Abstract:
:L-glutamate, the neurotransmitter of the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain, acts on three classes of ionotropic receptors: NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate), AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid) and kainate receptors. Little is known about the physiological role of kainate receptors because in many experimental situations it is not possible to distinguish them from AMPA receptors. Mice with disrupted kainate receptor genes enable the study of the specific role of kainate receptors in synaptic transmission as well as in the neurotoxic effects of kainate. We have now generated mutant mice lacking the kainate-receptor subunit GluR6. The hippocampal neurons in the CA3 region of these mutant mice are much less sensitive to kainate. In addition, a postsynaptic kainate current evoked in CA3 neurons by a train of stimulation of the mossy fibre system is absent in the mutant. We find that GluR6-deficient mice are less susceptible to systemic administration of kainate, as judged by onset of seizures and by the activation of immediate early genes in the hippocampus. Our results indicate that kainate receptors containing the GluR6 subunit are important in synaptic transmission as well as in the epileptogenic effects of kainate.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Mulle C,Sailer A,Pérez-Otaño I,Dickinson-Anson H,Castillo PE,Bureau I,Maron C,Gage FH,Mann JR,Bettler B,Heinemann SFdoi
10.1038/33408subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-04-09 00:00:00pages
601-5issue
6676eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
392pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::The crystal structure of Escherichia coli GroEL shows a porous cylinder of 14 subunits made of two nearly 7-fold rotationally symmetrical rings stacked back-to-back with dyad symmetry. The subunits consist of three domains: a large equatorial domain that forms the foundation of the assembly at its waist and holds the ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/371578a0
更新日期:1994-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane remodelling plays an important role in cellular tasks such as endocytosis, vesiculation and protein sorting, and in the biogenesis of organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus. It is well established that the remodelling process is aided by specialized proteins that can sense as well...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05840
更新日期:2007-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::Deaf children whose access to usable conventional linguistic input, signed or spoken, is severely limited nevertheless use gesture to communicate. These gestures resemble natural language in that they are structured at the level both of sentence and of word. Although the inclination to use gesture may be traceable to ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/34646
更新日期:1998-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The spread of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria has sustained a continuing search for new agents with antibacterial activity against this important class of bacterial pathogen. Because the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unique to Gram-negative bacteria and required by them for growth and vir...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/329162a0
更新日期:1987-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::The growth of plants depends on continuous function of the meristems. Shoot meristems are responsible for all the post-embryonic aerial organs, such as leaves, stems and flowers. It has been assumed that the phytohormone cytokinin has a positive role in shoot meristem function. A severe reduction in the size of merist...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05504
更新日期:2007-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::A central aspect of neuronal function is how each nerve cell translated synaptic input into a sequence of action potentials that carry information along the axon, coded as spike frequency. When transduction from a graded depolarizing input to spikes is studied by injecting a depolarizing current, there is often a rema...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/336379a0
更新日期:1988-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system, is known to operate bicuculline-sensitive Cl- channels through GABAA receptors and bicuculline-insensitive cation channels through GABAB receptors. Recent observations indicate that the retina may contain GABA receptor...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/361159a0
更新日期:1993-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Many voltage-dependent K+ channels open when the membrane is depolarized and then rapidly close by a process called inactivation. Neurons use inactivating K+ channels to modulate their firing frequency. In Shaker-type K+ channels, the inactivation gate, which is responsible for the closing of the channel, is formed by...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35079500
更新日期:2001-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Human T-cell receptors for antigen and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants have now been defined on inducer, suppressor, and class 1 and class 2 MHC-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes as T3-associated clonotypic molecules (Ti) of relative molecular mass 90,000 (90K) composed of one 49-54K alpha- and one ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/312269a0
更新日期:1984-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Genome instability is central to ageing, cancer and other diseases. It is not only proteins involved in DNA replication or the DNA damage response (DDR) that are important for maintaining genome integrity: from yeast to higher eukaryotes, mutations in genes involved in pre-mRNA splicing and in the biogenesis and expor...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13374
更新日期:2014-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Heritable epigenetic polymorphisms, such as differential cytosine methylation, can underlie phenotypic variation. Moreover, wild strains of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana differ in many epialleles, and these can influence the expression of nearby genes. However, to understand their role in evolution, it is imperative ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10555
更新日期:2011-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Migration of cells in higher organisms is mediated by adhesion receptors, such as integrins, that link the cell to extracellular-matrix ligands, transmitting forces and signals necessary for locomotion. Whether cells will migrate or not on a given substratum, and also their speed, depends on several variables related ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/385537a0
更新日期:1997-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::In order to direct a movement towards a visual stimulus, visual spatial information must be combined with postural information. For example, directing gaze (eye plus head) towards a visible target requires the combination of retinal image location with eye and head position to determine the location of the target rela...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/29777
