Sustaining multiple ecosystem functions in grassland communities requires higher biodiversity.

abstract：:Somatic fungal hyphae are generally assumed to elongate at steady linear rates when grown under constant environmental conditions with ample nutrients. However, patterns of pulsed hyphal elongation were detected during apparent steady growth of hyphal tips in fungi from several major taxonomic groups (Oomycetes, Pythi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： López-Franco R,Bartnicki-Garcia S,Bracker CE

更新日期：1994-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We use computer simulations to study the thermodynamic properties of a glass-former in which a fraction c of the particles has been permanently frozen. By thermodynamic integration, we determine the Kauzmann, or ideal glass transition, temperature [Formula: see text] at which the configurational entropy vanishes. This...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ozawa M,Kob W,Ikeda A,Miyazaki K

更新日期：2015-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiplex assays, involving the simultaneous use of multiple circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) markers, can improve the performance of liquid biopsies so that they are highly predictive of cancer recurrence. We have developed a single-tube methylation-specific quantitative PCR assay (mqMSP) that uses 10 different methylat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jin S,Zhu D,Shao F,Chen S,Guo Y,Li K,Wang Y,Ding R,Gao L,Ma W,Lu T,Li D,Zhang Z,Cai S,Liang X,Song H,Ji L,Li J,Zheng Z,Jiang F,Wu X,Luan J,Zhang H,Yang Z,Cantor CR,Xu C,Ding C

更新日期：2021-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The coexistence of two phylogenetically distinct symbiont species within a single cell, a condition not previously known in any metazoan, is demonstrated in the gills of a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent mussel (family Mytilidae). Large and small symbiont morphotypes within the gill bacteriocytes are shown to be ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Distel DL,Lee HK,Cavanaugh CM

更新日期：1995-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A major challenge of cancer immunotherapy is the persistence and outgrowth of subpopulations that lose expression of the target antigen. IL-15 is a potent cytokine that can promote organ-specific autoimmunity when up-regulated on tissue cells. Here we report that T cells eradicated 2-wk-old solid tumors that expressed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu RB,Engels B,Schreiber K,Ciszewski C,Schietinger A,Schreiber H,Jabri B

更新日期：2013-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Four 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-O-acetylphorbol-type tumor promoters--teleocidin, phorbol ester, aplysiatoxin, and ingenol ester--are superposed in an attempt to understand their common biological activity on the assumption that they may bind to the same receptor site. A method using three-dimensional computer graphics was...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Itai A,Kato Y,Tomioka N,Iitaka Y,Endo Y,Hasegawa M,Shudo K,Fujiki H,Sakai S

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca(2+) influx triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zone (AZ). Here we demonstrate a role of Ras-related in brain 3 (Rab3)-interacting molecules 2α and β (RIM2α and RIM2β) in clustering voltage-gated CaV1.3 Ca(2+) channels at the AZs of sensory inner hair cells (IHCs). We show that IHCs of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jung S,Oshima-Takago T,Chakrabarti R,Wong AB,Jing Z,Yamanbaeva G,Picher MM,Wojcik SM,Göttfert F,Predoehl F,Michel K,Hell SW,Schoch S,Strenzke N,Wichmann C,Moser T

更新日期：2015-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat, but not human, erythrocytes undergo fusion promoted by the membrane-mobility agent 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethyl cis-8-(2-octylcyclopropyl)octanoate (A2C). The difference in behavior is correlated with rat erythrocyte membrane protein degradation caused by Ca2+-activated proteases. The human erythrocyte is deficient ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kosower NS,Glaser T,Kosower EM

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) protein plays a central role in sensing and responding to DNA double-strand breaks. Lymphoid cells are unique in undergoing physiologic double-strand breaks in the processes of Ig class switch recombination and T or B cell receptor V(D)J recombination, and a role for ATM in thes...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vacchio MS,Olaru A,Livak F,Hodes RJ

