Inflammation in atherosclerosis.

abstract：:Modern agriculture has accelerated biological methane and nitrogen cycling on a global scale. Freshwater sediments often receive increased downward fluxes of nitrate from agricultural runoff and upward fluxes of methane generated by anaerobic decomposition. In theory, prokaryotes should be capable of using nitrate to ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Raghoebarsing AA,Pol A,van de Pas-Schoonen KT,Smolders AJ,Ettwig KF,Rijpstra WI,Schouten S,Damsté JS,Op den Camp HJ,Jetten MS,Strous M

更新日期：2006-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The GAL4 protein activates transcription of the genes required for galactose utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein, consisting of 881 amino acids, is dimeric when bound to one of the approximately twofold symmetrical DNA sites present in the galactose upstream activating sequence (UASG). Here we use two...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Baleja JD,Marmorstein R,Harrison SC,Wagner G

更新日期：1992-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase is a functionally complex, membrane-bound respiratory enzyme which catalyses both the reduction of O2 to water and proton-pumping. During respiration, an exogenous donor, cytochrome c, donates four electrons to O2 bound at the bimetallic haem alpha 3 Fe-Cu centre within the enzyme. The...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wikström M

更新日期：1989-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been suspected of causing de novo copy number variation. To explore this issue, here we perform a whole-genome and transcriptome analysis of 20 human iPSC lines derived from the primary skin fibroblasts of seven individuals using next-generati...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Abyzov A,Mariani J,Palejev D,Zhang Y,Haney MS,Tomasini L,Ferrandino AF,Rosenberg Belmaker LA,Szekely A,Wilson M,Kocabas A,Calixto NE,Grigorenko EL,Huttner A,Chawarska K,Weissman S,Urban AE,Gerstein M,Vaccarino FM

更新日期：2012-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:L-glutamate, the neurotransmitter of the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain, acts on three classes of ionotropic receptors: NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate), AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid) and kainate receptors. Little is known about the physiological role of kainate receptors be...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mulle C,Sailer A,Pérez-Otaño I,Dickinson-Anson H,Castillo PE,Bureau I,Maron C,Gage FH,Mann JR,Bettler B,Heinemann SF

更新日期：1998-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Human epithelia are permanently challenged by bacteria and fungi, including commensal and pathogenic microbiota. In the gut, the fraction of strict anaerobes increases from proximal to distal, reaching 99% of bacterial species in the colon. At colonic mucosa, oxygen partial pressure is below 25% of airborne oxygen con...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schroeder BO,Wu Z,Nuding S,Groscurth S,Marcinowski M,Beisner J,Buchner J,Schaller M,Stange EF,Wehkamp J

更新日期：2011-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:At early stages of the mammalian visual cortex, neurons with similar stimulus selectivities are vertically arrayed through the thickness of the cortical sheet and clustered in patches or bands across the surface. This organization, referred to as a 'column', has been found with respect to one-dimensional stimulus para...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fujita I,Tanaka K,Ito M,Cheng K

更新日期：1992-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The terrestrial sediment record indicates that the Earth's climate varied drastically in the Precambrian era (before 550 million years ago), ranging from surface temperatures similar to or higher than today's to global glaciation events. The most continuous record of sea surface temperatures of that time has been deri...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Robert F,Chaussidon M

更新日期：2006-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to climate change is among the largest uncertainties affecting future climate change projections. The feedback between the terrestrial carbon cycle and climate is partly determined by changes in the turnover time of carbon in land ecosystems, which in turn is an ecosystem p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carvalhais N,Forkel M,Khomik M,Bellarby J,Jung M,Migliavacca M,Mu M,Saatchi S,Santoro M,Thurner M,Weber U,Ahrens B,Beer C,Cescatti A,Randerson JT,Reichstein M

更新日期：2014-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Megakaryocytopoiesis is the cellular developmental process that leads to platelet production. At least two humoral growth factors may be necessary for megakaryocyte proliferation and maturation. One is a megakaryocyte-colony stimulating factor (MK-CSF) which induces the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocy...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wendling F,Maraskovsky E,Debili N,Florindo C,Teepe M,Titeux M,Methia N,Breton-Gorius J,Cosman D,Vainchenker W

更新日期：1994-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Analytical tools that have spatial resolution at the nanometre scale are indispensable for the life and physical sciences. It is desirable that these tools also permit elemental and chemical identification on a scale of 10 nm or less, with large penetration depths. A variety of techniques in X-ray imaging are currentl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chao W,Harteneck BD,Liddle JA,Anderson EH,Attwood DT

更新日期：2005-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces the abandonment of a local realistic viewpoint--namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined before and independently of measurement, and in which no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Giustina M,Mech A,Ramelow S,Wittmann B,Kofler J,Beyer J,Lita A,Calkins B,Gerrits T,Nam SW,Ursin R,Zeilinger A

更新日期：2013-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Many physiological events require transient increases in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are ion channels that govern the release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in RyRs can lead to severe genetic conditions that affect both cardiac and skeletal muscle, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tung CC,Lobo PA,Kimlicka L,Van Petegem F

更新日期：2010-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The intestinal tract maintains proper function by replacing aged cells with freshly produced cells that arise from a population of self-renewing intestinal stem cells (ISCs). In the mammalian intestine, ISC self renewal, amplification and differentiation take place along the crypt-villus axis, and are controlled by th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Takashima S,Mkrtchyan M,Younossi-Hartenstein A,Merriam JR,Hartenstein V

