Staphylococcus aureus coagulases are exploitable yet stable public goods in clinically relevant conditions.

abstract：:In everyday life, a macroscopic valve is a device with a movable control element that regulates the flow of gases or liquids by blocking and opening passageways. Construction of such a device on the nanoscale level requires (i) suitably proportioned movable control elements, (ii) a method for operating them on demand,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nguyen TD,Tseng HR,Celestre PC,Flood AH,Liu Y,Stoddart JF,Zink JI

更新日期：2005-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of proteolysis lies at the heart of our understanding of biocatalysis, enzyme evolution, and drug development. To understand the degree of natural variation in protease active sites, we systematically evaluated simple active site features from all serine, cysteine and threonine proteases of independent linea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Buller AR,Townsend CA

更新日期：2013-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Circadian dysfunction is a common attribute of many neurodegenerative diseases, most of which are associated with neuroinflammation. Circadian rhythm dysfunction has been associated with inflammation in the periphery, but the role of the core clock in neuroinflammation remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Griffin P,Dimitry JM,Sheehan PW,Lananna BV,Guo C,Robinette ML,Hayes ME,Cedeño MR,Nadarajah CJ,Ezerskiy LA,Colonna M,Zhang J,Bauer AQ,Burris TP,Musiek ES

更新日期：2019-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Recessive Stargardt's macular degeneration is a blinding disease of children caused by mutations in the ABCA4 (ABCR) gene. Mice with a knockout mutation in abcr accumulate toxic lipofuscin pigments in ocular tissues, similar to affected humans. The major fluorophore of lipofuscin is the bis-retinoid, N-retinylidene-N-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Radu RA,Mata NL,Bagla A,Travis GH

更新日期：2004-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Enhanced transductional recombination between specialized transducing phage lambda plac5 and plasmid F42lac depends on cis- and trans-acting factors. By constructing a series of recombinant molecules, the cis-acting site required for enhanced recombination has been identified as oriT, the origin of conjugational trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seifert HS,Porter RD

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have studied the effects of food restriction (FR) and substitution of fish oil (FO; omega 3) for corn oil (CO; omega 6) on breast tumor incidence and survival in mouse mammary tumor virus/v-Ha-ras transgenic (Onco) mice. The diets were as follows: group 1, 5% (wt/wt) CO fed ad libitum (AL); group 2, 5% CO, restrict...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fernandes G,Chandrasekar B,Troyer DA,Venkatraman JT,Good RA

更新日期：1995-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Histone methylation has an important role in transcriptional regulation. However, unlike H3K4 and H3K9 methylation, the role of H4K20 monomethylation (H4K20me-1) in transcriptional regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that Wnt3a specifically stimulates H4K20 monomethylation at the T cell factor (TCF)-binding elem...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li Z,Nie F,Wang S,Li L

更新日期：2011-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Clonal deletion provides an important mechanism for the elimination of autoreactive T cells. Deletion is accomplished by programmed cell death directed by interaction of the T-cell receptor (TCR) of the developing thymocyte with major histocompatibility complex elements in the thymic environment. In this report we pre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Russell JH,White CL,Loh DY,Meleedy-Rey P

更新日期：1991-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Phages of the Caudovirales order possess a tail that recognizes the host and ensures genome delivery upon infection. The X-ray structure of the approximately 1.8 MDa host adsorption device (baseplate) from the lactococcal phage TP901-1 shows that the receptor-binding proteins are pointing in the direction of the host,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Veesler D,Spinelli S,Mahony J,Lichière J,Blangy S,Bricogne G,Legrand P,Ortiz-Lombardia M,Campanacci V,van Sinderen D,Cambillau C

