Model for mammalian metallothionein structure.

abstract：:How did human cooperation evolve? Recent evidence shows that many people are willing to engage in altruistic punishment, voluntarily paying a cost to punish noncooperators. Although this behavior helps to explain how cooperation can persist, it creates an important puzzle. If altruistic punishment provides benefits to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fowler JH

更新日期：2005-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid have been attached covalently to the 5' terminus of the deoxynucleotide sequence C-A-C-A-A-T-T-C-C-A-C-A-C-A-A-C (16-mer) via an ethylenediamine linker. In the presence of Fe2+ and dithiothreitol, these reagents bring about the hybridization-depend...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chu BC,Orgel LE

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The HIV type 1 (HIV-1) virion infectivity factor (Vif) protein blocks the action of the host defense factor APOBEC3G in human cells, thereby allowing release of infectious virions, but fails to inhibit similar APOBEC3G proteins present in some simian cells. Conversely, the Vif protein encoded by the African green monk...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bogerd HP,Doehle BP,Wiegand HL,Cullen BR

更新日期：2004-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:When two vortices cross, each of them breaks into two parts and exchanges part of itself for part of the other. This process, called vortex reconnection, occurs in classical and superfluids, and in magnetized plasmas and superconductors. We present the first experimental observations of reconnection between quantized ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bewley GP,Paoletti MS,Sreenivasan KR,Lathrop DP

更新日期：2008-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We have engineered the ecdysone-inducible mammalian expression system for general retroviral delivery to cultured mammalian cells. We inducibly expressed PTEN in the glioblastoma cell line, U87MG, lacking this gene. Because nearly all cells are recruited on induction, we find both up- and down-regulated genes by cDNA ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stolarov J,Chang K,Reiner A,Rodgers L,Hannon GJ,Wigler MH,Mittal V

更新日期：2001-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well known that polyelectrolyte complexes and coacervates can form on mixing oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions, due to mainly electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged polymers. Here, we report the first (to the best of our knowledge) complexation and coacervation of two posi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim S,Huang J,Lee Y,Dutta S,Yoo HY,Jung YM,Jho Y,Zeng H,Hwang DS

更新日期：2016-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A half-century's worth of research has established the existence of numerous event-related potential components measuring different cognitive operations in humans including the selection of stimuli by covert attention mechanisms. Surprisingly, it is unknown whether nonhuman primates exhibit homologous electrophysiolog...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Woodman GF,Kang MS,Rossi AF,Schall JD

更新日期：2007-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Aromatic polyketides make up a large class of natural products with diverse bioactivity. During biosynthesis, linear poly-β-ketone intermediates are regiospecifically cyclized, yielding molecules with defined cyclization patterns that are crucial for polyketide bioactivity. The aromatase/cyclases (ARO/CYCs) are respon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caldara-Festin G,Jackson DR,Barajas JF,Valentic TR,Patel AB,Aguilar S,Nguyen M,Vo M,Khanna A,Sasaki E,Liu HW,Tsai SC

更新日期：2015-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The lectin chaperone calreticulin (CRT) assists the folding and quality control of newly synthesized glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It interacts with ERp57, a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that promotes the formation of disulfide bonds in glycoproteins bound by CRT. Here, we investigated the interac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frickel EM,Riek R,Jelesarov I,Helenius A,Wuthrich K,Ellgaard L

更新日期：2002-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Coagulation is an innate defense mechanism intended to limit blood loss and trap invading pathogens during infection. However, Staphylococcus aureus has the ability to hijack the coagulation cascade and generate clots via secretion of coagulases. Although many S. aureus have this characteristic, some do not. The popul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trivedi U,Madsen JS,Everett J,Fell C,Russel J,Haaber J,Crosby HA,Horswill AR,Burmølle M,Rumbaugh KP,Sørensen SJ

更新日期：2018-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Although nanoparticle-protein conjugates have been synthesized for numerous applications, bioconjugation remains a challenge, often resulting in denaturation or loss of protein function. This is partly because the protein-nanoparticle interface is poorly understood, which impedes the use of nanoparticles in nanomedici...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aubin-Tam ME,Hwang W,Hamad-Schifferli K

更新日期：2009-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyber conflict is now a common and potentially dangerous occurrence. The target typically faces a strategic choice based on its ability to attribute the attack to a specific perpetrator and whether it has a viable punishment at its disposal. We present a game-theoretic model, in which the best strategic choice for the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Edwards B,Furnas A,Forrest S,Axelrod R

更新日期：2017-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the theory that the insulin-induced loss of insulin binding from adipocytes is due to internalization of insulin receptors. Cell-surface receptors were assessed by the binding capacity of intact cells at 16 degrees C. Total (i.e., cell-surface plus intracellular) receptors were assessed by solubil...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Green A,Olefsky JM

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the complexity of anisotropic turbulent processes over a wide range of spatiotemporal scales in engineering shear turbulence as well as climate atmosphere ocean science is a grand challenge of contemporary science with important societal impact. In such inhomogeneous turbulent dynamical systems there is ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Majda AJ

更新日期：2015-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:PIK3R2 encodes a ubiquitous regulatory subunit (p85β) of PI3K, an enzyme that generates 3-polyphosphoinositides at the plasma membrane. PI3K activation triggers cell survival and migration. We found that p85β expression is elevated in breast and colon carcinomas and that its increased expression correlates with PI3K p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cortés I,Sánchez-Ruíz J,Zuluaga S,Calvanese V,Marqués M,Hernández C,Rivera T,Kremer L,González-García A,Carrera AC

