Abstract:
:In order to gain basic understanding in the ecotoxicity of endocrine disrupting chemicals or EDCs (including natural chemicals and some pharmaceuticals), many international research groups are currently testing these chemicals using aquatic invertebrates. This paper discusses relevant examples to address key questions: which aquatic invertebrates are likely to be vulnerable to mammalian and non-mammalian EDCs; and which types of invertebrate chronic tests might be most sensitive and cost-effective to address potential environmental exposures? For a full review of invertebrate endocrine disrupter research see Endocrine Disruption in Invertebrates: Endocrinology, Testing and Assessment (1999). As an example, crustaceans are a particular focus of EDC research, reflecting their abundance in nature, commercial importance and their inclusion in the regulatory assessment schemes for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). There is a diverse literature on the developmental and reproductive effects of mammalian EDCs in Crustacea, although there is growing evidence that such effects are probably not mediated via arthropod hormone systems. For example, recent studies in Europe using a marine copepod (Tisbe battagliai) life-cycle test have evaluated ecdysteroid agonists (e.g. 20-hydroxyecdysone), oestrogen agonists (e.g. diethylstilbestrol (DES), 17beta-oestradiol, oestrone and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol) and the pharmaceutical anti-oestrogen (ZM189, 154). While 20-hydroxyecdysone and DES were highly toxic, the other compounds tested show no significant toxicity to copepods. Furthermore, in vitro studies indicate that these environmental EDCs and several related APIs are not active against the ecdysteroid receptor. Therefore, other undefined modes of action appear to be responsible for crustacean toxicity in vivo and caution should be exercised before ascribing any apical effects to endogenous endocrine mechanisms, or before crustacean "EDC" data are extrapolated to other invertebrate taxa.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Hutchinson THdoi
10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00046-2keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-05-10 00:00:00pages
75-81issue
1-2eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S0378427402000462journal_volume
131pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Breathing pattern and lung mechanical parameters were measured in 7 female Wistar rats (ca. 200 g) during exposure to 1.0 (n = 5) or 1.3 (n = 2) ppm ozone in air for 2 h and during a 2-h post-exposure observation period. Changes in breathing pattern showed a gradual decrease from 3 to 2 Hz at constant minute ventilati...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90036-1
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of melatonin on potassium cyanide-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in vivo. The ED50 value of potassium cyanide, as measured by induction of tonic and clonic seizures, was significantly increased by 1.5- or 1.8-fold by s.c. preinjection of melatonin (20, 100 or 345 mg/kg) in mice. The preventive effec...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(96)03671-5
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mercury is the major component of dental amalgam restorative material, which typically has 50% pure elemental mercury. It is also used in some skin creams, and in the manufacturing of plastic, drugs and fungicides. The present study was designed to investigate the toxicity of methyl mercury (MeHg+) on isolated rat hep...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(93)90149-r
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rat and canine hepatocyte suspensions were exposed to toxic concentrations of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and ionophore A-23187 in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium (Ca2+) and alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TS). The exogenous administration of alpha-TS (25 microM) completely protected hepatocytes f...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(89)90086-6
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inorganic arsenic (As), the most toxic form of As found in water and food, is considered a human carcinogen. Numerous studies show its systemic toxicity, describing pathologies associated with chronic exposure. The main pathway of exposure to inorganic As is oral, but many of the events that occur during its passage t...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.011
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although CSL box jellyfish antivenom (AV) remains the primary treatment for Chironex fleckeri envenoming, there has been considerable debate regarding its clinical effectiveness. Animal studies have shown that AV is largely ineffective in preventing C. fleckeri-induced cardiovascular collapse. This study examined the ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.008
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fast growing applications of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in food sector and other fields enhance the exposure possibility of human beings to ZnO NPs including via oral administration route. Although the oral toxicity of ZnO NPs has been studied, most of the research was performed on the normal animal models. Therefore...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.038
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperbilirubinemia is a common clinical phenomenon observed in human newborns. A high level of bilirubin can result in severe jaundice and bilirubin encephalopathy. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying bilirubin excitotoxicity are unclear. Our previous studies showed the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.008
更新日期:2016-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::On chronic administration of 20 microliter of chilli extract to the cheek pouch of hamsters till death, 23% of the hamsters developed shrunken eye balls and closing of the eyelids. This effect was not observed in hamsters which received a single application of the potent carcinogen methylacetoxymethyl nitrosamine (DMN...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(85)90002-5
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde), the major metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE), was investigated for its potential to form DNA-protein cross-links (DPX), a lesion produced by other aldehydes. Chloral did not form DPX in rat liver nuclei at concentrations up to 250 mM for 30 min at 37 degrees C, while chloroacetaldeh...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(88)90076-8
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo effects of model cadmium-containing silica nanoparticles (SiNPs-Cd, 1 mg/rat) were investigated by i.t. instillation in rats to evaluate potential effects on secondary target organ, e.g., kidney. Specific endpoints and pathological outcomes were focused to assess inflammation and fibrosis in renal tissue, 7 an...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.021
更新日期:2015-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Malignant gliomas are the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor, and for which differentiation therapy has emerged as a promising candidate strategy. In this study, we used in vitro and in vivo assays to examine the differentiation effects of wogonin, a major active constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.07.013
