Abstract：
:The two-dimensional electron system is a powerful laboratory for investigating the physics of interacting particles. Application of a large magnetic field produces massively degenerate quantum levels known as Landau levels; within a Landau level the kinetic energy of the electrons is suppressed, and electron-electron interactions set the only energy scale. Coulomb interactions break the degeneracy of the Landau levels and can cause the electrons to order into complex ground states. Here we observe, in the high energy single particle spectrum of this system, salient and unexpected structure that extends across a wide range of Landau level filling fractions. The structure appears only when the two-dimensional electron system is cooled to very low temperatures, indicating that it arises from delicate ground state correlations. We characterize this structure by its evolution with changing electron density and applied magnetic field, and present two possible models for understanding these observations. Some of the energies of the features agree qualitatively with what might be expected for composite fermions, which have proven effective for interpreting other experiments in this regime. At the same time, a simple model with electrons localized on ordered lattice sites also generates structure similar to that observed in the experiment. Neither of these models alone is sufficient to explain the observations across the entire range of densities measured. The discovery of this unexpected prominent structure in the single particle spectrum of an otherwise thoroughly studied system suggests that there exist core features of the two-dimensional electron system that have yet to be understood.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Dial OE,Ashoori RC,Pfeiffer LN,West KWdoi
10.1038/nature08941subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-03-25 00:00:00pages
566-70issue
7288eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature08941journal_volume
464pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:Excavations at the early Neolithic site of Jiahu in Henan Province, China have produced what may be the earliest complete, playable, tightly-dated multinote musical instruments. Jiahu was occupied from 7000 BC to 5700 BC, considerably antedating the well known Peiligang culture. Here we describe six exquisitely made c...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/43865
更新日期：1999-09-23 00:00:00
abstract：:X-chromosome inactivation results in the strictly cis-limited inactivation of many but not all genes on one of the two X chromosomes during early development in somatic cells of mammalian females. One feature of virtually all models of X inactivation is the existence of an X-inactivation centre (XIC) required in cis f...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/349082a0
更新日期：1991-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The widely occurring tetradecapeptide somatostatin (SRIF-14) has been variously implicated as a neurotransmitter, a neurohormone, a cybernin (local regulatory factor) and a hormone. In the first isolation of SRIF-14 from hypothalamic extracts and subsequent extracts of other tissues, peptides of higher molecular weigh...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/291076a0
更新日期：1981-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA mismatch repair is critical for increasing replication fidelity in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. MutS protein, a member of the ABC ATPase superfamily, recognizes mispaired and unpaired bases in duplex DNA and initiates mismatch repair. Mutations in human MutS genes cause a predisposition to hereditary...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35037509
更新日期：2000-10-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of many T-cell functions depends on their interaction with antigen-presenting accessory cells which express I region associated (Ia) products. Cells expressing accessory cell function include those of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and dendritic cells. More recently, B cells and a number of tumour cell lin...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/304442a0
更新日期：1983-08-04 00:00:00
abstract：:In mice, the Ter mutation causes primordial germ cell (PGC) loss in all genetic backgrounds. Ter is also a potent modifier of spontaneous testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) susceptibility in the 129 family of inbred strains, and markedly increases TGCT incidence in 129-Ter/Ter males. In 129-Ter/Ter mice, some of the r...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03595
更新日期：2005-05-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The assessment of changes in tropical cyclone activity within the context of anthropogenically influenced climate change has been limited by the short temporal resolution of the instrumental tropical cyclone record (less than 50 years). Furthermore, controversy exists regarding the robustness of the observational reco...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12882
更新日期：2014-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) mega-enzyme complexes are modular assembly lines that are involved in the biosynthesis of numerous peptide metabolites independently of the ribosome. The multiple interactions between catalytic domains within the NRPS machinery are further complemented by additional interactions...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature14141
更新日期：2015-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of ions on the light-sensitive current of retinal rods was studied by sucking the inner segment into a tightly fitting capillary with the outer segment projecting into a flowing solution. This new method showed that the light-sensitive pathway, in which Na+ is the normal carrier of current, has an ionic sel...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/292502a0
更新日期：1981-08-06 00:00:00
abstract：:T200, a major cell-surface glycoprotein on lymphoid cells, exists in several forms with different electrophoretic mobilities. These forms have been correlated with different classes of lymphoid cell. The smaller forms, with molecular weights (MWs) of congruent to 170,000 and 180,000 are found predominantly on T cells ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/289681a0
更新日期：1981-02-19 00:00:00
abstract：:On the basis of the anti-correlation of their palaeoclimatic proxy for the strength of the East Asian winter monsoon from Lake Huguang Maar, China, with stalagmite records of the strength of the summer monsoon, Yancheva et al. claim that the strengths of the summer and winter monsoons are anti-correlated on a decadal ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06338
更新日期：2007-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A type Ia supernova is thought to be a thermonuclear explosion of either a single carbon-oxygen white dwarf or a pair of merging white dwarfs. The explosion fuses a large amount of radioactive (56)Ni (refs 1-3). After the explosion, the decay chain from (56)Ni to (56)Co to (56)Fe generates γ-ray photons, which are rep...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature13672
更新日期：2014-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：:A mutant form of the alpha-isoform of protein kinase C (PKC) was recently isolated from an ultraviolet radiation-induced murine fibrosarcoma cell line and reported to transform mouse BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts on transfection. Four point mutations in the regulatory domain were assumed to be responsible for its oncogenicit...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/353078a0