更新日期:1998-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::As the extracellular matrix at the original site of a neuromuscular junction seems to play a major part in the specificity of synaptic regeneration, considerable attention has been paid to unique molecules localized to this region. Here we describe an extracellular matrix glycoprotein of the elasmobranch electric orga...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/314441a0
更新日期:1985-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::Octopamine is highly concentrated in neurones of several invertebrate species. Unlike in mammals, octopaminergic neurones in invertebrates are spatially separated from catecholaminergic neurons. In identified nerve cells of Aplysia, however, this amine coexists with other putative neurotransmitters. Octopamine is synt...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/265501a0
更新日期:1977-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic testing will become the future standard of medical care. Life insurers will also need access to genetic information if the insurance industry is to survive intact and if cover is to remain affordable. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/376013a0
更新日期:1995-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::It has been established that many eukaryotic mRNAs contain poly(adenylic acid) tracts at their 3'-termini. The polyadenylation of mRNA occurs post-transcriptionally in the nucleus as a rapid, initial addition of 100-200 adenylate residues to the pre-mRNA (ref. 1). Subsequently, a slower chain extension (6-8 bases) of ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/267178a0
更新日期:1977-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to recognize information that is incongruous with previous experience is critical for survival. Novelty signals have therefore evolved in the mammalian brain to enhance attention, perception and memory1,2. Although the importance of regions such as the ventral tegmental area3,4 and locus coeruleus5 in broa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2771-1
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is common knowledge that our feelings of alertness or drowsiness vary throughout the day. Indeed, this diurnal variation is so widely accepted that it has been used to validate the drowsy/alert component of activation obtained from mood adjective checklists. There is, however, some evidence from sleep deprivation a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/313678a0
更新日期:1985-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Visible-light absorption and transport of the resultant electronic excitations to a reaction centre through Förster resonance energy transfer1-3 (FRET) are critical to the operation of biological light-harvesting systems4, and are used in various artificial systems made of synthetic dyes5, polymers6 or nanodots7,8. Th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03081-y
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alpha beta T-cell receptors (TCRs) react with complex ligands composed of peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. In the absence of foreign antigens the peptides bound to MHC molecules come from the proteins of the host itself. Interactions between TCRs and these self-peptide-MHC ligands...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/369151a0
更新日期:1994-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Many receptors for neuropeptides and hormones are coupled with the heterotrimeric G(i) protein, which activates the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) cascade through both the alpha- and betagamma-subunits of G(i). The betagamma-subunit activates the ERK/MAPK cascade through tyrosine kinase. Constituti...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/23738
更新日期:1999-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::The fundus of the guinea-pig stomach actively dilates in response to low increases in intragastric pressure. This physiological response, now called adaptive relaxation, accommodates the intake of liquid or food. It is independent of external innervation, resistant to ganglion blockade, but reflex in origin. The nerve...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/351477a0
更新日期:1991-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Satellite observations have transformed our understanding of the Antarctic cryosphere. The continent holds the vast majority of Earth's fresh water, and blankets swathes of the Southern Hemisphere in ice. Reductions in the thickness and extent of floating ice shelves have disturbed inland ice, triggering retreat, acce...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0171-6
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amino-acid radicals play key roles in many enzymatic reactions. Catalysis often involves transfer of a radical character within the protein, as in class I ribonucleotide reductase where radical transfer occurs over 35 A, from a tyrosyl radical to a cysteine. It is currently debated whether this kind of long-range tran...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35014644
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modern chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) possess a highly conserved skeleton of eight shell plates (valves) surrounded by spicules or scales, and fossil evidence suggests that the chiton skeleton has changed little since the first appearance of the class in the Late Cambrian period (about 500 million years before pre...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02548
更新日期:2004-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Proviruses of avian leukosis virus (ALV) are located in the vicinity of a putative cellular oncogene (c-myc) in ALV-induced bursal lymphomas. Enhanced expression of c-myc occurs in association with proviruses found in any of three configurations: (I) on the 5' side ('upstream') of c-myc in the same transcriptional ori...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/295209a0
更新日期:1982-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::It has been proposed that the hypothalamus helps to control ageing, but the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Here we develop several mouse models in which hypothalamic stem/progenitor cells that co-express Sox2 and Bmi1 are ablated, as we observed that ageing in mice started with a substantial loss of these hypo...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature23282
更新日期:2017-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::Cells operate in dynamic environments using extraordinary communication capabilities that emerge from the interactions of genetic circuitry. The mammalian immune response is a striking example of the coordination of different cell types. Cell-to-cell communication is primarily mediated by signalling molecules that for...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09145
更新日期:2010-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::The protein TFIIB is a general transcription initiation factor that interacts with a promoter complex (D.DNA) containing the TATA-binding subunit (TFIID tau, or TBP) of TFIID to facilitate subsequent interaction with RNA polymerase II (ref. 2) through the associated TFIIF (ref. 3). The potential bridging function of T...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/363744a0
更新日期:1993-06-24 00:00:00