Genomic DNA differences between pathogenic and nonpathogenic Entamoeba histolytica.

abstract：:Atherosclerosis is a complex disease resulting from the interaction of multiple genes. We have used the Ldlr knockout mouse model in an interspecific genetic cross to map atherosclerosis susceptibility loci. A total of 174 (MOLF/Ei x B6.129S7-Ldlr(tm1Her)) x C57BL/6J-Ldlr(tm1Her) backcross mice, homozygous for the Ldl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Welch CL,Bretschger S,Latib N,Bezouevski M,Guo Y,Pleskac N,Liang CP,Barlow C,Dansky H,Breslow JL,Tall AR

更新日期：2001-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas all mammals have one glutamate dehydrogenase gene (GLUD1), humans and apes carry an additional gene (GLUD2), which encodes an enzyme with distinct biochemical properties. We inserted a bacterial artificial chromosome containing the human GLUD2 gene into mice and analyzed the resulting changes in the transcript...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li Q,Guo S,Jiang X,Bryk J,Naumann R,Enard W,Tomita M,Sugimoto M,Khaitovich P,Pääbo S

更新日期：2016-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleus accumbens (NAc) regulates motivated behavior by, in part, processing excitatory synaptic projections from several brain regions. Among these regions, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral amygdala, convey executive control and affective states, respectively. Whereas glutamatergic synaptic transmissio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suska A,Lee BR,Huang YH,Dong Y,Schlüter OM

更新日期：2013-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown that a scanning transmission electron microscope with a high brightness field emission source is capable of obtaining better than 3 A resolution using 30 to 40 keV electrons. Elastic dark field images of single atoms of uranium and mercury are shown which demonstrate this fact as determined by a modified...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wall J,Langmore J,Isaacson M,Crewe AV

更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent success of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in the treatment of cancer has led to a revived interest in microtubule-destabilizing agents. Here, we determined the high-resolution crystal structure of the complex between tubulin and maytansine, which is part of an ADC that is approved by the US Food and Drug A...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Prota AE,Bargsten K,Diaz JF,Marsh M,Cuevas C,Liniger M,Neuhaus C,Andreu JM,Altmann KH,Steinmetz MO

更新日期：2014-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:In the developing cerebellum, switching of the subunit composition of NMDA receptors occurs in granule cells from NR2B-containing receptors to NR2C-containing ones. We investigated the mechanisms underlying switching of NR2B and NR2C subunit composition in primary cultures of mouse granule cells at the physiological K...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Iijima K,Abe H,Okazawa M,Moriyoshi K,Nakanishi S

更新日期：2008-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:T-box riboswitches control transcription of downstream genes through the tRNA-binding formation of terminator or antiterminator structures. Previously reported T-boxes were described as single-specificity riboswitches that can bind specific tRNA anticodons through codon-anticodon interactions with the nucleotide tripl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saad NY,Stamatopoulou V,Brayé M,Drainas D,Stathopoulos C,Becker HD

更新日期：2013-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The adenoviral E1A oncogene sensitizes mammalian cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in part by repressing the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B)-dependent defense against this cytokine. Other E1A activities involve binding to either p300/cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CBP) or retinoblasto...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cook JL,Walker TA,Worthen GS,Radke JR

更新日期：2002-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurements of submicron particles by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in 14 campaigns in North America, Asia, South America, and Europe were used to identify characteristic organic functional group compositions of fuel combustion, terrestrial vegetation, and ocean bubble bursting sources, each of which often ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Russell LM,Bahadur R,Ziemann PJ

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the manner in which the sea urchin larva takes up calcium from its body cavity into the primary mesenchymal cells (PMCs) that are responsible for spicule formation. We used the membrane-impermeable fluorescent dye calcein and alexa-dextran, with or without a calcium channel inhibitor, and imaged the la...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vidavsky N,Addadi S,Schertel A,Ben-Ezra D,Shpigel M,Addadi L,Weiner S

更新日期：2016-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Inbred Lewis (LEW/N) female rats develop an arthritis in response to group A streptococcal cell wall peptidoglycan polysaccharide (SCW), which mimics human rheumatoid arthritis. Histocompatible Fischer (F344/N) rats do not develop arthritis in response to the same SCW stimulus. To evaluate this difference in inflammat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sternberg EM,Hill JM,Chrousos GP,Kamilaris T,Listwak SJ,Gold PW,Wilder RL

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both 2-lysophosphatidylcholine and cis-unsaturated fatty acids were previously shown to intensify agonist-induced cellular responses by enhancing the diacylglycerol-dependent activation of protein kinase C. Consistent with these observations, extracellular, secretory group II phospholipase A2, when added directly to h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Asaoka Y,Yoshida K,Sasaki Y,Nishizuka Y,Murakami M,Kudo I,Inoue K

更新日期：1993-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:During tRNA biosynthesis the 5'-leader sequences in precursor tRNAs are removed by the ribonucleoprotein RNase P, an enzyme whose RNA moiety is required for activity. To clarify some aspects of the enzyme mechanism, we examined substrate binding and product formation with mutant precursor tRNAs. Mutations G-1----A or ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nichols M,Söll D,Willis I

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is triggered and regulated by structural rearrangement of the transmembrane heptahelical bundle containing a number of highly conserved residues. In rhodopsin, a prototypical GPCR, the helical bundle accommodates an intrinsic inverse-agonist 11-cis-retinal, which under...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okada T,Fujiyoshi Y,Silow M,Navarro J,Landau EM,Shichida Y

更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The major virulence determinant of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii, has remained unresolved since the discovery of the lethal line in the 1970s. Because virulence in this parasite correlates with the ability to invade different types of erythrocytes, we evaluated the potential role of the parasite eryth...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Otsuki H,Kaneko O,Thongkukiatkul A,Tachibana M,Iriko H,Takeo S,Tsuboi T,Torii M

