Abstract:
:To assess the relationship between the within-host diversity of malaria infections and the susceptibility of the host to subsequent infection, we genotyped 60 children's successive infections from birth through 3 years of life. MSP-1 Block2 genotypes were used to estimate the complexity of infection (COI). Malaria transmission and age were positively associated with the number of K1 and Mad20 alleles detected (COI(KM)) (P < 0.003). Controlling for previous parasitemia, transmission, drug treatment, parasite density, sickle cell, and age, COI(KM) was negatively correlated with resistance to parasitemia of > 500/microl (P < 0.0001). Parasitemias with the RO-genotype were more resistant than those without this genotype (P < 0.0000). The resistance in low COI(KM) infections was not genotype specific. We discuss the impact of genotype-transcending immunity to conserved antigenic determinants. We also propose a diversity-driven immunomodulation hypothesis that may explain the delayed development of natural immunity in the first few years of life and suggest that interventions that decrease the COI(KM) could facilitate the development of protective immunity.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Branch OH,Takala S,Kariuki S,Nahlen BL,Kolczak M,Hawley W,Lal AAdoi
10.1128/iai.69.12.7783-7792.2001keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-12-01 00:00:00pages
7783-92issue
12eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522pii
10.1128/IAI.69.12.7783-7792.2001journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章abstract::An immunomodulatory role of arthropod saliva has been well documented, but evidence for an effect on Plasmodium sp. infectiousness remains controversial. Mosquito saliva may orient the immune response toward a Th2 profile, thereby priming a Th2 response against subsequent antigens, including Plasmodium. Orientation to...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.06414-11
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mannan (MAN) extracted from Candida albicans 20A was investigated for its potential as an antigen in the detection of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in vivo and in vitro and for its ability to modulate CMI when administered intravenously (i.v.). CBA/J mice were either immunized as adults by the cutaneous inoculation of ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.3.693-700.1989
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Free lipid A of Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria meningitidis, and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was prepared by hydrolysis in acetate buffer (pH 4.5); in addition, lipid A from B. pertussis and E. coli was prepared by hydrolysis in mineral acid (HCl). The precipitates obtained were purified by extraction m...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.54.2.465-471.1986
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the recent bioterrorism-related outbreaks, inhalational anthrax had a 45% mortality in spite of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, underscoring the need for better adjuvant therapies. The variable latency between exposure and development of disease suggests an important role for the host's innate immune respons...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.72.3.1291-1297.2004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the process of phagocytosis, human leukocytes emit a burst of luminescence which can be measured in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. The enzyme superoxide dismutase, which removes superoxide anions (O(2.)), inhibited this chemiluminescence by 70% at a concentration of 100 mug/ml. The enzyme did not inhibit ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1974-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The susceptibility of HeLa cells to Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced injury was examined. Infections were initiated with relatively low mycoplasma doses, carried out in a culture medium incapable of supporting M. pneumoniae replication in the absence of host cells, and monitored for up to 10 days. Under these conditions,...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.8.2054-2059.1988
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Restoration of the ability of hypogammaglobulinemic serum to support opsonophagocytosis and intracellular killing of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was achieved by supplementation with normal human immunoglobulin M, but not with normal human immunoglobulin G...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 was examined for the presence of cell-associated levan by absorption of myeloma proteins with antilevan activity and direct immunofluorescence. Levan was not detectable on the surface of glucose-grown A. viscosus, but after a brief incubation of these cells with 5% sucrose, they were en...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.19.2.711-719.1978
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were partially characterized and tested for their ability to inhibit penetration of Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells by sporozoites of Eimeria bovis. By indirect fluorescent-antibody assays, all MAbs reacted with acetone-fixed sporozoites, but only two MAbs, EbS9 (immunoglobulin...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.10.2538-2543.1988
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of butyric acid, an extracellular metabolite from periodontopathic bacteria, to induce apoptosis in murine WEHI 231 cells, splenic B cells, and human RAJI cells was examined. The culture filtrate of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella loescheii, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, which contains high a percentag...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.6.2587-2594.1998
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of antigenically conserved surface components of Haemophilus ducreyi may facilitate the development of reagents to diagnose and prevent chancroid. A hybridoma derived from a mouse immunized with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae produced a monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated 3B9, that bound to 35 of ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.2.385-391.1992
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inbred mouse strains differ in their susceptibility to infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, largely due to delayed or deficient innate immune responses. Previous antibody depletion studies suggested that neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMN]) were particularly import...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00085-18
更新日期:2018-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::Shiga toxin type 1 (Stx1) belongs to the Shiga family of bipartite AB toxins that inactivate eukaryotic 60S ribosomes. The A subunit of Stxs are N-glycosidases that share structural and functional features in their catalytic center and in an internal hydrophobic region that shows strong transmembrane propensity. Both ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.11.5252-5259.1998
