Abstract：
:One of the most highly unexpected reports in recent medical literature was the lack of benefit of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy in cardiovascular disease prevention in postmenopausal women. The ensuing negative view of hormone replacement therapy has now extended to all forms of postmenopausal hormone treatment, including estrogen alone. Is this pessimism justified? A review of the effects of estrogens and progestins on the estrogen-sensitive systems of the body can help explain why combined oral estrogen and low-dose continuous medroxyprogesterone acetate administration may not be the paradigm for all other forms of postmenopausal hormone replacement. Some of these effects include the following: progestins are anti-estrogens, as evidenced in their divergent effects on plasma lipids; not all progestins are equal in their effect on lipids and other physiologic functions; administration of any hormone by mouth is not physiologic; giving estrogen 10 to 15 years postmenopausally may be too late to prevent atherosclerosis. On the other hand, high doses of oral estrogen/progestin in the presence of high cardiovascular risk appear to promote atherosclerosis risk. Given the current evidence the common sense answer to the question of the benefit of estrogen is "it depends." Until these and other points are formally addressed, the hypothesis that estrogen prevents heart disease remains open.
journal_name
Curr Cardiol Repjournal_title
Current cardiology reportsauthors
Knopp RH,Aikawa K,Knopp EAdoi
10.1007/s11886-003-0110-4keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-11-01 00:00:00pages
477-82issue
6eissn
1523-3782issn
1534-3170journal_volume
5pub_type
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journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-004-0073-0
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past decade, catheter based treatments of an increasing variety of cardiac diseases have expanded dramatically. These advancements became available through new developments and improvements in available devices, as well as increasing expertise of operators. However, arguably it is the innovation and progress ...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-012-0338-y
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) significantly reduce mortality in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and heart failure (HF). However, shortcomings of LVEF to accurately identify those at greatest risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias have led to the pursuit of alternative m...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-013-0359-1
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-019-1211-z
更新日期：2019-09-07 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Myocardial fibrosis (MF) arises due to myocardial infarction and numerous cardiac diseases. MF may lead to several heart disorders, such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and ischemia. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging techniques, such as late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) CMR, enable non-invasive ...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-020-01321-1
更新日期：2020-06-19 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To assess current management strategies for advanced heart failure in adults with congenital heart disease, including heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory support. RECENT FINDINGS:Current data demonstrate that adults with CHD generally experience higher short-term mortality after heart tr...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-018-1028-1
更新日期：2018-08-09 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-010-0162-1
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aortic stenosis affects many people worldwide with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality with uncorrected, symptomatic aortic valve stenosis carrying mortality of 50% at one year. Degenerative calcific pathology, the most common cause of aortic stenosis, increases in prevalence with age; estimated prevalence...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-013-0367-1
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-003-0083-3
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel is a well-established standard of care for patients with acute coronary syndromes. Whether there are other drug strategies or therapies that will achieve fewer ischemic events, and at the same time be associated with fewer bleeding complications, is a question rec...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-011-0195-0
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Tricuspid regurgitation is common; however, recognition and diagnosis, clinical outcomes, and management strategies are poorly defined. Here, we will describe the etiology and natural history of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), evaluate existing surgical outcomes data, and review the evolving field of pe...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-017-0920-4
更新日期：2017-09-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The most common cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is rupture of an atherosclerotic lesion containing a large necrotic core and a thin fibrous cap followed by acute luminal thrombosis because the rupture of the thin fibrous cap allows contact of the platelets with the highly thrombogenic necrotic core. Pathologic ...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-010-0113-x
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-017-0916-0
更新日期：2017-09-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Management of severe chronic mitral regurgitation (MR) in severe heart failure is challenging. There are controversies over the efficacy of surgical correction of MR in the presence of severely depressed left ventricular (LV) function. The etiology of MR plays an important role in clinical decision making. In organic ...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-006-0038-6
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-017-0826-1
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This study aims to describe the current state of telestroke clinical applications and policies, in addition to key technical and operational aspects of the telemedicine practice. RECENT FINDINGS:Delivery of telestroke services for neurovascular care expanded from the intravenous alteplase decision an...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-017-0895-1
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:Moderate or severe aortic regurgitation (AR) occurs in 0.5% of the population and typically peaks in the fourth to sixth decade of life. A significant proportion of patients have prohibitive surgical risk and are therefore treated medically with pharmacological management of heart failure and no d...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-020-01338-6
更新日期：2020-07-28 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review discusses the complementary roles of echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance in the diagnosis and management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). RECENT FINDINGS:Imaging using novel echocardiographic techniques and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in HCM has...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-017-0897-z
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11886-019-1188-7
更新日期：2019-07-29 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-999-0069-x
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-013-0379-x
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-000-0082-6
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Monoclonal antibodies that inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) have emerged as a novel approach to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering. The potential role of PCSK9 inhibitors in clinical practice will be reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS:Clinical trials have demonst...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-017-0882-6
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Real-time 3-dimensional (3-D) imaging of cardiovascular injury and regeneration remains challenging. We introduced a multi-scale imaging strategy that uses light-sheet illumination to enable applications of cardiovascular injury and repair in models ranging from zebrafish to rodent hearts. RECENT FIN...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-018-0979-6
更新日期：2018-03-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditional transvenous approach for permanent cardiac pacing can be associated with significant acute and chronic complications related partly to either the insertion of transvenous lead or subcutaneous placement of pacemaker device. We summarize the current status of a novel self-contained leadless cardiac pacemaker...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-015-0619-3
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In this review, we summarise the evidence on the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive impairment and explore the role of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway as a causal mechanism. RECENT FINDINGS:Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that the presence of CVD and its risk ...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-017-0898-y
更新日期：2017-08-11 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:The aim of this review was to discuss the role of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for the prognostic stratification of cardiomyopathies, highlighting strengths and limitations. RECENT FINDINGS:CMR is considered as a diagnostic pillar in the management of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. Over the l...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-020-01311-3
更新日期：2020-06-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemic stroke threatens public health dramatically, and demographic changes promise to continue this epidemic. Although medical advances in risk factor modification, hypertensive control, and antiplatelet therapy have mitigated morbidity and mortality of cerebrovascular disease somewhat, stroke still costs billions ...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-007-0005-x
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recurrent pericarditis is one of the most troublesome complications of pericarditis occurring in about one third of patients with a previous attack of pericarditis. The pathogenesis is presumed to be autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory in most cases. The mainstay of therapy for recurrences is physical restriction and a...
journal_title：Current cardiology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11886-016-0727-8
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