更新日期：1991-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is highly regulated by environmental influences, and functionally implicated in behavioural responses to stress and antidepressants1-4. However, how adult-born neurons regulate dentate gyrus information processing to protect from stress-induced anxiety-like be...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0262-4
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large-conductance (BK type) Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels are essential for modulating muscle contraction and neuronal activities such as synaptic transmission and hearing. BK channels are activated by membrane depolarization and intracellular Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) (refs 6-10). The energy provided by voltage, Ca(2+) and ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature00941
更新日期：2002-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The enzyme cytochrome c nitrite reductase catalyses the six-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonia as one of the key steps in the biological nitrogen cycle, where it participates in the anaerobic energy metabolism of dissimilatory nitrate ammonification. Here we report on the crystal structure of this enzyme from th...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/22802
更新日期：1999-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Most patients with cancer either do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade or develop resistance to it, often because of acquired mutations that impair antigen presentation. Here we show that loss of function of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 in tumour cells profoundly sensitizes tumours to immunotherapy and overcome...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0768-9
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains are the least understood tectonic feature on Earth, because they are completely hidden beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Their high elevation and youthful Alpine topography, combined with their location on the East Antarctic craton, creates a paradox that has puzzled researchers...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10566
更新日期：2011-11-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Jupiter's aurora is the most powerful in the Solar System. It is powered largely by energy extracted from planetary rotation, although there seems also to be a contribution from the solar wind. This contrasts with Earth's aurora, which is generated through the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere. The ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35071018
更新日期：2001-04-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The origin of mutations is central to understanding evolution and of key relevance to health. Variation occurs non-randomly across the genome, and mechanisms for this remain to be defined. Here we report that the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments have significantly increased levels of nucleotide substitution, indicating a ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature14183
更新日期：2015-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain metastasis represents a substantial source of morbidity and mortality in various cancers, and is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapy. Here we define the role of the most abundant cell type in the brain, the astrocyte, in promoting brain metastasis. We show that human and mouse breast and lung cancer...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature18268
更新日期：2016-05-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Organ-specific metastasis is governed, in part, by interactions between chemokine receptors on cancer cells and matching chemokines in target organs. For example, malignant breast cancer cells express the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and commonly metastasize to organs that are an abundant source of the CXCR4-specific liga...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01874
更新日期：2003-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent discovery of CD4(+) T cells characterized by secretion of interleukin (IL)-17 (T(H)17 cells) and the naturally occurring regulatory FOXP3(+) CD4 T cell (nT(reg)) has had a major impact on our understanding of immune processes not readily explained by the T(H)1/T(H)2 paradigm. T(H)17 and nT(reg) cells have b...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07021
更新日期：2008-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The cloning and characterization of 'clock gene' families has advanced our understanding of the molecular control of the mammalian circadian clock. We have analysed the human genome for additional relatives, and identified new candidate genes that may expand our knowledge of the molecular workings of the circadian clo...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35057006
更新日期：2001-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) are essential for learning about environmental stimuli associated with motivationally relevant outcomes. The task of signalling such events, both rewarding and aversive, from the VTA to the NAc has largely been ascribed to dopamine neurons. The VTA also cont...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11657
更新日期：2012-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacteria living within eukaryotic cells can be essential for the survival or reproduction of the host but in other cases are among the most successful pathogens. Environmental Chlamydiae, including strain UWE25, thrive as obligate intracellular symbionts within protozoa; are recently discovered relatives of major bact...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03131
更新日期：2004-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The establishment and maintenance of epigenetic gene silencing is fundamental to cell determination and function. The essential epigenetic systems involved in heritable repression of gene activity are the Polycomb group (PcG) proteins and the DNA methylation systems. Here we show that the corresponding silencing pathw...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04431
更新日期：2006-02-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The extent of allelic variation has been estimated at 46 structural gene loci within three major colonies of Swiss mice and between inbred derivative strains. The colonies have retained nearly the same amount and type of variation found in natural murine or human populations despite laboratory propagation for more tha...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/283157a0
更新日期：1980-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein modification by the conjugation of ubiquitin moieties--ubiquitination--plays a major part in many biological processes, including cell cycle and apoptosis. The enzymes that mediate ubiquitin-conjugation have been well-studied, but much less is known about the ubiquitin-specific proteases that mediate de-ubiqui...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01811
更新日期：2003-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The generation of reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with defined genetic disorders holds the promise of increased understanding of the aetiologies of complex diseases and may also facilitate the development of novel therapeutic interventions. We have generated iPSCs from patients with L...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09005
更新日期：2010-06-10 00:00:00
