Structure of the acrosomal bundle.

abstract：:The lack of a reliable theory of glass physics has led to the pursuit of correlations between various glass or viscous liquid parameters, one of which is the slope m of the plot of log(viscosity) against Tg/T, extrapolated at the glass-transition temperature, Tg, also termed 'fragility'. Novikov and Sokolov conclude t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yannopoulos SN,Johari GP

更新日期：2006-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Growing concern about how loss of biodiversity will affect ecosystems has stimulated numerous studies. Although most studies have assumed that species go extinct randomly, species often go extinct in order of their sensitivity to a stress that intensifies through time (such as climate change). Here we show that the co...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ives AR,Cardinale BJ

更新日期：2004-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The two-dimensional electron system is a powerful laboratory for investigating the physics of interacting particles. Application of a large magnetic field produces massively degenerate quantum levels known as Landau levels; within a Landau level the kinetic energy of the electrons is suppressed, and electron-electron ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dial OE,Ashoori RC,Pfeiffer LN,West KW

更新日期：2010-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The variable (V) regions of heavy and light immunoglobulin chains are encoded by multiple germline DNA elements which are assembled into complete variable-region genes in precursor(pre-) B lymphocytes. The heavy-chain V region (VH) is assembled from three separate germline DNA elements, the variable (VH), diversity (D...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Reth MG,Ammirati P,Jackson S,Alt FW

更新日期：1985-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Several viral and bacterial live recombinant vaccine vehicles are being developed to produce a new generation of vaccines against a broad spectrum of infectious diseases. The human tuberculosis vaccine Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has features that make it a particularly attractive live recombina...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Aldovini A,Young RA

更新日期：1991-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Juxtaposition between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria is a common structural feature, providing the physical basis for intercommunication during Ca(2+) signalling; yet, the molecular mechanisms controlling this interaction are unknown. Here we show that mitofusin 2, a mitochondrial dynamin-related protein ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： de Brito OM,Scorrano L

更新日期：2008-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The mobilization of aluminium from acidic forest soils is arguably the most ecologically important consequence of acid deposition in the environment because of its adverse effects on soils, forest vegetation and surface water. Here we show that there has been a significant decline in the concentrations of aluminium sp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Palmer SM,Driscoll CT

更新日期：2002-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Sodium channels in plasma membranes can be blocked by a large variety of toxins and local anaesthetics. This property, however, is not confined to relatively large molecules. For instance, extracellularly applied small ions like hydrogen may also prevent the passive transport of permeant cations across open Na+ channe...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wanke E,Carbone E,Testa PL

更新日期：1980-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:We are facing a global metabolic health crisis provoked by an obesity epidemic. Here we report the human gut microbial composition in a population sample of 123 non-obese and 169 obese Danish individuals. We find two groups of individuals that differ by the number of gut microbial genes and thus gut bacterial richness...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Le Chatelier E,Nielsen T,Qin J,Prifti E,Hildebrand F,Falony G,Almeida M,Arumugam M,Batto JM,Kennedy S,Leonard P,Li J,Burgdorf K,Grarup N,Jørgensen T,Brandslund I,Nielsen HB,Juncker AS,Bertalan M,Levenez F,Pons N,

更新日期：2013-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The interplay of evolution and development has been at the heart of evolutionary theory for more than a century. Heterochrony—change in the timing or rate of developmental events—has been implicated in the evolution of major vertebrate lineages such as mammals, including humans. Birds are the most speciose land verteb...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bhullar BA,Marugán-Lobón J,Racimo F,Bever GS,Rowe TB,Norell MA,Abzhanov A

更新日期：2012-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclosporin A, a cyclic undecapeptide, is a potent immunosuppressant that binds to a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase of 165 amino acids, cyclophilin. The cyclosporin A/cyclophilin complex inhibits the calcium- and calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin, resulting in a failure to activate genes encoding inte...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Thériault Y,Logan TM,Meadows R,Yu L,Olejniczak ET,Holzman TF,Simmer RL,Fesik SW

更新日期：1993-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Fas is a type-I membrane protein that transduces an apoptotic signal. Binding of Fas ligand or agonistic anti-Fas antibody to Fas kills the cells by apoptosis. Studies in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have suggested that proteases such as interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) or the product of the C. elegan...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Enari M,Hug H,Nagata S

更新日期：1995-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The well known trade-off between hardness and toughness (resistance to fracture) makes simultaneous improvement of both properties challenging, especially in diamond. The hardness of diamond can be increased through nanostructuring strategies1,2, among which the formation of high-density nanoscale twins - crystalline ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yue Y,Gao Y,Hu W,Xu B,Wang J,Zhang X,Zhang Q,Wang Y,Ge B,Yang Z,Li Z,Ying P,Liu X,Yu D,Wei B,Wang Z,Zhou XF,Guo L,Tian Y

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotide sequence of the RNA polymerase binding site at a promotor on fd RF DNA has been determined in comparison with the starting sequence of RNA initiated at this promoter. The RNA polymerase binding site contained the startpoint of transcription in the centre and a region with twofold symmetry in the non-tra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sugimoto K,Okamoto T,Sugisaki H,Takanami M

更新日期：1975-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Direct lineage reprogramming represents a remarkable conversion of cellular and transcriptome states. However, the intermediate stages through which individual cells progress during reprogramming are largely undefined. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing at multiple time points to dissect direct reprogramming from ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Treutlein B,Lee QY,Camp JG,Mall M,Koh W,Shariati SA,Sim S,Neff NF,Skotheim JM,Wernig M,Quake SR

