Electroosmotic enhancement of the binding of a neutral molecule to a transmembrane pore.

abstract：:The amino-terminal 20 amino acids are required for microinjected ribonuclease A (RNase A) to be taken up by lysosomes and degraded at an enhanced rate during serum withdrawal. We used water-soluble carbodiimides to covalently attach the RNase S-peptide (residues 1-20) to [3H]RNase S-protein (residues 21-124) at unspec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Backer JM,Dice JF

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metals in one spatial dimension are described at the lowest energy scales by the Luttinger liquid theory. It is well understood that this free theory, and even interacting integrable models, can support ballistic transport of conserved quantities including energy. In contrast, realistic one-dimensional metals, even wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bulchandani VB,Karrasch C,Moore JE

更新日期：2020-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multigenic autoimmune disease, and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II polymorphism serves as a key genetic element. In SLE-prone (NZB x NZW)F(1) mice, the MHC H-2(d/z) heterozygosity (H-2(d) of NZB and H-2(z) of NZW) has a strong impact on disease; thus, congeni...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang D,Fujio K,Jiang Y,Zhao J,Tada N,Sudo K,Tsurui H,Nakamura K,Yamamoto K,Nishimura H,Shira T,Hirose S

更新日期：2004-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Most climate models are large dynamical systems involving a million (or more) variables on big computers. Given that they are nonlinear and not perfect, what can we expect to learn from them about the earth's climate? How can we determine which aspects of their output might be useful and which are noise? And how shoul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith LA

更新日期：2002-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:cDNA libraries were constructed from pathogenic (HM-1:IMSS) and nonpathogenic (SAW 1734) isolates of Entamoeba histolytica. A cDNA clone (cEH-P1) specific for pathogenic amoebae was identified by screening with a pool of sera from patients with invasive amoebiasis that had been absorbed with nonpathogenic amoebae. Thi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tannich E,Horstmann RD,Knobloch J,Arnold HH

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control a multitude of biological processes and are therefore subjected to multiple levels of regulation. Negative feedback is one of the mechanisms that provide an effective means to control RTK-mediated signaling. Sef has recently been identified as a specific antagonist of fibroblas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Preger E,Ziv I,Shabtay A,Sher I,Tsang M,Dawid IB,Altuvia Y,Ron D

更新日期：2004-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Human cells that suffer mild DNA damage can enter a reversible state of growth arrest known as quiescence. This decision to temporarily exit the cell cycle is essential to prevent the propagation of mutations, and most cancer cells harbor defects in the underlying control system. Here we present a mechanistic mathemat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heldt FS,Barr AR,Cooper S,Bakal C,Novák B

更新日期：2018-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurodegenerative diseases and noxious stimuli to the brain enhance transcription of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 (SGK1). Here, we report that the SGK1 gene encodes a brain-specific additional isoform, SGK1.1, which exhibits distinct regulation, properties, and functional effects. SGK1.1 decreases expres...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arteaga MF,Coric T,Straub C,Canessa CM

更新日期：2008-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:There are numerous studies on the immune response against malignant human tumors. This study was aimed to address the complexity and specificity of humoral immune response against a benign human tumor. We assembled a panel of 62 meningioma-expressed antigens that show reactivity with serum antibodies of meningioma pat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Comtesse N,Zippel A,Walle S,Monz D,Backes C,Fischer U,Mayer J,Ludwig N,Hildebrandt A,Keller A,Steudel WI,Lenhof HP,Meese E

更新日期：2005-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Aneuploidy, a chromosome content other than a multiple of the haploid number, is a common feature of cancer cells. Whole chromosomal aneuploidy accompanying ongoing chromosomal instability in mice resulting from reduced levels of the centromere-linked motor protein CENP-E has been reported to increase the incidence of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silk AD,Zasadil LM,Holland AJ,Vitre B,Cleveland DW,Weaver BA

更新日期：2013-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurophysiology is increasingly focused on identifying coincident activity among neurons. Strong inferences about neural computation are made from the results of such studies, so it is important that these results be accurate. However, the preliminary step in the analysis of such data, the assignment of spike waveform...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ventura V,Gerkin RC

更新日期：2012-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Hearing is one of the last sensory modalities to be subjected to genetic analysis in Drosophila melanogaster. We describe a behavioral assay for auditory function involving courtship among groups of males triggered by the pulse component of the courtship song. In a mutagenesis screen for mutations that disrupt the aud...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eberl DF,Duyk GM,Perrimon N

更新日期：1997-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The results of physicochemical studies of mammalian metallothioneins are summarized and used to propose a model of the protein. The primary structures of all mammalian metallothioneins are very homologous; there are 38 invariant residues and 20 of them are cysteines. The results of UV and CD optical studies indicated ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boulanger Y,Goodman CM,Forte CP,Fesik SW,Armitage IM

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our understanding of the molecular control of many disease pathologies requires the identification of direct substrates targeted by specific protein kinases. Here we describe an integrated proteomic strategy, termed kinase assay linked with phosphoproteomics, which combines a sensitive kinase reaction with endogenous ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xue L,Wang WH,Iliuk A,Hu L,Galan JA,Yu S,Hans M,Geahlen RL,Tao WA

更新日期：2012-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A mouse monoclonal antibody (7E6A5) of IgG isotype, reacting specifically with mucin-producing goblet cells of the human gastrointestinal tract, has been developed. 7E6A5 reacts by an ELISA with colonic protein eluted from a DEAE column. A screening by immunoperoxidase assay of 76 specimens from 19 different human tis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vecchi M,Sakamaki S,Diamond B,Novikoff AB,Novikoff PM,Das KM

