Abstract:
:Prey in natural communities are usually shared by many predator species. How predators coexist while competing for the same prey is one of the fundamental questions in ecology. Here, we show that competing predator species may not only coexist on a single prey but even help each other to persist if they specialize on different life history stages of the prey. By changing the prey size distribution, a predator species may in fact increase the amount of prey available for its competitor. Surprisingly, a predator may not be able to persist at all unless its competitor is also present. The competitor thus significantly increases the range of conditions for which a particular predator can persist. This "emergent facilitation" is a long-term, population-level effect that results from asymmetric increases in the rate of prey maturation and reproduction when predation relaxes competition among prey. Emergent facilitation explains observations of correlated increases of predators on small and large conspecific prey as well as concordance in their distribution patterns. Our results suggest that emergent facilitation may promote the occurrence of complex, stable, community food webs and that persistence of these communities could critically depend on diversity within predator guilds.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
De Roos AM,Schellekens T,Van Kooten T,Persson Ldoi
10.1073/pnas.0803834105subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-09-16 00:00:00pages
13930-5issue
37eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0803834105journal_volume
105pub_type
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