Hypoglycemic brain damage.

Abstract:

:Hypoglycemia was long considered to kill neurons by depriving them of glucose. We now know that hypoglycemia kills neurons actively from without, rather than by starvation from within. Hypoglycemia only causes neuronal death when the EEG becomes flat. This usually occurs after glucose levels have fallen below 1 mM (18 mg/dl) for some period, depending on body glycogen reserves. At the time that abrupt brain energy failure occurs, the excitatory amino acid aspartate is massively released into the limited brain extracellular space and floods the excitatory amino acid receptors located on neuronal dendrites. Calcium fluxes occur and membrane breaks in the cell lead rapidly to neuronal necrosis. Significant neuronal necrosis occurs after 30 min of electrocerebral silence. Other neurochemical changes include energy depletion to roughly 25% of control, phospholipase and other enzyme activation, tissue alkalosis and a tendency for all cellular redox systems to shift towards oxidation. The neurochemistry of hypoglycemia thus differs markedly from ischemia. Hypoglycemia often differs from ischemia in its neuropathologic distribution, a phenomenon applicable in forensic practice. The border-zone distribution of global ischemia is not seen, necrosis of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus can occur and a predilection for the superficial layers of the cortex is sometimes seen. Cerebellum and brainstem are universally spared in hypoglycemic brain damage. Hypoglycemia constitutes a unique metabolic brain insult.

journal_name

Forensic Sci Int

authors

Auer RN

doi

10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.08.001

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-12-16 00:00:00

pages

105-10

issue

2-3

eissn

0379-0738

issn

1872-6283

pii

S0379-0738(04)00431-1

journal_volume

146

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Simple techniques to detect and identify phentermine adulteration.

    abstract::Phentermine capsules labelled Ionamin were suspected of being counterfeit. Examination of the contents revealed no phentermine, but caffeine and phenylpropanolamine. The usual microcrystalline and spectrodensitometry was used to confirm results of spectrophotometric identity tests. ...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0379-0738(83)90144-5

    authors: Hadzija BW,Mattocks AM

    更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00

  • Studies on asphyxia: lipids in the alveoli of rats in hypoxic state.

    abstract::Biochemical characterization in alveolar lavage fluids of rats which had inhaled 5% oxygen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide was studied in comparison with control rats. The protein content, consisting mainly of serum albumin, markedly increased in the hypoxic states. The phospholipid content also increased one and ...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0379-0738(89)90088-1

    authors: Takahashi H,Kuroki Y,Morita M,Tabata N

    更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00

  • The chronology of third molar mineralization in the Austrian population--a contribution to forensic age estimation.

    abstract::The aim of the present study was to determine the chronology of third molar mineralization and to establish Austrian reference data. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was undertaken by evaluating 610 panoramic radiographs in order to assess the mineralization status of the mandibular third molars of Austrian male and...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.08.014

    authors: Meinl A,Tangl S,Huber C,Maurer B,Watzek G

    更新日期:2007-07-04 00:00:00

  • Estimation of age from the femur of Japanese cadavers.

    abstract::The purpose of this study is to estimate the age of cadavers by histomorphometry of the femur. Seventy-two Japanese males ranged from 43 days to 92 years old and 26 females ranged from 2 to 88 years old were used. The thickness of sections was adjusted at 50 to 70 microns by grinding with sand paper. The sections were...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(98)00136-4

    authors: Watanabe Y,Konishi M,Shimada M,Ohara H,Iwamoto S

    更新日期:1998-11-30 00:00:00

  • A comparative in situ decomposition study using still born piglets and leaf litter from a deciduous forest.

    abstract::A cadaver and dead plant organic matter, or litter, are rich energy sources that undergo a complex decomposition process, which impact the surrounding environmental microbiota. Advances in molecular microbiology techniques, with study of the 16S RNA genes, in particular, have highlighted the application of forensic ec...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.04.024

    authors: Olakanye AO,Nelson A,Ralebitso-Senior TK

    更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00

  • Analysis of 418 cases of sexual assault.

    abstract::The aim of the study was to describe victim, assailant, assault characteristics for sexual assault victims according to the time between the last sexual assault and the examination, and to provide descriptive data on medico-legal findings. The study was based on 418 examined victims of sexual assault during the year 1...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00427-9

    authors: Grossin C,Sibille I,Lorin de la Grandmaison G,Banasr A,Brion F,Durigon M

    更新日期:2003-01-28 00:00:00

  • Clinical applications of hair testing for drugs of abuse--the Canadian experience.

    abstract::During the last 2 decades there has been a substantial increase in illicit drug consumption in North America. It has been repeatedly shown that the personal history of drug use is far from being accurate. Fearing legal consequences and embarrassment of admitted illicit substance use, most users tend to deny or, to und...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00171-1

    authors: Klein J,Karaskov T,Koren G

    更新日期:2000-01-10 00:00:00

  • The history of child abuse.

    abstract::Though the child abuse syndrome is usually considered to have been first described in the middle of the present century, references to child abuse occur throughout history and in the 19th century, detailed descriptions were published in the French medical literature. ...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0379-0738(86)90008-3

    authors: Knight B

    更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00

  • The history of forensic medicine in times of the Weimar republic and national socialism--an approach.

