Regulation of T cell activation and tolerance by PDL2.

abstract：:Escherichia coli fMet-tRNAfMet alters the pattern of promoter selection of E. coli RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase, nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.6), affecting RNA synthesis from the rRNA, suIII+tRNA, and lac promoters in different ways. The in vitro synthesis of the stable RNA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Debenham PG,Pongs O,Travers AA

更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleosomes are the fundamental structural unit of chromatin. In addition to stabilizing the DNA polymer, nucleosomes are modified in ways that reflect and affect gene expression in their vicinity. It has long been assumed that nucleosomes can transmit memory of gene expression through their covalent posttranslational...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schlissel G,Rine J

更新日期：2019-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the importance of tuberculosis as a public health problem, we know relatively little about the molecular mechanisms used by the causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to persist in the host. To define these mechanisms, we have mutated virtually every nonessential gene of M. tuberculosis and determined...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sassetti CM,Rubin EJ

更新日期：2003-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Although Hsp90 displays general chaperone activity in vitro, few substrates of the chaperone have been identified in vivo, and the characteristics that render these substrates dependent on Hsp90 remain elusive. To investigate this issue, we exploited a paradoxical observation: several unrelated oncogenic viral tyrosin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu Y,Singer MA,Lindquist S

更新日期：1999-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacillus anthrax lethal toxin can be engineered to deliver foreign proteins to the cytosol for antigen presentation to CD8 T cells. Vaccination with modified toxins carrying 8-9 amino acid peptide epitopes induces protective immunity in mice. To evaluate whether large protein antigens can be used with this system, rec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lu Y,Friedman R,Kushner N,Doling A,Thomas L,Touzjian N,Starnbach M,Lieberman J

更新日期：2000-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin of vertebrate eyes is still enigmatic. The "frontal eye" of amphioxus, our most primitive chordate relative, has long been recognized as a candidate precursor to the vertebrate eyes. However, the amphioxus frontal eye is composed of simple ciliated cells, unlike vertebrate rods and cones, which display more...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vopalensky P,Pergner J,Liegertova M,Benito-Gutierrez E,Arendt D,Kozmik Z

更新日期：2012-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Mouse interferon preparations inhibited the multiplication of mouse leukemia L 1210 cells cultivated under steady-state conditions in a chemostat. The use of this sensitive and controlled system led to the detection of a rapid inhibition in the incorporation of (3-H)thymidine into cellular acid-precipitable material 2...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tovey M,Brouty-Boyé D,Gresser I

更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A solid-phase immunoadsorbent capable of binding mouse interferon has been prepared. Starting from crude tissue-culture material, interferon could be purified 1990 times in a single step of affinity chromatography. Overall recovery ranged from 55 to 103% with tissue culture and mouse-brain interferon; however, only 5%...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sipe JD,de Maeyer-Guignard J,Fauconnier B,de Maeyer E

更新日期：1973-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have screened a human DNA library using as probe a chimpanzee sequence that contains homology to the polymerase gene of the endogenous baboon virus. One set of overlapping clones spans about 20 kilobases and contains regions of DNA sequence homology to the gag p30, gag p15, and polymerase genes of Moloney murine le...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bonner TI,O'Connell C,Cohen M

更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) highlights the urgent need to understand the mechanisms of resistance to the drugs used to treat this disease. The aminoglycosides kanamycin and amikacin are important bactericidal drugs used to treat MDR TB, and resistance to one or both of these drugs is a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zaunbrecher MA,Sikes RD Jr,Metchock B,Shinnick TM,Posey JE

更新日期：2009-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Faithful transmission of genetic material to daughter cells involves a characteristic temporal order of DNA replication, which may play a significant role in the inheritance of epigenetic states. We developed a genome-scale approach--Repli Seq--to map temporally ordered replicating DNA using massively parallel sequenc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hansen RS,Thomas S,Sandstrom R,Canfield TK,Thurman RE,Weaver M,Dorschner MO,Gartler SM,Stamatoyannopoulos JA

更新日期：2010-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is abundantly expressed in the amygdala complex and other brain regions associated with fear. Studies of mice with a disrupted ASIC1 gene suggested that ASIC1a may contribute to learned fear. To test this hypothesis, we generated mice overexpressing human ASIC1a by using the pa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wemmie JA,Coryell MW,Askwith CC,Lamani E,Leonard AS,Sigmund CD,Welsh MJ

更新日期：2004-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently isolated an RNA polymerase II elongation factor from rat liver nuclei and found it to be homologous to the product of the human ELL gene, a frequent target for translocations in acute myeloid leukemia. To further our understanding of the possible role(s) of ELL in transcriptional regulation and human disea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shilatifard A,Duan DR,Haque D,Florence C,Schubach WH,Conaway JW,Conaway RC

更新日期：1997-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is essential for motor and procedure learning, but the role of DLS spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of direct and indirect pathways, as marked, respectively, by D1 and D2 receptor (D1R and D2R) expression, remains to be clarified. Long-term two-photon calcium imaging of the same neuronal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sheng MJ,Lu D,Shen ZM,Poo MM

更新日期：2019-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytoskeletal filaments assemble into dense parallel, antiparallel, or disordered networks, providing a complex environment for active cargo transport and positioning by molecular motors. The interplay between the network architecture and intrinsic motor properties clearly affects transport properties but remains poorl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richard M,Blanch-Mercader C,Ennomani H,Cao W,De La Cruz EM,Joanny JF,Jülicher F,Blanchoin L,Martin P

