Lipid monolayer image dipoles.

abstract：:A number of genes associated with sexual traits and reproduction evolve at the sequence level faster than the majority of genes coding for non-sex-related traits. Whole genome analyses allow this observation to be extended beyond the limited set of genes that have been studied thus far. We use cDNA microarrays to demo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meiklejohn CD,Parsch J,Ranz JM,Hartl DL

更新日期：2003-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces neuropathological and clinical abnormalities in humans, monkeys, and mice that closely resemble idiopathic parkinsonism. N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), a metabolite of MPTP formed by monoamine oxidase B, is accumulated into striatal and cerebral cortical ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Javitch JA,D'Amato RJ,Strittmatter SM,Snyder SH

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since their discovery as cell-division factors in plant tissue culture about five decades ago, cytokinins have been hypothesized to play a central role in the regulation of cell division and differentiation in plants. To test this hypothesis in planta, we isolated Arabidopsis plants lacking one, two, or three of the g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Higuchi M,Pischke MS,Mähönen AP,Miyawaki K,Hashimoto Y,Seki M,Kobayashi M,Shinozaki K,Kato T,Tabata S,Helariutta Y,Sussman MR,Kakimoto T

更新日期：2004-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:An exciton is an electron-hole pair bound by attractive Coulomb interaction. Short-lived excitons have been detected by a variety of experimental probes in numerous contexts. An excitonic insulator, a collective state of such excitons, has been more elusive. Here, thanks to Nernst measurements in pulsed magnetic field...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang J,Nie P,Li X,Zuo H,Fauqué B,Zhu Z,Behnia K

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An ovarian cell line was developed that requires hormonal conditioning of the host for growth in vivo and that requires special factors for growth in vitro. It is necessary to prepare special culture media to demonstrate the effects of growth factors in vitro. To this end, methods were developed for removing from seru...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nishikawa K,Armelin HA,Sato G

更新日期：1975-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ig class-switch recombination (CSR) is directed by the long and repetitive switch regions and requires activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). One of the conserved switch-region sequence motifs (AGCT) is a preferred site for AID-mediated DNA-cytosine deamination. By using somatic gene targeting and recombinase-me...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Han L,Masani S,Yu K

更新日期：2011-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:We have generated mutants of Escherichia coli formylmethionine initiator tRNA in which one, two, and all three G X C base pairs in the GGGCCC sequence in the anticodon stem are changed to those found in E. coli elongator methionine tRNA. Overproduction of the mutant tRNAs using M13 recombinants as an expression vector...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seong BL,RajBhandary UL

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrogenase is an ATP-requiring enzyme capable of carrying out multielectron reductions of inert molecules. A purified remodeled nitrogenase containing two amino acid substitutions near the site of its FeMo cofactor was recently described as having the capacity to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4). Here, we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fixen KR,Zheng Y,Harris DF,Shaw S,Yang ZY,Dean DR,Seefeldt LC,Harwood CS

更新日期：2016-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Aire is a transcriptional regulator that induces expression of peripheral tissue antigens (PTA) in thymic medullary epithelial cells (MECs), driving immunological self-tolerance in differentiating T cells. To elucidate its mechanistic pathways, we examined its transcriptional impact in MECs in vivo by microarray analy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Giraud M,Yoshida H,Abramson J,Rahl PB,Young RA,Mathis D,Benoist C

更新日期：2012-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In rats fed the liver carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), the two most abundant types of DNA adduct are N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene and its deacetylated derivative. When plasmids carrying AAF adducts replicate in bacteria, the predominant mutations are frameshifts, whereas with deacetylated (AF) a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mah MC,Boldt J,Culp SJ,Maher VM,McCormick JJ

更新日期：1991-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The peroxidase-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of a linear aldehyde, leading to the next lower homologue in the triplet state, is accompanied by Norrish type II product ethylene when the substrate is pentanal. This system appears to provide an example of "photobiochemistry without light" because ethylene is a plant hormon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Knudsen FD,Campa A,Stefani HA,Cilento G

更新日期：1994-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK1) is an effector of both Ras/MEK/MAPK and PI3K/PDK1 pathways. We present evidence that RSK1 drives p27 phosphorylation at T198 to increase RhoA-p27 binding and cell motility. RSK1 activation and p27pT198 both increase in early G(1). As for many kinase-substrate pairs, cellular RSK1 copreci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Larrea MD,Hong F,Wander SA,da Silva TG,Helfman D,Lannigan D,Smith JA,Slingerland JM

更新日期：2009-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:We report on the location of the chain part of the retinylidene chromophore in the projected density of bacteriorhodopsin as determined by neutron diffraction from the two-dimensional purple membrane lattice. For this purpose, partially deuterated retinal was synthesized containing 10 deuterons at positions C-8, C-10,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seiff F,Wallat I,Ermann P,Heyn MP

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here we show how a simple inorganic salt can spontaneously form autocatalytic sets of replicating inorganic molecules that work via molecular recognition based on the {PMo12} ≡ [PMo12O40]3- Keggin ion, and {Mo36} ≡ [H3Mo57M6(NO)6O183(H2O)18]22- cluster. These small clusters are able to catalyze their own formation via...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miras HN,Mathis C,Xuan W,Long DL,Pow R,Cronin L

更新日期：2020-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Streptococcus pneumoniae cause considerable morbidity and mortality, with persistent neurological sequelae, particularly in young children and the elderly. It is widely assumed that carriage occurs through direct mucosal colonization from the environment whereas meningitis results from invasion from the blood. However...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Ginkel FW,McGhee JR,Watt JM,Campos-Torres A,Parish LA,Briles DE