更新日期：2007-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The bacterial RsgA, a circularly permutated GTPase, whose GTPase activity is dependent on the 30S ribosomal subunit, is a late-stage ribosome biogenesis factor involved in the 30S subunit maturation. The role of RsgA is to release another 30S biogenesis factor, RbfA, from the mature 30S subunit in a GTP-dependent mann...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guo Q,Yuan Y,Xu Y,Feng B,Liu L,Chen K,Sun M,Yang Z,Lei J,Gao N

更新日期：2011-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Diversity in 39 HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules is derived from 20 amino acid positions of high variability and 71 positions of low variability. Variation in the structurally homologous alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains is distinct and may correlate with partial segregation of peptide and T-cell receptor binding functions. Comp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parham P,Lomen CE,Lawlor DA,Ways JP,Holmes N,Coppin HL,Salter RD,Wan AM,Ennis PD

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA, the C2 donor for de novo synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. We have identified 64 exons, including 7 alternatively spliced minor exons (1A, 1B, 1C, 3, 5A', 5A, and 5B) in human ACC1 gene ( approximately 330 kb). The gene is regulated by three pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mao J,Chirala SS,Wakil SJ

更新日期：2003-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Schaftoside and isoschaftoside are bioactive natural products widely distributed in higher plants including cereal crops and medicinal herbs. Their biosynthesis may be related with plant defense. However, little is known on the glycosylation biosynthetic pathway of these flavonoid di-C-glycosides with different sugar ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang ZL,Gao HM,Wang S,Zhang M,Chen K,Zhang YQ,Wang HD,Han BY,Xu LL,Song TQ,Yun CH,Qiao X,Ye M

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of two variant cDNAs [rat brain thyroid hormone receptor (rTR alpha) vI and vII], isolated from a rat brain cDNA library by using the Pst I fragment of v-erbA, showed virtual identity with the rat brain thyroid hormone receptor (rTR alpha) [Thompson, C. C., Weinberger,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitsuhashi T,Tennyson GE,Nikodem VM

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics caused by influenza A viruses are of continuous concern. The viral nonstructural (NS1) protein is a multifunctional virulence factor that antagonizes several host innate immune defenses during infection. NS1 also directly stimulates class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hale BG,Kerry PS,Jackson D,Precious BL,Gray A,Killip MJ,Randall RE,Russell RJ

更新日期：2010-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal mammary epithelial cells from BALB/cfC3H midpregnant mice were freed from stromal cell types by Percoll density gradient centrifugation after collagenase digestion and were then embedded within collagen gels. Sustained growth leading to an increase in cell number was accomplished in response to cholera toxin an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang J,Richards J,Guzman R,Imagawa W,Nandi S

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To evade their predators, animals must quickly detect potential threats, gauge risk, and mount a response. Putative neural circuits responsible for these tasks have been isolated in laboratory studies. However, it is unclear whether and how these circuits combine to generate the flexible, dynamic sequences of evasion ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hein AM,Gil MA,Twomey CR,Couzin ID,Levin SA

更新日期：2018-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by following a process of vesicle docking and exocytosis. Although these steps are well established, it has been difficult to observe and measure these rates directly in living synapses. Here, by combining the direct imaging of single synaptic vesicles and synaptic ribbons, I...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zenisek D

更新日期：2008-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular landers are molecules comprising of a central rigid molecular wire maintained above a metallic surface by organic spacers, which allows specific ultrahigh vacuum-scanning tunneling microscopy experiments to be performed at the single-molecule level. The understanding of the molecule-surface interactions, int...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moresco F,Gourdon A

更新日期：2005-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural network function requires an appropriate balance of excitation and inhibition to be maintained by homeostatic plasticity. However, little is known about homeostatic mechanisms in the intact central brain in vivo. Here, we study homeostatic plasticity in the Drosophila mushroom body, where Kenyon cells receive f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Apostolopoulou AA,Lin AC