更新日期:2013-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Increased glutamate release is associated with serious neurological disorders such as epilepsy, stroke, Alzheimer's disease and other brain injuries. Excessive glutamate release and subsequent glutamatergic neuronal stimulation increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn induce oxidative st...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00233-1
更新日期:1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Lead (Pb) alters the susceptibility to different pathogens suggesting that macrophage-mediated defense mechanisms, through activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), may be affected by Pb. The aim of this study was to test whether activation of TLR4 is a targeted molecule to the effect of environmentally relevant Pb co...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.09.009
更新日期:2012-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::A previous study revealed that a single i.p. administration of 6 mg/kg body wt. of mercuric chloride (MC) durably inhibits the rat cerebral microvascular Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity [1]. In this study, cerebral microvessels isolated 18 h after MC treatment were compared to those obtained from control rats and subsequentl...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90127-9
更新日期:1994-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular senescence is characterized by irreversible cell arrest and is associated with the development of chronic diseases, including cancer. Here, we investigated the induction of cellular senescence during liver carcinogenesis. Liver cancer was induced in Fischer 344 rats with a weekly intraperitoneal injection of ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.011
更新日期:2016-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Betel quid chewing, which contributes high concentration of safrole in saliva, is a popular oral habit in Taiwan. Safrole is a documented rodent hepatocarcinogen, yet its hepatocarcinogenic potential in human is not known. Here, we used LC/ESI-ITMS(n) and LC/QTOF-MS confirmed safrole-dGMP as reference standard to dete...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.09.013
更新日期:2008-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study demonstrates an intraspecies difference in elimination of methylmercury between two genetic variant strains of mice. Following a single non-toxic dose of 203Hg labeled methylmercury (0.5 mg Hg/kg i.p.), the half-time of 203Hg elimination in the CBA/J inbred strain was 7.4 days compared to 3.0 days in the CF...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(80)90114-9
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of sodium selenite administered acutely or repeatedly on the biochemical components of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase enzyme system was examined in male rats. 72 h following acute administration of selenium (2.4 mg Se/kg, i.p.), there was a significant decrease in ethylmorphine-N-demethylase activity ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90057-7
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dopaminergic system dysfunction is proved to be a possible mechanism in acrylamide (ACR) -induced neurotoxicity. The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) has an increasingly important role in the dopaminergic system. Thus, the goal of this study is to evaluate effects of ACR on dopamine and its metabolite levels, dopamine t...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.04.017
更新日期:2015-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, concern about possible female reproductive and developmental toxicity due to environmental contaminants, such as PCBs, has been growing. Because this area of toxicology had not been emphasized prior to this time, there are many gaps in current knowledge about female developmental and reproductive toxi...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90089-2
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nephrotoxicity limits the therapeutic efficacy of the antineoplastic drug cisplatin. Due to dosage adjustment and appropriate monitoring, most therapeutic courses with cisplatin produce no or minimal kidney damage. However, we studied whether even sub-nephrotoxic dosage of cisplatin poses a potential risk for the kidn...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.033
更新日期:2015-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Morusin is a prenylated flavonoid that has been isolated from the root bark of the mulberry tree (Morus species, Moraceae), a Chinese traditional medicine. It has been synthesized by our laboratory from commercially available phloroglucinol, and has demonstrated to possess antitumor effects of cell lines including A54...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.031
更新日期:2015-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::The development of efficacious and safe new human pharmaceuticals continues to be highly dependent on well-designed and carefully executed animal toxicology studies. Although the protocols of most toxicology studies now conform to a standard format, careful selection of the most appropriate and relevant laboratory spe...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00263-x
更新日期:1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Generally recognized as safe (GRAS), a system for review and approval of ingredients for addition to food, was conceived at a time when the need for a less doctrinaire review of food ingredients was critical. The GRAS approval process for a food ingredient relies on the judgment of "...experts qualified by scientific ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.07.004
更新日期:2004-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Fusarenon-X (FX), a type B trichothecene mycotoxin, is mainly produced by Fusarium crookwellense, which occurs naturally in agricultural commodities, such as wheat and barley. FX has been shown to exert a variety of toxic effects on multiple targets in vitro. However, the embryonic toxicity of FX in vivo remains uncle...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.843
更新日期:2014-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::Ethylene (ET) is the largest volume organic chemical. Mammals metabolize the olefin to ethylene oxide (EO), another important industrial chemical. The epoxide alkylates macromolecules and has mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. In order to estimate the EO burden in mice, rats, and humans resulting from inhalation e...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.896
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in urine was measured in patients with 'itai-itai' disease, from chronically advanced cadmium poisoning. Elevation of NAG activity, however, was not so marked as that of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) in the urine of patients and suspected patients. We conclude that the...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90193-5
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adverse effects on the immune system resulting from acute and subchronic exposure to immunotoxic compounds can be divided into the following three categories. One is the tissue manifestations induced by either immunosuppressive or immunomodulative compounds through the interactions of the drug or its metabolites w...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(92)90177-l
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Harmonisation of risk assessment (RA) is one of the priorities for sound chemical management set by Chapter 19, Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) 1992 Earth Summit. The benefits of harmonisation are self evident and include transportability and consistency of RA outc...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00313-0
更新日期:1998-12-28 00:00:00