Abstract:
:Spatial working memory or short-term place memory is impaired in schizophrenia. The efficiency of antipsychotic drugs, particularly of typical antipsychotics, on cognitive deficit in schizophrenia remains disputable. Inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) 2A/2C receptors is important for cognitive improvement in schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotics. The aim of the present work was to establish the effect of the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist ritanserin (2.5 or 5 mg/kg), the dopamine D2 antagonist haloperidol (0.1 or 1 mg/kg), and the atypical antipsychotic risperidone (0.1 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg), which is an antagonist of both 5-HT2A/2C and D2 receptors, on cognitive deficit induced by subchronic administration of dizocilpine (MK-801, 0.1 mg/kg). We used the active allothetic place avoidance (AAPA) task, requiring the rat to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant stimuli, in a way similar to disruption of information processing disturbed in schizophrenic patients. Our results show that treatment with 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonists, regardless of their effect on D2 receptors, blocked the cognitive impairment produced by MK-801. Haloperidol did not sufficiently reduce the deficit in AAPA induced by MK-801. Interestingly, administration of risperidone and haloperidol alone, but not ritanserin, impaired the AAPA performance in intact rats. Ritanserin and risperidone actually improve cognition independently of their effect on locomotor activity in an animal model of schizophrenia-like behavior. This finding is in accordance with the assumption that some antipsychotics are primarily effective against cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Bubenikova-Valesova V,Stuchlik A,Svoboda J,Bures J,Vales Kdoi
10.1073/pnas.0711273105subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-22 00:00:00pages
1061-6issue
3eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0711273105journal_volume
105pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Society places value on the multiple functions of ecosystems from soil fertility to erosion control to wildlife-carrying capacity, and these functions are potentially threatened by ongoing biodiversity losses. Recent empirically based models using individual species' traits suggest that higher species richness is requ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0906829107
更新日期:2010-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Bovine testicular beta-galactosidase (beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) is rapidly and selectively assimilated by human skin fibroblasts. The assimilation of the enzyme is strongly inhibited by mannose 6-phosphate and by a glycoprotein fraction isolated from bovine testes (glycoprotein inhibitors). The...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.9.4235
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytoskeletal filaments assemble into dense parallel, antiparallel, or disordered networks, providing a complex environment for active cargo transport and positioning by molecular motors. The interplay between the network architecture and intrinsic motor properties clearly affects transport properties but remains poorl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1900416116
更新日期:2019-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Arabidopsis has been popular as a model plant system for decades. Completion of the Arabidopsis genome and the availability of large expressed sequence-tag collections from other dicot species provides an opportunity to assess gene content in Arabidopsis, specifically by identifying genes from dicot test species that ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.142126599
更新日期:2002-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::The local conformations of proteins and peptides are determined by the amino acid sequence. However, the 20 amino acids encoded by the genome allow the peptide backbone to fold into many conformations, so that even for a small peptide it becomes very difficult to predict the three-dimensional structure. By using empir...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.7.2649
更新日期:1994-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::Immune responses can interfere with the effective use of therapeutic proteins to treat genetic deficiencies and have been challenging to manage. To address this problem, we adapted and studied methods of immune tolerance used in canine organ transplantation research to soluble protein therapeutics. A tolerization regi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0305480101
更新日期:2004-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits destruction of both gray and white matter, which is exacerbated by secondary proinflammatory responses. Although white matter injury (WMI) is strongly correlated with poor neurological status, the maintenance of white matter integrity is poorly understood, and no current the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1501441112
更新日期:2015-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosome 3p and 1p deletions are among the most frequent genetic changes in human lung cancer and although candidate tumor suppressor genes have been identified in these regions, no causative correlations have been drawn between deletion or mutation of these and lung carcinogenesis. We identify XPC and Gadd45a as ge...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0503133102
更新日期:2005-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::The study of gene family members has been aided by the isolation of related genes on the basis of DNA homology. We have adapted the polymerase chain reaction to screen animal genomes very rapidly and reliably for likely gene family members. Using conserved amino acid sequences to design degenerate oligonucleotide prim...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.12.4372
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice carrying mutations in either the dominant white-spotting (W) or Steel (Sl) loci exhibit deficits in melanogenesis, gametogenesis, and hematopoiesis. W encodes the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase, while Sl encodes the Kit ligand, Steel factor, and the receptor-ligand pair are contiguously expressed at anatomical site...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.5.1808
更新日期:1996-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Broken-cell preparations of Salmonella typhimurium rapidly incorporated 75Se from 75SeO3(2-) into tRNA by an ATP-dependent process. Selenium incorporation in the presence of 50 microM 75SeO3(2-) (0.8-1 pmol per A260 unit) was enhanced by the selenocysteine precursor, O-acetyl-L-serine (to 3.7 pmol per A260 unit). This...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.16.6341
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major late transcriptional unit of adenovirus type 2 has served as a model for studying transcription in eukaryotes. We report that pausing and premature termination are intrinsic to the transcription of this transcriptional unit by RNA polymerase II. In vivo and in isolated nuclei, transcription pauses at discret...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.19.5931
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in vaccine technology over the past two centuries have facilitated far-reaching impact in the control of many infections, and today's emerging vaccines could likewise open new opportunities in the control of several diseases. Here we consider the potential, population-level effects of a particular class of em...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1209683109