更新日期：2019-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The fdhF gene encoding the 80-kDa selenopolypeptide subunit of formate dehydrogenase H from Escherichia coli contains an in-frame TGA codon at amino acid position 140, which encodes selenocysteine. We have analyzed how this UGA "sense codon" is discriminated from a UGA codon signaling polypeptide chain termination. De...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zinoni F,Heider J,Böck A

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cloned 3.18 kilobase fragments of Xenopus laevis DNA containing genes for tRNAMet1 and for at least one other 4S RNA species are transcribed rapidly after their injection into the nucleus of X. laevis oocytes. The newly synthesized RNA can be resolved by gel electrophoresis into a few predominant 4S RNA species and a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kressmann A,Clarkson SG,Pirrotta V,Birnstiel ML

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis of alpha-chiral amines bearing two alkyl groups has been hampered by the accessibility and stability of the alkylimine precursor. Herein, we report an efficient strategy to generate the alkyl-substituted imine in situ that is compatible with the Me-DuPHOS monoxide.Cu(I) catalyzed addition of diorganozinc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Côté A,Boezio AA,Charette AB

更新日期：2004-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Flowering time (i.e., heading date in crops) is an important ecological trait that determines growing seasons and regional adaptability of plants to specific natural environments. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a short-day plant that originated in the tropics. Increasing evidence suggests that the northward expansion of cu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu W,Zheng XM,Lu G,Zhong Z,Gao H,Chen L,Wu C,Wang HJ,Wang Q,Zhou K,Wang JL,Wu F,Zhang X,Guo X,Cheng Z,Lei C,Lin Q,Jiang L,Wang H,Ge S,Wan J

更新日期：2013-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA molecules that bind a transition state analog for a Diels-Alder reaction (Kd = 0.35 +/- 0.05 mM) were isolated from a starting pool of approximately 10(14) sequences by affinity chromatography. After the initial rise and plateau of the amount of RNA that eluted with soluble analog, a step gradient elution was used...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morris KN,Tarasow TM,Julin CM,Simons SL,Hilvert D,Gold L

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between performance and ability is a central concern in the social sciences: Are the most successful much more able than others, and are failures unskilled? Prior research has shown that noise and self-reinforcing dynamics make performance unpredictable and lead to a weak association between ability a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Denrell J,Liu C

更新日期：2012-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Transabdominal (Tab) is a dominant gain-of-function mutation that results in islands of sexually dimorphic abdominal cuticle in the dorsal thorax of the adult fly. This phenotype has complete penetrance and constant expressivity, and we show that it results from ectopic expression of ABD-BII, one of two proteins deriv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Celniker SE,Lewis EB

更新日期：1993-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We report free-standing atomic crystals that are strictly 2D and can be viewed as individual atomic planes pulled out of bulk crystals or as unrolled single-wall nanotubes. By using micromechanical cleavage, we have prepared and studied a variety of 2D crystals including single layers of boron nitride, graphite, sever...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Novoselov KS,Jiang D,Schedin F,Booth TJ,Khotkevich VV,Morozov SV,Geim AK

更新日期：2005-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In previous work we identified a basilar papilla protein (BPP23) that appears to be one of the most abundant soluble proteins in the basilar papilla of the chick cochlea. Here we report the purification of protein BPP23 from chick cochlea and the generation of a specific antiserum. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oberholtzer JC,Buettger C,Summers MC,Matschinsky FM

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants can defend themselves from herbivorous insects by emitting volatile chemical signals that attract natural enemies of the herbivore. For example, maize seedlings attacked by beet armyworm larvae (Spodoptera exigua) produce a mixture of terpenoid and indole volatiles that serve to attract parasitic wasps. A key s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shen B,Zheng Z,Dooner HK

更新日期：2000-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The flavin cofactor in photoenzyme photolyase and photoreceptor cryptochrome may exist in an oxidized state and should be converted into reduced state(s) for biological functions. Such redox changes can be efficiently achieved by photoinduced electron transfer (ET) through a series of aromatic residues in the enzyme. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu Z,Tan C,Guo X,Li J,Wang L,Sancar A,Zhong D

更新日期：2013-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Ferroelectricity has long been speculated to have important biological functions, although its very existence in biology has never been firmly established. Here, we present compelling evidence that elastin, the key ECM protein found in connective tissues, is ferroelectric, and we elucidate the molecular mechanism of i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu Y,Cai HL,Zelisko M,Wang Y,Sun J,Yan F,Ma F,Wang P,Chen QN,Zheng H,Meng X,Sharma P,Zhang Y,Li J

更新日期：2014-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:An electrophoretic karyotype of Aspergillus nidulans has been obtained using contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis. Six chromosomal bands were separated, with two of the bands migrating as doublets. Using the Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes as size standards,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brody H,Carbon J

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleus accumbens (NAc) regulates motivated behavior by, in part, processing excitatory synaptic projections from several brain regions. Among these regions, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral amygdala, convey executive control and affective states, respectively. Whereas glutamatergic synaptic transmissio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suska A,Lee BR,Huang YH,Dong Y,Schlüter OM

更新日期：2013-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily play essential roles in various aspects of embryonic development and physiological organ function. Among them, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 9 and BMP10 regulate embryonic vascular development by activating their endothelial receptor ALK1 (activin receptor-lik...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Somekawa S,Imagawa K,Hayashi H,Sakabe M,Ioka T,Sato GE,Inada K,Iwamoto T,Mori T,Uemura S,Nakagawa O,Saito Y

更新日期：2012-07-24 00:00:00