BRENDA, the enzyme database: updates and major new developments.

abstract：:VL30 genetic elements constitute a murine multicopy gene family that is retrovirus-like, despite the lack of sequence homology with any known retrovirus. Over one hundred copies of VL30 units are dispersed throughout the mouse genome. We report here that the mouse genome also contains 'solo' VL30 long terminal repeats...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Rotman G,Itin A,Keshet E

更新日期：1984-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is proving to be an useful and accurate model for eukaryotic DNA replication. It contains both DNA polymerase alpha (I) and delta (III). Recently, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which in mammalian cells is an auxiliary subunit of DNA polymerase delta and is essent...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Bauer GA,Burgers PM

更新日期：1990-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:We have reported on the differences in site-specific cleavage between DNA and DNA-RNA hybrids by various prototypic DNA cleavers (accompanying paper). In the case of bleomycin (BLM), degradation at 5'-GC-3'sites was suppressed relative to the same sequence in double-stranded DNA, while 5'-GT-3' damage remained constan...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Bansal M,Stubbe J,Kozarich JW

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cisplatin analogues were synthesised that consisted of platinum(II) diamine complexes tethered via a polymethylene chain ( n = 3, 5, 8 and 10) to a phenanthridinium cation. Both chloro and iodo leaving groups were examined. DNA adduct formation was quantitatively analysed using a linear amplification system with the p...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Whittaker J,McFadyen WD,Wickham G,Wakelin LP,Murray V

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The U1 snRNP-specific protein C contains an N-terminal zinc finger-like CH motif which is required for the binding of the U1C protein to the U1 snRNP particle. Recently a similar motif was reported to be essential for in vivo homodimerization of the yeast splicing factor PRP9. In the present study we demonstrate that ...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Gunnewiek JM,van Aarssen Y,Wassenaar R,Legrain P,van Venrooij WJ,Nelissen RL

更新日期：1995-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeted gene silencing by RNA interference allows the study of gene function in plants and animals. In cell culture and small animal models, genetic screens can be performed--even tissue-specifically in Drosophila--with genome-wide RNAi libraries. However, a major problem with the use of RNAi approaches is the unavoi...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Schulz JG,David G,Hassan BA

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor (GKLF or KLF4) is a pleiotropic (activating and repressive) transcription factor. This study characterizes the mechanisms of transactivation by GKLF. Using a GAL4 fusion assay, the activating domain of murine GKLF was localized to the 109 amino acid residues in the N-terminus. Site-dir...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Geiman DE,Ton-That H,Johnson JM,Yang VW

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed an improved method for photofootprinting in vivo which utilizes the thermostable DNA polymerase from T. aquaticus (Taq) in a primer extension assay. UV light is used to introduce photoproducts into the genomic DNA of intact yeast cells. The photoproducts are then detected and mapped at the nucleotide...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Axelrod JD,Majors J

更新日期：1989-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:An improved contact hybridization technique for the analysis of labelled RNA species is presented. The method combines high sensitivity of detection with the high resolution of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and should be especially useful for the characterization of transient RNA precursor molecules. Its applicat...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Burckhardt J,Telford J,Birnstiel ML

更新日期：1979-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:SLM2 and Sam68 are splicing regulator paralogs that usually overlap in function, yet only SLM2 and not Sam68 controls the Neurexin2 AS4 exon important for brain function. Herein we find that SLM2 and Sam68 similarly bind to Neurexin2 pre-mRNA, both within the mouse cortex and in vitro. Protein domain-swap experiments ...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Danilenko M,Dalgliesh C,Pagliarini V,Naro C,Ehrmann I,Feracci M,Kheirollahi-Chadegani M,Tyson-Capper A,Clowry GJ,Fort P,Dominguez C,Sette C,Elliott DJ

更新日期：2017-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:During S phase, the entire genome must be precisely duplicated, with no sections of DNA left unreplicated. Here, we develop a simple mathematical model to describe the probability of replication failing due to the irreversible stalling of replication forks. We show that the probability of complete genome replication i...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Newman TJ,Mamun MA,Nieduszynski CA,Blow JJ

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Human Gene and Protein Database (HGPD; http://www.HGPD.jp/) is a unique database that stores information on a set of human Gateway entry clones in addition to protein expression and protein synthesis data. The HGPD was launched in November 2008, and 33,275 human Gateway entry clones have been constructed from the ...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Maruyama Y,Kawamura Y,Nishikawa T,Isogai T,Nomura N,Goshima N

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcriptional promoter of satellite 2 from the eastern newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, was analyzed by assaying the activity of deleted or mutated satellite 2 clones in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Two elements in the promoter were found to be important for transcription. These elements have sequences that are simil...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Coats SR,Zhang Y,Epstein LM

更新日期：1994-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A gene encoding a putative DNA helicase from Staphylococcus aureus USA300 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein was purified to over 90% purity by chromatography. The purified enzyme, SauUSI, predominantly cleaves modified DNA containing 5mC and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Cleavage of 5mC-modified pla...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Xu SY,Corvaglia AR,Chan SH,Zheng Y,Linder P

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A minizyme is a hammerhead ribozyme with short oligonucleotide linkers instead of stem-loop II. In a previous study we demonstrated that a minizyme with high activity forms a dimeric structure with a common stem II. Because of their dimeric structure, minizymes are potentially capable of cleaving a substrate at two di...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Kuwabara T,Amontov SV,Warashina M,Ohkawa J,Taira K