更新日期：2003-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Circulating peripheral blood cells and disaggregated yolk sac cells were obtained from normal mouse embryos as early as day 9 of gestation, prior to the formation of the fetal liver. These were cultured in vitro in plasma clots or methylcellulose, in the presence of either embryonic fluid or adult spleen cell-conditio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wong PM,Clarke BJ,Carr DH,Chui DH

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Positive allosteric modulation of the mu-opioid receptor (MOPr), the site of action of all clinically used opioids, represents a potential approach for the management of pain. We recently reported on positive allosteric modulators of MOPr (mu-PAMs), a class A G protein coupled receptor (GPCR). This study was designed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Livingston KE,Traynor JR

更新日期：2014-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The HLA class II-associated invariant chain (Ii)-derived peptide (CLIP) occupies the peptide binding groove during assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum, travels with HLA class II to endosomal compartments, and is subsequently released to allow binding of antigenic peptides. We investigated whether the exchange of CLI...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Bergen J,Schoenberger SP,Verreck F,Amons R,Offringa R,Koning F

更新日期：1997-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein 2.1 is a 210-kilodalton protein that connects erythrocyte spectrin to the NH2-terminal cytoplasmic domain of band 3 and thereby functions as the essential linkage between the membrane skeleton and the bilayer. We cleaved this protein into specific chemical domains by limited digestion with trypsin and alpha-ch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wallin R,Culp EN,Coleman DB,Goodman SR

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arc repressor forms a homodimer in which the subunits intertwine to create a single globular domain. To obtain Arc sequences that fold preferentially as heterodimers, variants with surface patches of excess positive or negative charge were designed. Several but not all oppositely charged sequence pairs showed preferen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nohaile MJ,Hendsch ZS,Tidor B,Sauer RT

更新日期：2001-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of systemic PD134308 [0.1-3 mg/kg; an antagonist of the cholecystokinin (CCK) type B receptor], morphine, and intrathecal (i.t.) galanin (GAL) on the excitability of the spinal nociceptive flexor reflex and in the hot plate test were examined in rats. PD134308 caused a weak naloxone-reversible depression o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z,Xu XJ,Hughes J,Horwell DC,Hökfelt T

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because many survivors of mass extinctions do not participate in postrecovery diversifications, and therefore fall into a pattern that can be termed "Dead Clade Walking" (DCW), the effects of mass extinctions extend beyond the losses observed during the event itself. Analyses at two taxonomic levels provide a first-or...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jablonski D

更新日期：2002-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A posttranslational protein O-mannosylation process resembling that found in fungi and animals has been reported in the major human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and related actinobacteria. However, the role and incidence of this process, which is essential in eukaryotes, have never been explored in Mtb. W...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu CF,Tonini L,Malaga W,Beau M,Stella A,Bouyssié D,Jackson MC,Nigou J,Puzo G,Guilhot C,Burlet-Schiltz O,Rivière M

更新日期：2013-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A muscarone-binding material has been found in Torpedo electroplax. The material behaves in several ways as one would expect of the binding component of the acetylcholine receptor, especially in its high affinity for muscarone (approximate K = 7 x 10(-6)M), acetylcholine (approximate K = 1.1 x 10(-6)M), curare, and ni...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Brien RD,Gilmour LP

更新日期：1969-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By selective attachment of a DNA cleavage agent to specific residues in the yeast TATA box binding protein (yTBP), we demonstrate that, in solution, yTBP binds to the TATA boxes of both the adenovirus major late promoter and the yeast CYC1 promoter with only a modest preference in orientation and binds well to several...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cox JM,Hayward MM,Sanchez JF,Gegnas LD,van der Zee S,Dennis JH,Sigler PB,Schepartz A

更新日期：1997-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell couples have been formed by mixing an antigen- and Ia-specific cloned helper T-cell line with a B-cell hybridoma presenting the antigen. By immunofluorescence observations, we have shown that the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) inside the helper T cell, but not in the bound antigen-presenting cell, becomes o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kupfer A,Swain SL,Janeway CA Jr,Singer SJ

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) are pentameric oligomers in which binding sites for nicotinic agonists and competitive antagonists are found at selected subunit interfaces. The nAChR spontaneously exists in multiple conformations associated with its activation...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaczanowska K,Harel M,Radić Z,Changeux JP,Finn MG,Taylor P

更新日期：2014-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular basis for the absence of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in four independent sodium azide-induced ant18 mutants of barley was examined by sequencing the gene encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase in these mutants. Sodium azide generated 21 base substitutions, which corresponds to 0.17% of the 12,704 nu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Olsen O,Wang X,von Wettstein D

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic loss is the cardinal feature linking neuropathology to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism of synaptic damage remains incompletely understood. Here, using FRET-based glutamate sensor imaging, we show that amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) engages α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Talantova M,Sanz-Blasco S,Zhang X,Xia P,Akhtar MW,Okamoto S,Dziewczapolski G,Nakamura T,Cao G,Pratt AE,Kang YJ,Tu S,Molokanova E,McKercher SR,Hires SA,Sason H,Stouffer DG,Buczynski MW,Solomon JP,Michael S,Powers E

更新日期：2013-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally accepted that adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are default committed toward osteogenesis. Even when induced to chondrogenesis, hMSCs typically form hypertrophic cartilage that undergoes endochondral ossification. Because embryonic mesenchyme is obviously competent to ge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Occhetta P,Pigeot S,Rasponi M,Dasen B,Mehrkens A,Ullrich T,Kramer I,Guth-Gundel S,Barbero A,Martin I

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00