    abstract::German Forensic Medicine established the tasks and aims of forensic medicine during the period of the "Weimar Republic" (1919-1933). Since 1925, forensic medicine is part of the medical examination regulation. In times of the 3rd Reich (1933-1945), most of forensic pathologists were influenced by and involved in Natio...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.044

    authors: Lignitz E

    更新日期:2004-09-10 00:00:00

  • Tearing of knicker fabrics.

    abstract::In Dunedin (South Island, New Zealand), a sexual assault is reported to police approximately once every two to three weeks, with some reports fictitious. Identifying a fictitious claim is difficult, and damage to apparel, especially knickers, may be the only form of evidence. In this paper, the tear behaviour of three...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.10.029

    authors: Dann TJ,Carr DJ,Laing RM,Niven BE,Kieser J

    更新日期:2012-04-10 00:00:00

  • Fracture analysis of tube boiler for physical explosion accident.

    abstract::Material and failure analysis techniques are key tools for determining causation in case of explosive and bursting accident result from material and process defect of product in the field of forensic science. The boiler rupture generated by defect of the welding division, corrosion, overheating and degradation of the ...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.07.036

    authors: Kim ES

    更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00

  • Methadone extraction from minimal amounts of biological fluids.

    abstract::A new solid phase extraction method was studied to extract methadone from small amounts of biological samples, by using little disposable columns prepacked with reverse phase sorbents. Two different commercial kinds of reversed phase columns prepacked with octadecylsilane (ODS) were tested; the results were compared t...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0379-0738(86)90157-x

    authors: Chiarotti M,Offidani C,de Giovanni N

    更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00

  • Quantitative assessment of evidential weight for a fingerprint comparison. Part II: a generalisation to take account of the general pattern.

    abstract::The authors have proposed a quantitative method for assessing weight of evidence in the case where a fingermark from a crime scene is compared with a set of control prints from the ten fingers of a suspect. The approach is based on the notion of calculating a Likelihood Ratio (LR) that addresses a pair of propositions...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.08.008

    authors: Neumann C,Evett IW,Skerrett JE,Mateos-Garcia I

    更新日期:2012-01-10 00:00:00

  • Analysis of pain management drugs, specifically fentanyl, in hair: application to forensic specimens.

    abstract::This article discusses the immunoassay screening of pain management drugs, and the mass spectrometric confirmation of fentanyl in human hair. Hair specimens were screened for fentanyl, opiates (including oxycodone), tramadol, propoxyphene, carisoprodol, methadone, and benzodiazepines and any positive results were conf...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.06.027

    authors: Moore C,Marinetti L,Coulter C,Crompton K

    更新日期:2008-03-21 00:00:00

  • Chat Analysis Triage Tool: Differentiating contact-driven vs. fantasy-driven child sex offenders.

    abstract::Investigating crimes against children, specifically sexual solicitations, are complicated because not all offenders are contact-driven, meaning they want to meet the minor for sex in the physical world; instead, some offenders are fantasy-driven, in that they are more interested in cybersex and role-play. In addition,...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.028

    authors: Seigfried-Spellar KC,Rogers MK,Rayz JT,Yang SF,Misra K,Ringenberg T

    更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00

  • An anatomical and photographic technique for forensic facial identification.

    abstract::The increase in the use of photographs on individual identification credentials such as driving licences, credit cards, security passes and passports has led, for the purpose of criminal activities, to the falsification of genuine documents bearing photographs of the perpetrating criminal. These photographs may be use...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00290-5

    authors: Porter G,Doran G

    更新日期:2000-11-13 00:00:00

  • Haemorrhages in head tissues during the asphyxiation process.

    abstract::Two rates of carbon dioxide flow into the termination chamber were applied for the euthanasia of rats. The classical phases of asphyxia were observed in both groups of animals although their course was prolonged in rats exposed to the lower gas flow. The haemorrhages were assessed histologically in the following struc...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00591-6

    authors: Hauser R,Jankowski Z,Gos T,Krzyzanowski M

    更新日期:2001-12-27 00:00:00

  • Computerized reconstruction of fragmentary skeletal remains.

    abstract::This research presents a new software, "Fragmento", for accurate analyses of fragmentary human skeletal remains and facilitation of three-dimensional (3D) fragmentary matching and full bone reconstruction. The framework utilizes the power of statistical bone atlases to create 3D templates for bone matching and to inte...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.03.017

    authors: Mahfouz MR,Mustafa A,Abdel Fatah EE,Herrmann NP,Langley NR

    更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00

  • Guidelines for international forensic bio-archaeology monitors of mass grave exhumations.

    abstract::The systematic exhumation of mass graves is becoming a frequent occurrence globally. Historically, it has been mostly anthropologists with their particular expertise in osteology that have been engaged by non-governmental organizations (NGO) to monitor mass grave exhumations and postmortem examinations, conducted by a...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 指南,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00124-5

    authors: Skinner M,Alempijevic D,Djuric-Srejic M

    更新日期:2003-07-08 00:00:00

  • A structure-reactivity relationship driven approach to the identification of a color test protocol for the presumptive indication of synthetic cannabimimetic drugs of abuse.

