Abstract：
:Mitochondria in largely postmitotic cells (e.g. cardiomyocytes, neurons or skeletal muscle myotubes) have a limited life span of a few weeks. Their replacement during normal turnover requires an intergenomic coordination between the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA, encoding for 13 protein subunits of the respiratory chain, two mitochondrial rRNAs and the 22 mitochondrial tRNAs) and the nuclear genome (encoding for more than 99 % of the mitochondrial proteins). The mtDNA contains only a very small non-coding region, it is exposed to radicals generated by the respiratory chain during aerobic ATP formation, and mitochondrial DNA repair capacity is rather low. Therefore, oxidative damage of mtDNA, accumulating with age, should affect mitochondrially encoded proteins, but the high number of mitochondrial genomes (roughly 10 per mitochondrion) allows a certain degree of heteroplasmy (different genomes within a mitochondrion) without effects on phenotype. Therefore, age-associated increments in mtDNA damage are to a major extent an epiphenomenon. On the other hand, however, there are clonal accumulations of damaged/mutated mtDNA within individual cells up to homoplasmy of mutant mtDNA, which are either neutral with regard to phenotype or which cause substantial phenotype alterations: hyporespiratory phenotype (less radicals and less ATP!) or a phenotype with a dysproportionate respiratory chain, i.e. partial defects within the chain with enhanced radical formation proximal to this defect and with enhanced susceptibility to oxidative stress-triggered apoptosis, probably explaining the progressive loss of cardiomyocytes with advanced age. Thus, a minority of age-associated alterations in mtDNA may explain important features of the ageing heart: myocyte losses and myocyte heterogeneity. However, documentation of definite proof for this possibility is lacking and may be difficult.
journal_name
Basic Res Cardioljournal_title
Basic research in cardiologyauthors
Szibor M,Holtz Jdoi
10.1007/s00395-003-0421-zkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-07-01 00:00:00pages
210-8issue
4eissn
0300-8428issn
1435-1803journal_volume
98pub_type
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journal_title：Basic research in cardiology
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更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Basic research in cardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
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