更新日期：2012-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Nodules harboring nitrogen-fixing rhizobia are a well-known trait of legumes, but nodules also occur in other plant lineages, with rhizobia or the actinomycete Frankia as microsymbiont. It is generally assumed that nodulation evolved independently multiple times. However, molecular-genetic support for this hypothesis ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Velzen R,Holmer R,Bu F,Rutten L,van Zeijl A,Liu W,Santuari L,Cao Q,Sharma T,Shen D,Roswanjaya Y,Wardhani TAK,Kalhor MS,Jansen J,van den Hoogen J,Güngör B,Hartog M,Hontelez J,Verver J,Yang WC,Schijlen E,Repin

更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Infectious tolerance describes the process of CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) converting naïve T cells to become additional Tregs. We show that antigen-specific Tregs induce, within skin grafts and dendritic cells, the expression of enzymes that consume at least 5 different essential amino acids (EAAs). T cells fail...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cobbold SP,Adams E,Farquhar CA,Nolan KF,Howie D,Lui KO,Fairchild PJ,Mellor AL,Ron D,Waldmann H

更新日期：2009-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of RNAi has revolutionized loss-of-function genetic studies in mammalian systems. However, significant challenges still remain to fully exploit RNAi for mammalian genetics. For instance, genetic screens and in vivo studies could be broadly improved by methods that allow inducible and uniform gene express...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meerbrey KL,Hu G,Kessler JD,Roarty K,Li MZ,Fang JE,Herschkowitz JI,Burrows AE,Ciccia A,Sun T,Schmitt EM,Bernardi RJ,Fu X,Bland CS,Cooper TA,Schiff R,Rosen JM,Westbrook TF,Elledge SJ

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals are typically colonized by diverse bacterial symbionts, many of which are commensal and, in numerous cases, even essential for their host's proper development and growth. In exchange, the host must supply a sufficient array and quantity of nutrients to support the proliferation and persistence of its microbial...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Graf J,Ruby EG

更新日期：1998-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:We have examined the functional consequences of mutations present in defective alleles of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) isolated from two spontaneously arising tumors. Unlike cDNA clones expressing the wild-type protein p110Rb, those encoding the two mutant proteins failed to induce the appearance of se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Templeton DJ,Park SH,Lanier L,Weinberg RA

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Prions are infectious proteins that encipher biological information within their conformations; variations in these conformations dictate different prion strains. Toward elucidating the molecular language of prion protein (PrP) conformations, we produced an array of recombinant PrP amyloids with varying conformational...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Colby DW,Giles K,Legname G,Wille H,Baskakov IV,DeArmond SJ,Prusiner SB

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The crown gall teratoma tumor line BT37, incited by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain T37, has been found to contain part of the tumor-inducing plasmid, pTi T37, of the inciting strain. This foreign DNA segment, called T-DNA, is maintained at several copies per diploid tumor cell. We have examined subcellular DNA fract...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chilton MD,Saiki RK,Yadav N,Gordon MP,Quetier F

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant human migration inhibitory factor (MIF), isolated through functional expression cloning in COS-1 cells, up-regulates expression of genes encoding HLA-DR and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and elaboration of IL-1 beta by human monocyte-derived macrophages. Administration of soluble bovine serum albumin or h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weiser WY,Pozzi LM,Titus RG,David JR

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to retain in an in situ system the control mechanisms involved in synthesis of bacteriophage T4 DNA, infected cells were made permeable to nucleotides by plasmolysis with concentrated sucrose. Such preparations use exogenous deoxyribonucleotides to synthesize T4 phage DNA. As has been observed with in vivo st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wovcha MG,Tomich PK,Chiu CS,Greenberg GR

更新日期：1973-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dynamics of excited-state double proton transfer of model DNA base pairs, 7-azaindole dimers, is reported using femtosecond fluorescence spectroscopy. To elucidate the nature of the transfer in the condensed phase, here we examine variation of solvent polarity and viscosity, solute concentration, and isotopic frac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kwon OH,Zewail AH

更新日期：2007-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular parasite of freshwater protozoa and human macrophages. Recent studies determined that the macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) surface protein, a prokaryotic homolog of the FK506-binding proteins, is required for optimal infection of macrophages. To determine whether Mip ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cianciotto NP,Fields BS