更新日期：2012-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Domesticated maize and its wild ancestor (teosinte) differ strikingly in morphology and afford an opportunity to examine the connection between strong selection and diversity in a major crop species. The tb1 gene largely controls the increase in apical dominance in maize relative to teosinte, and a region of the tb1 l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clark RM,Linton E,Messing J,Doebley JF

更新日期：2004-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The crystal structure of the dodecanucleotide d(CGCAAGCTGGCG) has been determined to a resolution of 2.5 A and refined to an R factor of 19.3% for 1710 reflections. The sequence crystallizes as a B-type double helix, with two G(anti).A(syn) base pairs. These are stabilized by three-center hydrogen bonds to pyrimidines...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Webster GD,Sanderson MR,Skelly JV,Neidle S,Swann PF,Li BF,Tickle IJ

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:[3H]Puromycin and N-(ethyl-2-diazomalonyl)[3H]puromycin are incorporated into E. coli ribosomes on irradiation at 253.7 nm. Both compounds incorporate into both protein and nucleic acid. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of ribosomal protein shows that L23 is the major protein labeled by puromycin. Although incorpor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cooperman BS,Jaynes EN,Brunswick DJ,Luddy MA

更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 43-kDa peripheral membrane protein is known to copurify with acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR)-rich membranes isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo californica. Immunoelectron microscopy and crosslinking studies have demonstrated that this 43-kDa protein is closely associated with the cytoplasmic domain(s) of th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burden SJ

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well known that far fewer men than women enroll in tertiary education in the United States and other Western nations. Developed nations vary in the degree to which men are underrepresented, but the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average lies around 45% male students. We use data fr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stoet G,Geary DC

更新日期：2020-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Developmental and physiological responses are regulated by light throughout the entire life cycle of higher plants. To sense changes in the light environment, plants have developed various photoreceptors, including the red/far-red light-absorbing phytochromes and blue light-absorbing cryptochromes. A wide variety of p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bognár LK,Hall A,Adám E,Thain SC,Nagy F,Millar AJ

更新日期：1999-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Prions are infectious agents which cause rapidly lethal neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals following long, clinically silent incubation periods. They are composed of multichain assemblies of misfolded cellular prion protein. While it has long been assumed that prions are themselves neurotoxic, recent dev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Benilova I,Reilly M,Terry C,Wenborn A,Schmidt C,Marinho AT,Risse E,Al-Doujaily H,Wiggins De Oliveira M,Sandberg MK,Wadsworth JDF,Jat PS,Collinge J

更新日期：2020-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Phytosulfokine-alpha [PSK-alpha, Tyr(SO(3)H)-Ile-Tyr(SO(3)H)-Thr-Gln], a sulfated mitogenic peptide found in plants, strongly promotes proliferation of plant cells in culture at very low concentrations. Oryza sativa PSK (OsPSK) cDNA encoding a PSK-alpha precursor has been isolated. The cDNA is 725 base pairs long, and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang H,Matsubayashi Y,Nakamura K,Sakagami Y

更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase plays an essential role in aerobic cellular respiration, reducing dioxygen to water in a process coupled with the pumping of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. An aspartate residue, Asp-51, located near the enzyme surface, undergoes a redox-coupled x-ray structural chan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsukihara T,Shimokata K,Katayama Y,Shimada H,Muramoto K,Aoyama H,Mochizuki M,Shinzawa-Itoh K,Yamashita E,Yao M,Ishimura Y,Yoshikawa S

更新日期：2003-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is believed to arise through a multistep model comprised of putative precursor lesions known as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). Recent genetically engineered mouse models of PDAC demonstrate a comparable morphologic spectrum of murine PanIN (mPanIN) lesions. The hi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Habbe N,Shi G,Meguid RA,Fendrich V,Esni F,Chen H,Feldmann G,Stoffers DA,Konieczny SF,Leach SD,Maitra A

更新日期：2008-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) represents one of the most common RNA modifications in eukaryotes. Specific m6A writer, eraser, and reader proteins have been identified. As an m6A eraser, ALKBH5 specifically removes m6A from target mRNAs and inactivation of Alkbh5 leads to male infertility in mice. However, the underlying mo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tang C,Klukovich R,Peng H,Wang Z,Yu T,Zhang Y,Zheng H,Klungland A,Yan W

更新日期：2018-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein misfolding and deposition underlie an increasing number of debilitating human disorders. We have shown that model proteins unrelated to disease, such as the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of the p58alpha subunit of bovine phosphatidyl-inositol-3'-kinase (PI3-SH3), can be converted in vitro into assemblies with st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ventura S,Zurdo J,Narayanan S,Parreño M,Mangues R,Reif B,Chiti F,Giannoni E,Dobson CM,Aviles FX,Serrano L

更新日期：2004-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene for the RNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha protein kinase (PKR) was isolated from mouse genomic DNA and characterized. The mouse PKR gene contains 16 exons and spans about 28 kilobase pairs. Exon 1 is untranslated; the AUG translation initiation site is located early in the second exon. Exon 16 includes the UAG transl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tanaka H,Samuel CE

更新日期：1994-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Biomimetic nanopores based on membrane-spanning single-walled carbon nanotubes have been designed to include selectivity filters based on combinations of anionic and cationic groups mimicking those present in bacterial porins and in voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. The ion permeation and selectivity properti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： García-Fandiño R,Sansom MS

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary structure of the beta chain of human glycoprotein Ib (GPIb), the platelet receptor for von Willebrand factor, has been established by a combination of cDNA cloning and amino acid sequence analysis. A lambda phage cDNA expression library prepared from human erythroleukemia cells (HEL cells) was screened wit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lopez JA,Chung DW,Fujikawa K,Hagen FS,Davie EW,Roth GJ

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00