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Otitis media developed in 67% of chinchillas inoculated intranasally with type 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus. Only 4% of chinchillas inoculated with influenza alone and 21% of chinchillas inoculated with S. pneumoniae alone developed otitis media. Among the chinchillas that developed otitis media af...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multiple antigen peptide (MAP) approach is an effective method to chemically synthesize and deliver multiple T-cell and B-cell epitopes as the constituents of a single immunogen. Here we report on the design, chemical synthesis, and immunogenicity of three Plasmodium falciparum MAP vaccines that incorporated antig...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00533-10
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunostimulation provided by the mycobacterial cell wall has been exploited for many decades, e.g., in Freund's complete adjuvant. Recently, the underlying mechanism behind this adjuvant activity, including Toll receptor signaling, has begun to be unraveled, confirming the potential of mycobacterial constituents ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.9.5817-5826.2005
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the cloning, molecular characterization, and purification of functionally active recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from the human bloodfluke Schistosoma japonicum. The GAPDH homolog from the related species Schistosoma mansoni has shown correlation of antibody titer to resistance t...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.11.4716-4723.1993
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adherence of Enterococcus faecalis strains to human T24 cells was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Five highly adhesive strains were identified from 30 strains isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections. No efficiently adhesive strains were found among the 30 strains isolated from t...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of macrophages was assessed in strains of mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 1,000 times the 50% lethal dose of Rickettsia akari. Macrophages from mice resistant to R. akari infection (C3H/HeN, C57BL/10J, and BALB/cN) were nonspecifically tumoricidal 2 to 4 days after rickettsial inoculation. Moreover, ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.36.3.1096-1101.1982
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus gordonii, oral bacteria that possess Gal/GalNAc- and sialic acid-reactive lectins, respectively, were adherent to immobilized secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and two IgA1 myeloma proteins but not to two IgA2 myeloma proteins. Apparently, O-linked oligosaccharides at the hinge ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.12.5421-5424.1996
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied polyacryl starch microparticles as an adjuvant in oral vaccination in mice. Secreted antigens from Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis were administered covalently conjugated to microparticles, or as free antigens, orally or intramuscularly and evaluated for their immunogenicity and ability to elic...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.3.1434-1442.2002
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We isolated a monoclonal antibody directed against the ferric complex of aerobactin purified from Escherichia coli KH576. This antibody, which we designated MAb AERO1, was identified as an immunoglobulin G, subtype 2. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with MAb AERO1 had a limit of 10 nM for the detection...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.3.768-772.1992
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The American Heart Association supports an association between periodontal diseases and atherosclerosis but not a causal association. This study explores the use of the integrin β6(-/-) mouse model to study the causality. We investigated the ability of a polymicrobial consortium of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01077-15
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Murine monoclonal antibodies were generated against streptolysin O. One out of 10 tested immunoglobulin clones exhibited strong neutralizing activity; in solution, the presence of approximately two to four antibody molecules per toxin monomer effected 50% neutralization of hemolytic toxin activity. An enzyme-linked im...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.54.3.641-645.1986
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the widely held belief that gastric acid serves as a barrier to bacterial pathogens, there are almost no experimental data to support this hypothesis. We have developed a mouse model to quantify the effectiveness of gastric acid in mediating resistance to infection with ingested bacteria. Mice that were consti...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01138-07
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guinea pigs sensitized by repeated skin testing with potent, merthiolated coccidioidin, equal to Smith standard, exhibited erythema, edema, and an induration-like reaction to intradermal injection of the preparation. No statistically significant migration inhibition of peritoneal exudate macrophages from these animals...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.7.2.226-230.1973
更新日期:1973-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus can produce a wide variety of exotoxins, including toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), staphylococcal enterotoxins, and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins. These toxins share superantigenic activity. To investigate the beta chain (Vbeta) specificities of each of these toxins, TSST-1 and al...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01388-08
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen capable of invading primary cultures of normal human gingival epithelial cells (NHGEC). Involvement of P. gingivalis fimbriae in the invasion process was examined. Purified P. gingivalis 33277 fimbriae blocked invasion of this organism into NHGEC in a dose-dependent m...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.65.1.313-316.1997
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The listeriolysin gene from a weakly hemolytic but virulent strain of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a was cloned in Escherichia coli K-12. Recombinants were identified on the basis of their cross-reactivities to hyperimmune antisera raised against streptolysin O and listeriolysin. Low levels of hemolytic activity...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.8.2350-2357.1989
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled previous trial, the efficacy of Vi-rEPA for typhoid fever in 2- to 5-year-olds was 89.0% for 46 months. Vi-rEPA contained 25 microg of Vi and induced a greater-than-eightfold rise in immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-Vi in all of the vaccinees tested. In this investigati...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.11.6586-6588.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00