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrogen limitation imposes a major transition in the lifestyle of nondiazotrophic cyanobacteria that is controlled by a complex interplay of regulatory factors involving the pervasive signal processor PII Immediately upon nitrogen limitation, newly fixed carbon is redirected toward glycogen synthesis. How the metabol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Orthwein T,Scholl J,Spät P,Lucius S,Koch M,Macek B,Hagemann M,Forchhammer K

更新日期：2021-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans readily form social impressions, such as attractiveness and trustworthiness, from a stranger's facial features. Understanding the provenance of these impressions has clear scientific importance and societal implications. Motivated by the efficient coding hypothesis of brain representation, as well as Claude Sha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ryali CK,Goffin S,Winkielman P,Yu AJ

更新日期：2020-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The precipitation and assembly of calcium carbonate skeletons by stony corals is a precisely controlled process regulated by the secretion of an ECM. Recently, it has been reported that the proteome of the skeletal organic matrix (SOM) contains a group of coral acid-rich proteins as well as an assemblage of adhesion a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mass T,Drake JL,Peters EC,Jiang W,Falkowski PG

更新日期：2014-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcripts from mitochondrial (maxicircle) genes of kinetoplastid organisms undergo RNA editing characterized by a series of reactions that insert and delete uridine nucleotides within the sequence of the pre-mRNAs. Guide RNAs, which complement fully edited mRNAs, provide the information for the edited sequence by an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Göringer HU,Koslowsky DJ,Morales TH,Stuart K

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To elucidate the molecular mechanism of frameshift suppression by the SUF2 gene of yeast, the sequences of DNA fragments carrying the SUF2-1 and suf2+ alleles of the gene and surrounding regions have been determined. Comparison of the suppressor and wild-type sequences indicates that the SUF2 gene product is a proline...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cummins CM,Donahue TF,Culbertson MR

更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of a human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-435) in nude mice with a recombinant adenovirus containing the human interferon (IFN) consensus gene, IFN-con1 (ad5/IFN), resulted in tumor regression in 100% of the animals. Tumor regression occurred when virus was injected either within 24 hr of tumor cell implant...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang JF,Hu C,Geng Y,Selm J,Klein SB,Orazi A,Taylor MW

更新日期：1996-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell activation and tolerance are regulated by costimulatory molecules. Although PD-1 serves as a crucial negative regulator of T cells, the function of its ligands, PDL1 and PDL2, is still controversial. In this study, we created a PDL2-deficient mouse to characterize its function in T cell activation and tolerance...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Chung Y,Bishop C,Daugherty B,Chute H,Holst P,Kurahara C,Lott F,Sun N,Welcher AA,Dong C

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term memory relies on modulation of synaptic connections in response to experience. This plasticity involves trafficking of AMPA receptors (AMPAR) and alteration of spine morphology. Arc, a gene induced by synaptic activity, mediates the endocytosis of AMPA receptors and is required for both long-term and homeost...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peebles CL,Yoo J,Thwin MT,Palop JJ,Noebels JL,Finkbeiner S

更新日期：2010-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) is the most highly elevated hepatic miR in obese mice and is also substantially elevated in patients who have steatosis, but its role in obesity and metabolic dysfunction remains unclear. After a meal, FGF19 is secreted from the ileum; binds to a hepatic membrane receptor complex, FGF19 receptor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fu T,Choi SE,Kim DH,Seok S,Suino-Powell KM,Xu HE,Kemper JK

更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:We show that the stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) brought about by tumor necrosis factor alpha and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate can be inhibited by adding N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). NAC, which replenishes intracellular glutathione, effectively inhibits the tumor necrosis factor alpha- or phorbol es...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roederer M,Staal FJ,Raju PA,Ela SW,Herzenberg LA,Herzenberg LA

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00