectomy on smooth muscle alpha-adrenoceptor contractile responses were investigated in Müller's muscle in the superior eyelid of the Sprague-Dawley rat. Ganglionectomies in juvenile (32 days) and adult (70 days) rats produced sustained sympathetic dener...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90031-2
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypobaric hypoxia has been implicated with neural degeneration and memory loss. Though there has been considerable knowledge on the role of the p75(NTR) in triggering apoptosis, the occurrence of a similar mechanism in hypoxic stress still remains to be explored. We, in the present study, have tried to explore the rol...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.01.030
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptive responses in glutamate and opioid receptor systems in limbic circuits are emerging as a critical component of the neural plasticity induced by chronic use of abused substances. The present commentary reviews findings from neuroanatomical studies, with superior spatial resolution, that support a cellular basis...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.03.016
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional relations between hippocampal lamellae, the modular units arranged in parallel in the hippocampal formation, were studied in the guinea pig in experiments of evoked field potential analysis. Perforant path volleys, synaptically elicited by stimulation of the dorsal hippocampal commissure, were used to activ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(83)90080-8
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chorea, psychiatric disturbances, and dementia. It is caused by a polyglutamine repeat expansion in the huntingtin protein. The striatum is a major site of neuronal loss in HD, but the mechanisms underlying the neurodegenerative pro...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2000.7434
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00