    abstract::The number of analyses of synthetic cannabimimetic drugs of abuse by forensic laboratories in the United States grew rapidly from 2010 to 2012 and then declined somewhat in 2013. In 2010, according to the National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS), 3,287 reports by federal, state and local forensic labora...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.06.027

    authors: Isaacs RCA

    更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00

  • GJA1 gene variations in sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome in the Chinese Han population.

    abstract::Sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS) is a conundrum to both forensic pathologists and physicians, more than 80% of which the molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. Reported studies on both clinical and genetic phenotypes suggest SUNDS is related to congenital and acquired arrhythmias. Recent researches...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.12.006

    authors: Wu Q,Wu Y,Zhang L,Zheng J,Tang S,Cheng J

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Homicide during teenage years--the ten year Metro-Dade County experience from 1973 to 1982.

    abstract::This article studies teenage homicide victims in Metro-Dade County, Miami, FL, U.S.A., between the years 1973 through 1982. A total of 263 cases were selected. Cases were then analyzed with respect to age, race, sex, cause of death, scene circumstances, alcohol and drugs detected at autopsy. A discussion follows that ...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0379-0738(84)90190-7

    authors: Copeland AR

    更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00

  • Aged fingerprints for DNA profile: First report of successful typing.

    abstract::Fingerprint detection and Short Tandem Repeat (STR) typing are two approaches used for identification of individuals. The main goal of forensic laboratories is the development of a standardized protocol to obtain an STR profile from latent fingerprints, by typing the DNA transferred onto touched objects. The results o...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109905

    authors: Romano CG,Mangiaracina R,Donato L,D'Angelo R,Scimone C,Sidoti A

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • Analysis of beveling in gunshot entrance wounds.

    abstract::The analysis of skeletal trauma is an important aspect of forensic case work. Yet most major pathology references devote limited attention to this topic. The aim of this paper is to analyze beveling in gunshot entrance wounds, from a series of 27 cases with a total of 39 wounds. Assessment was made by measuring the ex...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(98)00030-9

    authors: Quatrehomme G,Işcan MY

    更新日期:1998-04-22 00:00:00

  • Injuries to the hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilages: effectiveness of different methods of medico-legal investigation.

    abstract::The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of effectiveness of the most widely used methods for medico-legal examination of the hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilages, i.e. palpation, radiography and complete preparation. A consecutive study of 137 cases of hanging (including 20 cases of roentgenological analysis...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(97)00101-1

    authors: Khokhlov VD

    更新日期:1997-08-22 00:00:00

  • DNA forensics and the poaching of wildlife in Italy: a case study.

    abstract::DNA molecular techniques were used in a forensic investigation involving the poaching of wildlife in a national park of Italy. A poacher, after having snared a wild boar (Sus scrofa) sow, knifed it to death. The animal was retrieved by conservation officers at the scene before the poacher could remove the carcass. Sub...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.032

    authors: Lorenzini R

    更新日期:2005-10-29 00:00:00

  • Osteometric sex discrimination from the sternal extremity of the fourth rib in a recent forensic sample from Southwestern Spain.

    abstract::The discrimination of sex is central to the process of establishing a personal identification from human skeletal remains. Previous study has demonstrated that osteometric analysis of the sternal extremity of the fourth rib provides a reasonably accurate method for assessing this biological attribute in diverse human ...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.09.007

    authors: Macaluso PJ Jr,Rico A,Santos M,Lucena J

    更新日期:2012-11-30 00:00:00

  • Effect of pigmentation on the drug deposition in hair of grey-haired subjects.

    abstract::The hair samples of 15 grizzled patients with a permanent medical treatment by amitriptyline, carbamazepine, chlorprothixene, diclofenac, doxepine, indomethacine, maprotiline or metoclopramide, or with a chronic heroin and cocaine abuse were separated into white and pigmented fibers and both fractions were independent...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(96)02048-8

    authors: Rothe M,Pragst F,Thor S,Hunger J

    更新日期:1997-01-17 00:00:00

  • Two cases of unexpected sudden death due to cystic medionecrosis of the aorta associated with bloodless aortic dissection.

    abstract::The autopsy findings from two rare cases of sudden death concerning a 31- and a 44-year-old woman are reported. Autopsy and morphological examination revealed a dissection of the aorta but no rupture into the pericardial sac. In both cases mucoid deposits in all layers of the media and rarefication of the elastic fibe...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(98)00062-0

    authors: Dettmeyer R,Schmidt P,Madea B

    更新日期:1998-06-22 00:00:00

  • Terraskin® the paper made from stone: a study of a new writing support for forensic purposes.

    abstract::Can a mineral paper be called paper? Until now all known writing supports have been ancient stones and tablets, parchment, and paper of vegetable origin, such as papyrus and fiber pulp paper. Some years ago polymeric banknotes appeared in Australia, and in 2004 mineral paper (stone plus polymer) emerged as an ecologic...

    journal_title:Forensic science international

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.02.018

    authors: Ezcurra M

    更新日期:2012-07-10 00:00:00