更新日期：2020-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The reliability of (13)C NMR chemical shift correlations in the application of the "tool of increasing electron demand" to stable long-lived carbocationic systems is demonstrated by a comprehensive analysis of 22 stable aryl-substituted carbocationic systems. The observation of slopes of less than unity in such chemic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Olah GA,Berrier AL,Prakash GK

更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The conformational change in amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide from its monomeric form to aggregates is crucial in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the healthy brain, some unidentified chaperones appear to prevent the aggregation of Abeta. Here we reported that lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGD...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kanekiyo T,Ban T,Aritake K,Huang ZL,Qu WM,Okazaki I,Mohri I,Murayama S,Ozono K,Taniike M,Goto Y,Urade Y

更新日期：2007-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:High-resolution physical maps of the genomes of three Rhodobacter capsulatus strains, derived from ordered cosmid libraries, were aligned. The 1.2-Mb segment of the SB1003 genome studied here is adjacent to a 1-Mb region analyzed previously [Fonstein, M., Nikolskaya, T. & Haselkorn, H. (1995) J. Bacteriol. 177, 2368-2...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nikolskaya T,Fonstein M,Haselkorn R

更新日期：1995-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Rickettsiae are responsible for some of the most devastating human infections. A high infectivity and severe illness after inhalation make some rickettsiae bioterrorism threats. We report that deletion of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) gene, Epac1, in mice protects them from an ordinarily letha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gong B,Shelite T,Mei FC,Ha T,Hu Y,Xu G,Chang Q,Wakamiya M,Ksiazek TG,Boor PJ,Bouyer DH,Popov VL,Chen J,Walker DH,Cheng X

更新日期：2013-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The yeast auxiliary transcription factor GAL11, a candidate for the coactivator, was partially purified from yeast cells, and its function was characterized in a cell-free transcription system. The partially purified GAL11 protein stimulated basal transcription from the CYC1 core promoter by a factor of 4-5 at the ste...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sakurai H,Hiraoka Y,Fukasawa T

更新日期：1993-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:p21Sdi1 (also known as Cip1 and Waf1), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis cloned from senescent human fibroblasts, is an inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in vitro and is transcriptionally regulated by wild-type p53. In addition, p21Sdi1 has been found to inhibit DNA replication by direct interaction with pro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakanishi M,Adami GR,Robetorye RS,Noda A,Venable SF,Dimitrov D,Pereira-Smith OM,Smith JR

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Computational and biochemical studies implicate the blue-light sensor cryptochrome (CRY) as an endogenous light-dependent magnetosensor enabling migratory birds to navigate using the Earth's magnetic field. Validation of such a mechanism has been hampered by the absence of structures of vertebrate CRYs that have funct...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zoltowski BD,Chelliah Y,Wickramaratne A,Jarocha L,Karki N,Xu W,Mouritsen H,Hore PJ,Hibbs RE,Green CB,Takahashi JS

更新日期：2019-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:We report on the expression of thymidine kinase (tk) activity in synchronized populations of mouse cells that have been transformed to the tk+ phenotype with purified DNA from various sources or with metaphase chromosomes from human cells. The viral (herpes) tk gene is constitutively expressed but, in all other cases ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schlosser CA,Steglich C,deWet JR,Scheffler IE

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) cause familial ALS. Mutant SOD1 preferentially associates with the cytoplasmic face of mitochondria from spinal cords of rats and mice expressing SOD1 mutations. Two-dimensional gels and multidimensional liquid chromatography, in combination with tandem mass spectrometry, rev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li Q,Vande Velde C,Israelson A,Xie J,Bailey AO,Dong MQ,Chun SJ,Roy T,Winer L,Yates JR,Capaldi RA,Cleveland DW,Miller TM

更新日期：2010-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The "protein only" hypothesis states that the infectious agent causing transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is a conformational isomer of PrP, a host protein predominantly expressed in brain, and is strongly supported by many lines of evidence. Prion diseases are so far unique among conformational diseases in tha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weissmann C,Enari M,Klöhn PC,Rossi D,Flechsig E

更新日期：2002-12-10 00:00:00