Abstract:
:The study of gene family members has been aided by the isolation of related genes on the basis of DNA homology. We have adapted the polymerase chain reaction to screen animal genomes very rapidly and reliably for likely gene family members. Using conserved amino acid sequences to design degenerate oligonucleotide primers, we have shown that the genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains sequences homologous to many Drosophila genes involved in pattern formation, including the segment polarity gene wingless (vertebrate int-1), and homeobox sequences characteristic of the Antennapedia, engrailed, and paired families. In addition, we have used this method to show that C. elegans contains at least five different sequences homologous to genes in the tyrosine kinase family. Lastly, we have isolated six potassium channel sequences from humans, a result that validates the utility of the method with large genomes and suggests that human potassium channel gene diversity may be extensive.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Kamb A,Weir M,Rudy B,Varmus H,Kenyon Cdoi
10.1073/pnas.86.12.4372subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-06-01 00:00:00pages
4372-6issue
12eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract::C-1027 is an enediyne antitumor antibiotic composed of four distinct moieties: an enediyne core, a deoxy aminosugar, a beta-amino acid, and a benzoxazolinate moiety. We now show that the benzoxazolinate moiety is derived from chorismate by the sequential action of two enzymes-SgcD, a 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismate (ADIC...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0708750105
更新日期:2008-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides can achieve targeted base-pair substitution with modest efficiency but high precision. We show that "oligo targeting" can be used effectively to study missense mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Inherited inactivating mutations in DNA MMR genes are causative for the canc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1520813113
更新日期:2016-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::PTP1C, a protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.48) containing two src homology 2 domains, is poorly active when assayed with various protein substrates in vitro. Its activity is stimulated > 1000-fold by anionic phospholipids when myelin basic protein or mitogen-activated ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.9.4251
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A vaccine capable of stimulating protective antiviral antibody responses is needed to curtail the global AIDS epidemic caused by HIV-1. Although rarely elicited during the course of natural infection or upon conventional vaccination, the membrane-proximal ectodomain region (MPER) of the HIV-1 glycoprotein of M(r) 41,0...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.0901474106
更新日期:2009-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::Gel-forming mucins, the primary macromolecular components of airway mucus, facilitate airway clearance by mucociliary transport. In cystic fibrosis (CF) altered mucus properties impair mucociliary transport. Airways primarily secrete two closely related gel-forming mucins, MUC5B and MUC5AC. However, their morphologic ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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abstract::The constant heavy chain (CH1) domain affects antibody affinity and fine specificity, challenging the paradigm that only variable regions contribute to antigen binding. To investigate the role of the CH1 domain, we constructed IgA2 from the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 2F5 IgG1, and compared 2F5 IgA2 and IgG bindin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2012-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Language is classically thought to be supported by perisylvian cortical regions. Here we provide intracranial evidence linking the hippocampal complex to linguistic processing. We used direct recordings from the hippocampal structures to investigate whether theta oscillations, pivotal in memory function, track the amo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2016-10-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:1971-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the heavy chain variable region sequences from the cDNAs of five previously described monoclonal cell lines producing human antibodies specific for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and detail the molecular characteristics, germ-line origins, and extent of somatic mutation among these antibodies. Three...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::If they are able to spread in wild populations, CRISPR-based gene-drive elements would provide new ways to address ecological problems by altering the traits of wild organisms, but the potential for uncontrolled spread tremendously complicates ethical development and use. Here, we detail a self-exhausting form of CRIS...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::Postnatal development and adult function of the central nervous system are dependent on the capacity of neurons to effect long-term changes of specific properties in response to neural activity. This neuronal response has been demonstrated to be tightly correlated with the expression of a set of regulatory genes which...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.6.2317
更新日期:1996-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::A major challenge in interpreting genome sequences is understanding how the genome encodes the information that specifies when and where a gene will be expressed. The first step in this process is the identification of regions of the genome that contain regulatory information. In higher eukaryotes, this cis-regulatory...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-01-22 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2015-06-02 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.12.4608
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease is characterized by two primary pathological features: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The interconnection between amyloid and tau aggregates is of intense interest, but mouse models have yet to reveal a direct interrelationship. We now show that NO may be a key factor that connects am...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2006-08-22 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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abstract::Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder, the most common lethal genetic disease in Caucasians. Respiratory disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Indeed, 95% of CF patients die of respiratory failure. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, chronically infects the lungs of ov...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::AMP deaminase (adenylate deaminase; AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6), a large flat tetrameric enzyme found in skeletal muscle, binds strongly and specifically to the subfragment-2 region of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin. This allows its use as a structural probe in myosin and myosin rod aggregation studies. When mixed ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tetherin/BST2 is a type-II membrane protein that inhibits the release of a range of enveloped viruses, including HIV-1. Here we report three crystal structures of human tetherin, including the full-length ectodomain, a triple cysteine mutant and an ectodomain truncation. These structures show that tetherin forms a con...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1011485107
更新日期:2010-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas the laws of thermodynamics prohibit extraction of useful work from the Brownian motion of particles in equilibrium, these motions can be "rectified" under nonequilibrium conditions, for example, in the presence of asymmetric geometrical obstacles. Here, we describe a class of systems in which aerobic bacteria ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0913015107
更新日期:2010-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::The vulval development of Caenorhabditis elegans provides an opportunity to investigate genetic networks that control gene expression during organogenesis. During the fourth larval stage (L4), seven vulval cell types are produced, each of which executes a distinct gene expression program. We analyze how the expression...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0408122102
更新日期:2005-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal ablation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the rat has two important consequences. First, the direct projection from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus fails to develop and no other retinal projection to any hypothalamic nucleus is formed. Second, circadian rhythms in drinking and spontaneous locomotor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Point mutations in either of the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBD) of Hsp104 (NBD1 and NBD2) eliminate its thermotolerance function in vivo. In vitro, NBD1 mutations virtually eliminate ATP hydrolysis with little effect on hexamerization; analogous NBD2 mutations reduce ATPase activity and severely impair hexameriz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.031568098
更新日期:2001-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Serine is the only amino acid that is encoded by two disjoint codon sets so that a tandem substitution of two nucleotides is required to switch between the two sets. Previously published evidence suggests that, for the most evolutionarily conserved serines, the codon set switch occurs by simultaneous substitution of t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1615832113
更新日期:2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Given a collection L of n points on a sphere [Formula: see text] of surface area n, a fair allocation is a partition of the sphere into n parts each of area 1, and each is associated with a distinct point of L. We show that, if the n points are chosen uniformly at random and if the partition is defined by a certain "g...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1720804115
更新日期:2018-09-25 00:00:00