更新日期：2009-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin provides a classical model of a globular protein, yet how the hormone changes conformation to engage its receptor has long been enigmatic. Interest has focused on the C-terminal B-chain segment, critical for protective self-assembly in β cells and receptor binding at target tissues. Insight may be obtained fro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Menting JG,Yang Y,Chan SJ,Phillips NB,Smith BJ,Whittaker J,Wickramasinghe NP,Whittaker LJ,Pandyarajan V,Wan ZL,Yadav SP,Carroll JM,Strokes N,Roberts CT Jr,Ismail-Beigi F,Milewski W,Steiner DF,Chauhan VS,Ward CW,Weis

更新日期：2014-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Under conditions (0.2% CO2; 1% O2) that allow high rates of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence was measured simultaneously with carbon assimilation at various light intensities in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves. Using a stoichiometry of 3 ATP/CO2 and the known relationship between ATP synthesis rate and driv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schönknecht G,Neimanis S,Katona E,Gerst U,Heber U

更新日期：1995-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of diverse neuronal types and subtypes from multipotent progenitors during development is crucial for assembling functional neural circuits in the adult central nervous system. During mouse retinogenesis, early retinal progenitors give rise to several cell types, including ganglion, amacrine, horizontal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luo H,Jin K,Xie Z,Qiu F,Li S,Zou M,Cai L,Hozumi K,Shima DT,Xiang M

更新日期：2012-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) plays a vital role in the maintenance of the viral genome and is the only viral protein expressed in nearly all forms of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency and EBV-associated diseases, including numerous cancer types. To our knowledge, no specific agent against EBV genes or protein...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jiang L,Lung HL,Huang T,Lan R,Zha S,Chan LS,Thor W,Tsoi TH,Chau HF,Boreström C,Cobb SL,Tsao SW,Bian ZX,Law GL,Wong WT,Tai WC,Chau WY,Du Y,Tang LHX,Chiang AKS,Middeldorp JM,Lo KW,Mak NK,Long NJ,Wong KL

更新日期：2019-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) requires proteolytic processing of the replicase polyprotein by two viral cysteine proteases, a chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and a papain-like protease (PLpro). These proteases are important targets for development of antiviral drugs...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ratia K,Saikatendu KS,Santarsiero BD,Barretto N,Baker SC,Stevens RC,Mesecar AD

更新日期：2006-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A soluble 27-kDa protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae specifically prevents the inactivation of various enzymes caused by a nonenzymatic Fe3+/O2/thiol mixed-function oxidation system but not by mixed-function oxidation systems in which the thiol component is replaced by another electron donor-e.g., ascorbate. In this...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim IH,Kim K,Rhee SG

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutamine synthetase (GS) is expressed in the neural retina only in Muller glia cells and is inducible with cortisol. A chicken genomic clone that contains at least part of the coding region for the GS enzyme was used to investigate developmental changes in the level of GS mRNA in embryonic chicken retina. A major GS ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vardimon L,Fox LE,Moscona AA

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ALS is a terminal disease of motor neurons that is characterized by accumulation of proteinaceous deposits in affected cells. Pathological deposition of mutated Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) accounts for ∼20% of the familial ALS (fALS) cases. However, understanding the molecular link between mutation and disease h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ivanova MI,Sievers SA,Guenther EL,Johnson LM,Winkler DD,Galaleldeen A,Sawaya MR,Hart PJ,Eisenberg DS

更新日期：2014-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We have tested the effect of increased ribosomal fidelity on a modified version of the programmed release factor 2 (RF2) translational frameshift. In the constructs tested, the original UGA codon at the site of the shift was replaced by either of two sense codons, UGG (tryptophan), which allows a frameshift of approxi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sipley J,Goldman E

更新日期：1993-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The bactericidal effects of antibiotics are undoubtedly triggered by target-specific interactions, but there is growing evidence that an important aspect of cytotoxicity results from treatment-induced metabolic perturbations. In this study, we characterized molecular mechanisms whereby trimethoprim treatment results i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Giroux X,Su WL,Bredeche MF,Matic I

更新日期：2017-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly purified preparations of trp repressor (TrpR) protein derived from Escherichia coli strains that were engineered to overexpress this material were found to contain another protein, of 21 kDa. The second protein, designated WrbA [for tryptophan (W) repressor-binding protein] remained associated with its namesake...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang W,Ni L,Somerville RL

更新日期：1993-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Global warming is expected to lead to a large increase in atmospheric water vapor content and to changes in the hydrological cycle, which include an intensification of precipitation extremes. The intensity of precipitation extremes is widely held to increase proportionately to the increase in atmospheric water vapor c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Gorman PA,Schneider T

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After exposure of segments of rabbit taenia coli to the nonionic detergent Triton X-100, tension could be induced by increasing the [Ca2+] in the micromolar range. In the presence of a saturating [Ca2+], this preparation developed nearly 100% of the control tetanus tension recorded from the intact muscle prior to the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gordon AR

更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Let E and F be vector bundles and D:E --> F an operator of order k. We associate a sequence of invariants ((l))(D), l >/= 0 with D which generalize the concept of curvature in a natural way. In the case where D = D(theta) is the differential operator of a connection theta on a vector bundle E, ((1))(D(theta)) is the c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Knapp RE

更新日期：1973-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spatial working memory or short-term place memory is impaired in schizophrenia. The efficiency of antipsychotic drugs, particularly of typical antipsychotics, on cognitive deficit in schizophrenia remains disputable. Inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) 2A/2C receptors is important for cognitive improvement in schizophrenic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bubenikova-Valesova V,Stuchlik A,Svoboda J,Bures J,Vales K

更新日期：2008-01-22 00:00:00