更新日期：2016-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Nearly all protocols requiring shared quantum information--such as quantum teleportation or key distribution--rely on entanglement between distant parties. However, entanglement is difficult to characterize experimentally. All existing techniques for doing so, including entanglement witnesses or Bell inequalities, dis...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Walborn SP,Souto Ribeiro PH,Davidovich L,Mintert F,Buchleitner A

更新日期：2006-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Steroid hormone receptors are a class of cell-specific trans-acting transcription regulatory factors whose activity is controlled by specific binding of the hormone. The hormone-receptor complex appears to associate with promoter/enhancer elements of specific target genes, resulting in activation of transcription (see...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Green S,Chambon P

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cognitive ethology focuses on the study of animals under natural conditions to reveal ecologically adapted modes of learning. But biologists can more easily study what an animal learns than how it learns. For example, honeybees take repeated 'orientation' flights before becoming foragers at about three weeks of age. T...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Capaldi EA,Smith AD,Osborne JL,Fahrbach SE,Farris SM,Reynolds DR,Edwards AS,Martin A,Robinson GE,Poppy GM,Riley JR

更新日期：2000-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of our current knowledge about mitochondria has come from studying patients who have respiratory chain disorders. These disorders comprise a large collection of individually rare syndromes, each presenting in a unique and often devastating way. In recent years, there has been great progress in defining their gene...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vafai SB,Mootha VK

更新日期：2012-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of strong serological responses to protein antigens in experimental animals usually requires the use of potent adjuvants, most of which cannot be used in human or veterinary vaccines because of deleterious side effects. Attempting to circumvent this problem, we have assessed an adjuvant-free antigen-del...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carayanniotis G,Barber BH

更新日期：1987-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrothermal vents are ephemeral because of frequent volcanic and tectonic activities associated with crust formation. Although the larvae of hydrothermal vent fauna can rapidly colonize new vent sites separated by tens to hundreds of kilometres, the mechanisms by which these larvae disperse and recruit are not unders...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Marsh AG,Mullineaux LS,Young CM,Manahan DT

更新日期：2001-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The gal operon of Escherichia coli is controlled by two independent promotors--one is activated and the other inhibited by cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP receptor protein. The two promotors are modulated, however, by the same operator locus and receptor protein. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Adhya S,Miller W

更新日期：1979-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell surface molecules have been implicated in cell interactions which underlie formation of the nervous system. The analysis of the functional properties of such molecules has profited from the combined use of antibodies and cell culture systems. It has been suggested that the interplay between these molecules modula...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kruse J,Mailhammer R,Wernecke H,Faissner A,Sommer I,Goridis C,Schachner M

更新日期：1984-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:During formation of the neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine receptors in the endplate membrane become metabolically stabilized under neural control, their half-life increasing from about 1 day to about 10 days. The metabolic stability of the receptors is regulated by the electrical activity induced in the muscle by ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rotzler S,Schramek H,Brenner HR

更新日期：1991-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:More than twelve morphologically and physiologically distinct subtypes of primary somatosensory neuron report salient features of our internal and external environments1-4. It is unclear how specialized gene expression programs emerge during development to endow these subtypes with their unique properties. To assess t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sharma N,Flaherty K,Lezgiyeva K,Wagner DE,Klein AM,Ginty DD

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some people inherit an unfortunate combination of genetic sequences, such that exposure to an external trigger causes their immune response to turn on their own tissues. Although mutations in a single gene can cause autoimmunity, most autoimmune diseases are associated with several sequence variants. Marked advances i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rioux JD,Abbas AK

更新日期：2005-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The proton-activated chloride channel (PAC) is active across a wide range of mammalian cells and is involved in acid-induced cell death and tissue injury1-3. PAC has recently been shown to represent a novel and evolutionarily conserved protein family4,5. Here we present two cryo-electron microscopy structures of human...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ruan Z,Osei-Owusu J,Du J,Qiu Z,Lü W

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly rearranged and mutated cancer genomes present major challenges in the identification of pathogenetic events driving the neoplastic transformation process. Here we engineered lymphoma-prone mice with chromosomal instability to assess the usefulness of mouse models in cancer gene discovery and the extent of cross...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Maser RS,Choudhury B,Campbell PJ,Feng B,Wong KK,Protopopov A,O'Neil J,Gutierrez A,Ivanova E,Perna I,Lin E,Mani V,Jiang S,McNamara K,Zaghlul S,Edkins S,Stevens C,Brennan C,Martin ES,Wiedemeyer R,Kabbarah O,Noguei

更新日期：2007-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:SEVERAL dioecious marine brown algae have been valuable in studying chemical communication during sexual reproduction. For example, female gametes of Ectocarpus siliculosus, Cutleria multifida and Fucus serratus secrete olefinic hydrocarbons into the seawater to attract male gametes(1-3). A more complex system is foun...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Müller DG,Gassmann G,Lüning K

更新日期：1979-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Structural fluctuations in proteins on the picosecond timescale have been studied in considerable detail by theoretical methods such as molecular dynamics simulation, but there exist very few experimental data with which to test the conclusions. We have used the technique of inelastic neutron scattering to investigate...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Doster W,Cusack S,Petry W

更新日期：1989-02-23 00:00:00