更新日期:2012-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein interactions at the synaptic vesicle/plasma membrane interface play an essential role in neurotransmitter release. The membrane-proximal region (amino acids 77-90) of the v-SNARE vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP 2,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0303274101
更新日期:2004-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Charge transport (CT) through the DNA base pairs provides a means to promote redox reactions at a remote site and potentially to effect signaling between molecules bound to DNA. Here we describe the oxidation of a cell-cycle regulatory protein, p53, from a distance through DNA-mediated CT. A consensus p53 binding site...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0709326104
更新日期:2007-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::There is not a single pharmaceutical that halts or even slows any neurodegenerative disease. Mounting evidence shows that prions cause many neurodegenerative diseases, and arguably, scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions represent the best therapeutic targets. We report here that the previously identified 2-amin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1317164110
更新日期:2013-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Galectin-3 is a glycan-binding protein (GBP) that binds β-galactoside glycan structures to orchestrate a variety of important biological events, including the activation of hepatic stellate cells and regulation of immune responses. While the requisite glycan epitopes needed to bind galectin-3 have long been elucidated...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2009206117
更新日期:2020-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::In nonneuronal cells, several plasma membrane proteins such as exofacial enzymes, receptors, and ion channels recycle between their intracellular compartment(s) and the cell surface via an endosomal pathway. In neurons, however, this pathway has not been extensively characterized. In particular, it remains unclear whe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.1.183
更新日期:1998-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::We determined the crystal structure of the Escherichia coli nucleoid-associated HUalphabeta protein by x-ray diffraction and observed that the heterodimers form multimers with octameric units in three potential arrangements, which may serve specialized roles in different DNA transaction reactions. It is of special imp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611686104
更新日期:2007-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::With Manduca sexta as a model system, we analyzed how natural odor mixtures that are most effective in eliciting flight and foraging behaviors are encoded in the primary olfactory center in the brain, the antennal lobe. We used gas chromatography coupled with multiunit neural-ensemble recording to identify key odorant...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0910592106
更新日期:2009-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::The massive forests of central Amazonia are often considered relatively resilient against climatic variation, but this view is challenged by the wildfires invoked by recent droughts. The impact of such fires that spread from pervasive sources of ignition may reveal where forests are less likely to persist in a drier f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1617988114
更新日期:2017-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::We present a mandible recovered in 2003 from the Aurora Stratum of the TD6 level of the Gran Dolina site (Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain). The specimen, catalogued as ATD6-96, adds to the hominin sample recovered from this site in 1994-1996, and assigned to Homo antecessor. ATD6-96 is the left half of a gracile m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0501841102
更新日期:2005-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::New experiments using scanning probe microcopies and advanced optical methods allow us to study molecules as individuals, not just as populations. The findings of these studies not only include the confirmation of results expected from studies of bulk matter, but also give substantially new information concerning the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.20.11075
更新日期:1999-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Delayed gastric ulcer healing is a well recognized problem associated with the use of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. In contrast, NO-releasing COX inhibitors do not interfere with ulcer healing. These divergent effects may in part be due to differences in their effects on platelets, which are known to influence ulce...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.202392199
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum from a patient (CO) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was reactive in immunoadherence assays with autologous leukemia cells but not with autologous blood lymphocytes or bone marrow cells during complete remission. Extensive absorption tests with an array of leukemia cells and normal cells were performed in order...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.8.2341
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) constitute a family of RNA-editing enzymes that convert adenosine to inosine within double-stranded regions of RNA. We previously developed a method to identify inosine-containing RNAs and used it to identify five ADAR substrates in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we use the s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.112704299
更新日期:2002-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas the importance of macrophages in chronic inflammatory diseases is well recognized, there is an increasing awareness that neutrophils may also play an important role. In addition to the well-documented heterogeneity of macrophage phenotypes and functions, neutrophils also show remarkable phenotypic diversity am...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1506254112
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several overlapping chromosomal deletions spanning the albino locus in the mouse cause perinatal lethality when homozygous and a block in the transcriptional induction of various unlinked hepatocyte-specific genes. Studies of such lethal albino deletion homozygotes in perinatal stages revealed a deficiency in the tran...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.14.6540
更新日期:1992-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::We suggested to 228 subjects in two experiments that, as children, they had had negative experiences with a fattening food. An additional 107 subjects received no such suggestion and served as controls. In Experiment 1, a minority of subjects came to believe that they had felt ill after eating strawberry ice cream as ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0504869102
更新日期:2005-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::We have recently identified a family of rhesus monkeys with members exhibiting a spontaneous hypercholesterolemia associated with a low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficiency. By using the polymerase chain reaction, we now show that the affected monkeys are heterozygous for a nonsense mutation in exon 6 of the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.8.3122
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00