更新日期：1996-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Southern blot analyses using reduced stringency hybridization conditions have been employed to search for sequence homologies between rodent VL30 genes and murine leukemia virus (MuLV) proviruses. These constitute two classes of transposon-like elements previously believed to be genetically unrelated. Our results demo...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Giri CP,Hodgson CP,Elder PK,Courtney MG,Getz MJ

更新日期：1983-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:PRMT5 is an arginine methyltransferase that accounts for the vast majority of the symmetric methylation in cells. PRMT5 exerts its function when complexed with MEP50/WDR77. This activity is often elevated in cancer cells and correlates with poor prognosis, making PRMT5 a therapeutic target. To investigate the PRMT5 si...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Gao G,Zhang L,Villarreal OD,He W,Su D,Bedford E,Moh P,Shen J,Shi X,Bedford MT,Xu H

更新日期：2019-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the gene of human RNase T2 are associated with white matter disease of the human brain. Although brain abnormalities (bilateral temporal lobe cysts and multifocal white matter lesions) and clinical symptoms (psychomotor impairments, spasticity and epilepsy) are well characterized, the pathomechanism of RN...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Thorn A,Steinfeld R,Ziegenbein M,Grapp M,Hsiao HH,Urlaub H,Sheldrick GM,Gärtner J,Krätzner R

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural transformation is a major mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria that depends on DNA recombination. RecA is central to the homologous recombination pathway, catalyzing DNA strand invasion and homology search. DprA was shown to be a key binding partner of RecA acting as a specific mediator for its lo...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Lisboa J,Andreani J,Sanchez D,Boudes M,Collinet B,Liger D,van Tilbeurgh H,Guérois R,Quevillon-Cheruel S

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The specific recognition of homopurine-homo pyrimidine regions in duplex DNA by triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) provides an attractive strategy for genetic manipulation. Alkylation of nucleobases with functionalized TFOs would have the potential for site-directed mutagenesis. Recently, we demonstrated that a T...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Nagatsugi F,Sasaki S,Miller PS,Seidman MM

更新日期：2003-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The National Genomics Data Center (NGDC), part of the China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB), provides a suite of database resources to support worldwide research activities in both academia and industry. With the explosive growth of multi-omics data, CNCB-NGDC is continually expanding, updating and enriching...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： CNCB-NGDC Members and Partners.

更新日期：2021-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The human beta-globin LCR plays a key role in the transcriptional regulation of the beta-globin locus and comprises four erythroid specific DNase I hypersensitive sites, designated 5'HS1-4. We have now isolated genomic clones containing 5'HS3 and 5'HS4 of the mouse beta-globin LCR. 5'HS3 and 5'HS4 are located 15 kb an...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Jiménez G,Gale KB,Enver T

更新日期：1992-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection of cultured cells with herpes simplex virus (HSV) results in the transcriptional induction of a small number of cellular genes. Although the majority of such genes are dependent upon viral protein synthesis for their induction, a small minority are not. These genes are induced by events occurring prior to th...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Kemp LM,Preston CM,Preston VG,Latchman DS

更新日期：1986-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The viral RNA (vRNA) genome of influenza viruses is replicated by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) via a complementary RNA (cRNA) intermediate. The vRNA promoter can adopt multiple conformations when bound by the RNAP. However, the dynamics, determinants, and biological role of these conformations are unknown; ...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Robb NC,Te Velthuis AJW,Fodor E,Kapanidis AN

更新日期：2019-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene stromelysin-3 ( ST3 ) has been shown to be tightly associated with cell migration and apoptosis inmammals and amphibians. This contrasts with most other MMP genes. We demonstrate here that the Xenopus ST3 gene also has a structure distinct from other MMP genes, wit...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Li J,Liang VC,Sedgwick T,Wong J,Shi YB

更新日期：1998-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A molecular rotor thioflavin T (ThT) is usually used as a fluorescent ligand specific for G-quadruplexes. Here, we demonstrate that ThT can tightly bind non-G-quadruplex DNAs with several GA motifs and dimerize them in a parallel double-stranded mode, accompanied by over 100-fold enhancement in the fluorescence emissi...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Liu S,Peng P,Wang H,Shi L,Li T

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The organelle genome database GOBASE, now in its 21st release (June 2008), contains all published mitochondrion-encoded sequences (approximately 913,000) and chloroplast-encoded sequences (approximately 250,000) from a wide range of eukaryotic taxa. For all sequences, information on related genes, exons, introns, gene...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： O'Brien EA,Zhang Y,Wang E,Marie V,Badejoko W,Lang BF,Burger G

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmids containing a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) expression unit were transfected into DHFR-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Methotrexate exposure was used to select cells with amplified DHFR sequences. Three cell lines were isolated containing amplified copies of transfected DNA that had integrated in...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Heartlein MW,Latt SA

更新日期：1989-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A method to purify histone groups H2A+H2B and H3+H4 using dissociation with NaCl and hydroxylapatite chromatography is presented. The procedure is simple, involves mild solvents, and provides milligram quantities of histones of high purity. The histone pairs prepared by this method can regenerate chromatin-like charac...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Simon RH,Felsenfeld G

更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of several classes of proto-oncogenes replicate during the first third of S-phase in two human (K562 erythroleukemia and HeLa), one Chinese hamster (CHO) and eight mouse cell lines. These cell lines exhibit a variety of specialized functions characteristic of pre-B and B cells, T cells and erythroid cells. The...

journal_title：Nucleic acids research

authors： Iqbal MA,Chinsky J,Didamo V,Schildkraut CL

更新日期：1987-01-12 00:00:00