更新日期：2008-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:In legumes, root nodule organogenesis is activated in response to morphogenic lipochitin oligosaccharides that are synthesized by bacteria, commonly known as rhizobia. Successful symbiotic interaction results in the formation of highly specialized organs called root nodules, which provide a unique environment for symb...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krusell L,Madsen LH,Sato S,Aubert G,Genua A,Szczyglowski K,Duc G,Kaneko T,Tabata S,de Bruijn F,Pajuelo E,Sandal N,Stougaard J

更新日期：2002-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Maternal immune activation (MIA) contributes to behavioural abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in both primate and rodent offspring. In humans, epidemiological studies suggest that exposure of fetuses to maternal inflammation increases the likelihood of developing autism spectrum disorder. In p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kim S,Kim H,Yim YS,Ha S,Atarashi K,Tan TG,Longman RS,Honda K,Littman DR,Choi GB,Huh JR

更新日期：2017-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Biochemical and structural studies have shown that the initiation of RNA polymerase II transcription proceeds in the following stages: assembly of the polymerase with general transcription factors and promoter DNA in a 'closed' preinitiation complex (PIC); unwinding of about 15 base pairs of the promoter DNA to form a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fazal FM,Meng CA,Murakami K,Kornberg RD,Block SM

更新日期：2015-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In response to environmental cues that promote IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) generation, IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) located on the endoplasmic reticulum allow the 'quasisynaptical' feeding of calcium to the mitochondria to promote oxidative phosphorylation. However, persistent Ca2+ release results in mitochondrial Ca2...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kuchay S,Giorgi C,Simoneschi D,Pagan J,Missiroli S,Saraf A,Florens L,Washburn MP,Collazo-Lorduy A,Castillo-Martin M,Cordon-Cardo C,Sebti SM,Pinton P,Pagano M

更新日期：2017-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of language origin and divergence is important for understanding the history of human populations and their cultures. The Sino-Tibetan language family is the second largest in the world after Indo-European, and there is a long-running debate about its phylogeny and the time depth of its original divergence1....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang M,Yan S,Pan W,Jin L

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) mega-enzyme complexes are modular assembly lines that are involved in the biosynthesis of numerous peptide metabolites independently of the ribosome. The multiple interactions between catalytic domains within the NRPS machinery are further complemented by additional interactions...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Haslinger K,Peschke M,Brieke C,Maximowitsch E,Cryle MJ

更新日期：2015-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to direct a movement towards a visual stimulus, visual spatial information must be combined with postural information. For example, directing gaze (eye plus head) towards a visible target requires the combination of retinal image location with eye and head position to determine the location of the target rela...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Snyder LH,Grieve KL,Brotchie P,Andersen RA

更新日期：1998-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most exciting events in recent years in molecular biology was the discovery of the left-handed Z form of the DNA double helix. Originally found in linear self-complementary d(GC)x . d(GC)x polymers and oligomers in non-physiological conditions (a rather high salt concentration), it was recently shown to be ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Frank-Kamenetskii MD,Vologodskii AV

更新日期：1984-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:In bacteria, archaea, fungi and plants the Trk, Ktr and HKT ion transporters are key components of osmotic regulation, pH homeostasis and resistance to drought and high salinity. These ion transporters are functionally diverse: they can function as Na(+) or K(+) channels and possibly as cation/K(+) symporters. They ar...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vieira-Pires RS,Szollosi A,Morais-Cabral JH

更新日期：2013-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:During the evolution of the beta-globin family gene in vertebrates, different globin genes acquired different developmental patterns of expression. In mammals, specific 'embryonic' beta-like globins are synthesized in the earliest erythroid cells, which differentiate in the yolk sac of the embryo. In most mammals the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chada K,Magram J,Costantini F

更新日期：1986-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus is widely studied as the mechanisms involved in its induction and maintenance are believed to underlie fundamental properties of learning and memory in vertebrates. Most synapses that exhibit LTP use an excitatory amino-acid neurotransmitter that acts on two types of rec...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Davies SN,Lester RA,Reymann KG,Collingridge GL

更新日期：1989-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:White dwarfs represent the endpoint of stellar evolution for stars with initial masses between approximately 0.07 and 8-10, where is the mass of the Sun (more massive stars end their life as either black holes or neutron stars). The theory of stellar evolution predicts that the majority of white dwarfs have a core mad...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dufour P,Liebert J,Fontaine G,Behara N

更新日期：2007-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin of eukaryotes stands as a major conundrum in biology. Current evidence indicates that the last eukaryotic common ancestor already possessed many eukaryotic hallmarks, including a complex subcellular organization. In addition, the lack of evolutionary intermediates challenges the elucidation of the relative ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pittis AA,Gabaldón T

更新日期：2016-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The foundation of western civilization owes much to the high fertility of bread wheat, which results from the stability of its polyploid genome. Despite possessing multiple sets of related chromosomes, hexaploid (bread) and tetraploid (pasta) wheat both behave as diploids at meiosis. Correct pairing of homologous chro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Griffiths S,Sharp R,Foote TN,Bertin I,Wanous M,Reader S,Colas I,Moore G

更新日期：2006-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Most sensory information destined for the neocortex is relayed through the thalamus, where considerable transformation occurs1,2. One means of transformation involves interactions between excitatory thalamocortical neurons that carry data to the cortex and inhibitory neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) tha...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Martinez-Garcia RI,Voelcker B,Zaltsman JB,Patrick SL,Stevens TR,Connors BW,Cruikshank SJ

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organelles display characteristic morphologies that are intimately tied to their cellular function, but how organelles are shaped is poorly understood. The endoplasmic reticulum is particularly intriguing, as it comprises morphologically distinct domains, including a dynamic network of interconnected membrane tubules....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Powers RE,Wang S,Liu TY,Rapoport TA

更新日期：2017-03-09 00:00:00