更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the products of the K and D loci of the H-2 complex as target antigens for cytotoxic T cells generated to modified syngeneic cells has been investigated. Spleen cells, when cocultured with trinitrophenyl-derivatized syngeneic cells, generate cytolytic T cells that lyse most effectively tumor or spleen targ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burakoff SJ,Germain RN,Dorf ME,Benacerrah B

更新日期：1976-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is a widely expressed IL-12p40-related protein that associates as a heterodimer with either IL-12p35 or an IL-12p35 homologue, p28, to create a new cytokine (IL-27). To define the function of EBI3 in vivo, we generated knockout mice in which the ebi3 gene was targeted by homolo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nieuwenhuis EE,Neurath MF,Corazza N,Iijima H,Trgovcich J,Wirtz S,Glickman J,Bailey D,Yoshida M,Galle PR,Kronenberg M,Birkenbach M,Blumberg RS

更新日期：2002-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) affect many cell functions, the molecular mechanisms of TNF and IL-1 action are not understood. Our present study shows that exposure of human FS-4 fibroblasts to TNF or IL-1 caused a rapid accumulation of intracellular cAMP and an increase in protein kinas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang YH,Lin JX,Yip YK,Vilcek J

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrins contain two structurally homologous but distantly related domains: an I-like domain that is present in all beta-subunits and an I domain that is present in some alpha-subunits. Atomic resolution and mutagenesis studies of alpha I domains demonstrate a C-terminal, axial displacement of the alpha7-helix that a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang W,Shimaoka M,Chen J,Springer TA

更新日期：2004-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an oncogenic herpesvirus, encodes two small RNAs (EBERs) that are expressed at high levels during latent transformation of human B lymphocytes. Here we report that a 15-kDa cellular protein called EAP (for EBER associated protein), previously shown to bind EBER1, is in fact the ribosomal prot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Toczyski DP,Matera AG,Ward DC,Steitz JA

更新日期：1994-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:There is considerable evidence that links the activation of cellular genes to oncogenesis. We previously reported that structural rearrangements in the cellular oncogene c-erbB correlate with the development of erythroblastosis induced by avian leukosis virus (ALV). c-erbB recently has been shown to be related to the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raines MA,Lewis WG,Crittenden LB,Kung HJ

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Underactivity of the glutamatergic system is an attractive model for the pathophysiology of several major mental illnesses. We previously described a chromosome abnormality disrupting the kainate class ionotropic glutamate receptor gene, GRIK4/KA1, in an individual with schizophrenia and learning disability (mental re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pickard BS,Knight HM,Hamilton RS,Soares DC,Walker R,Boyd JK,Machell J,Maclean A,McGhee KA,Condie A,Porteous DJ,St Clair D,Davis I,Blackwood DH,Muir WJ

更新日期：2008-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The delta-subspecies of protein kinase C (delta PKC) was purified to near homogeneity from the Triton X-100 extract of the rat brain particulate fraction by successive chromatographies on S-Sepharose fast flow, phenyl 5PW, heparin 5PW, hydroxyapatite, and Mono Q columns. The purified enzyme was a doublet with molecula...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ogita K,Miyamoto S,Yamaguchi K,Koide H,Fujisawa N,Kikkawa U,Sahara S,Fukami Y,Nishizuka Y

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vivo phage display identifies peptides that selectively home to the vasculature of individual organs, tissues, and tumors. Here we report the identification of a cyclic nonapeptide, CPGPEGAGC, which homes to normal breast tissue with a 100-fold selectivity over nontargeted phage. The homing of the phage is inhibite...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Essler M,Ruoslahti E

更新日期：2002-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is highly expressed in mammalian skeletal muscle, but its functional role has not been defined. NO has been implicated in the local metabolic regulation of blood flow in contracting skeletal muscle in part by antagonizing sympathetic vasoconstriction. We therefore h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thomas GD,Sander M,Lau KS,Huang PL,Stull JT,Victor RG

更新日期：1998-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-7 functions as a trophic factor during T lymphocyte development by a mechanism that is partly based on the induction of Bcl-2, which protects cells from apoptosis. Here we report a mechanism by which cytokine withdrawal activates the prodeath protein Bax. On loss of IL-7 in a dependent cell line, Bax protein transl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Khaled AR,Kim K,Hofmeister R,Muegge K,Durum SK

更新日期：1999-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We resolve the 3D trajectory and the orientation of individual cells for extended times, using a digital tracking technique combined with 3D reconstructions. We have used this technique to study the motility of the uniflagellated bacterium Caulobacter crescentus and have found that each cell displays two distinct mode...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu B,Gulino M,Morse M,Tang JX,Powers TR,Breuer KS

更新日期：2014-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Disulfide bonds have only rarely been found in intracellular proteins. That pattern is consistent with the chemically reducing environment inside the cells of well-studied organisms. However, recent experiments and new calculations based on genomic data of archaea provide striking contradictions to this pattern. Our r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mallick P,Boutz DR,Eisenberg D,Yeates TO

更新日期：2002-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Research on global patterns of diversity has been dominated by studies seeking explanations for the equator-to-poles decline in richness of most groups of organisms, namely the latitudinal diversity gradient. A problem with this gradient is that it conflates two key explanations, namely biome stability (age and area) ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Colville JF,Beale CM,Forest F,Altwegg R,Huntley B,Cowling RM

更新日期：2020-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:P-glycoprotein is an ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporter that actively transports chemically diverse substrates across the lipid bilayer. The precise molecular mechanism underlying transport is not fully understood. Here, we present crystal structures of a eukaryotic P-glycoprotein homolog, CmABCB1 from Cyanidi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kodan A,Yamaguchi T,Nakatsu T,Sakiyama K,Hipolito CJ,Fujioka A,Hirokane R,Ikeguchi K,Watanabe B,Hiratake J,Kimura Y,Suga H,Ueda K,Kato H

更新日期：2014-03-18 00:00:00