Abstract:
:The annual Leonard Ball Orations illustrate changing perspectives in Australia over 30 years on medical and social effects of misuse of alcohol and other substances. The first oration, in 1968, examined causal factors in the context of 'agent', 'purveyor' and 'host' and provided themes for subsequent orators. In regard to the agent (alcohol), it was proposed that availability (and cost) determined not only overall consumption within the community, but also numbers of users at hazardous levels. This principle seemed applicable to substance misuse and addictive behaviours overall. The influence of purveyors (and advertisers) was discussed with expectedly different perspectives from the liquor industry and social and health-care providers. The role of host was examined in terms of genetic predisposition, foreshadowing current experimental applications of gene transfer and disruption technologies in mice to substance misuse and the promise of the Human Genome Project in clarifying inheritance of substance misuse. Individual successes in harm reduction were described in the context of alcohol and road trauma, smoking prevention and heroin addiction. Government intervention was introduced with the 1987 National Campaign Against Drug Abuse. The focus shifted during the 1980s from alcohol to addictive drugs, in line with community concerns. The 1996 oration on the aborted Canberra trial of supervised heroin administration illustrated the need for, and problems associated with, such studies. The prescience and achievements of the Ball orators provide optimism and direction for efforts in the future.
journal_name
Intern Med Jjournal_title
Internal medicine journalauthors
Mackay IRdoi
10.1046/j.1445-5994.2001.00068.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-08-01 00:00:00pages
357-63issue
6eissn
1444-0903issn
1445-5994journal_volume
31pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:High inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) rates have been reported in Australasia, but no state-wide studies have yet been performed. AIM:This study estimates the 1-year incidence and point prevalence of IBD in the state of Tasmania, Australia. It also reports clinical outcomes after 12 months of diagnosis in a...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.14111
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ambulatory care is an important service for patients with the COVID-19 infection especially in a regional area where most of the patients underwent home isolation. Escalation of treatment and timely transition to inpatient care are critical when COVID-19 patients deteriorate. Equally important is ensuring transfer int...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.15016
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extramedullary haemopoiesis (EMH) is a complication commonly associated with beta-thalassaemia intermedia; it is frequently asymptomatic but can sometimes lead to symptomatic tumour-like masses. No guidelines or common consensus are available in literature regarding the different treatment strategies and only single c...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imj.12386
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic lead exposure is recognized as a potential cause of hyperuricaemia, kidney damage and hypertension. The fascinating story of lead poisoning and nephrotoxicity illustrates the utility of descriptive studies in the early elucidation of a new disease entity. The pursuit towards understanding lead nephropathy is p...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01181.x
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Low socioeconomic status is associated with cardiovascular diseases, and an association with atrial fibrillation (AF) could guide screening. AIM:To investigate if indices of advantage/disadvantage (IAD), index of education/occupation (IEO) and index of economic resources were associated with incident AF, in...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.14214
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clarithromycin is the most documented cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitor to cause an adverse interaction with simvastatin. This particular case is of interest as rhabdomyolysis only occurred after an increase in the dose of clarithromycin. The patient developed raised cardiac biomarkers without any obvious cardiac...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.12464
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Young onset dementia (YOD), where symptoms of dementia have an onset before the age of 65, has become more prominent due to the population increase from the Baby Boomer generation. This clinical perspective examines key issues in the assessment, diagnosis and management of YOD. Challenges in the assessment and diagnos...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.13099
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups are 'neutral polymorphisms' in the mtDNA genome, which have accumulated and persisted along maternal lineages as the human population has migrated worldwide. Three ethnically distinct lineages of human mtDNA populations have been identified: European, characterized by nine haplogr...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01118.x
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of tuberculosis in the non-indigenous Australian population is low. However, in this paper we report on three cases of cavitating disease, which seem to be associated with a common illicit drug habit namely smoking marijuana using a makeshift pipe or bong. There was a total of 34 positive contacts of the...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.12089
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We hereby present two case reports of moderate coronavirus disease patients, suffering from profound hypoxaemia, further deteriorating later on. A schedule pre-planned awake prone position manoeuvres were executed during their hospital stay. Following this, the patients' saturation improved, later to be weaned from ox...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.14926
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy of plasma cells. We retrospectively reviewed the survival outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma in Western Australia (WA) public hospitals over a 10-year period. We did not detect a difference in survival between patients residing the metropolitan Perth and regional are...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.14905
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The current results on the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the detection of left atrial/left atrial appendage (LA/LAA) thrombus are conflicting. AIM:The aim of the present study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in LA/LAA thrombus with meta-ana...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02932.x
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Advanced physician training in clinical pharmacology lacks a continuing education programme. There is a need for continuing medical education but how to introduce and develop education remains unclear. AIMS:The primary aim was to develop and implement a peer-led, web-based multiple choice question approach ...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.14663
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are an increasingly prescribed class of medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) has been reported in association with SGLT2i use. Clinicians need to understand how to recognise and treat this complication. We describe three ...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.13442
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of the study was to assess the structural and functional effects of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) on scleroderma finger clawing. METHODS:Using photocopies of hands of five scleroderma patients who underwent ASCT using photocopies of hands. Functional assessments used a standardized que...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01593.x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally accepted that the prevalence of food allergy has been increasing in recent decades, particularly in westernised countries, yet high-quality evidence that is based on challenge confirmed diagnosis of food allergy to support this assumption is lacking because of the high cost and potential risks associat...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.13362
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND: Several cellular pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and attempts to arrest disease progression with a single drug would not be expected to succeed in the medium term. In clinical practice, combination therapy is often used in patients deteriorating on monot...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02403.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) frequently responds to chemoimmunotherapy combining cytotoxic chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies. However, CLL is associated with significant genetic heterogeneity, and some high-risk forms are known to be chemo-resistant and associated with early relapse. AIMS:To rev...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imj.13680
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD), such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis are often complicated by infection, which results in significant morbidity and mortality. The increased risk of infection is probably due to a combination of immunosuppressive effects of the...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imj.13371
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Cardiac myxoma is a rare but important cause of stroke, which affects young people. More recently the diagnosis has been enhanced by the use of echocardiograms. We aimed to review the neurological presentations, including stroke, of cardiac myxoma in this modern era of diagnosis and management. MET...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1444-0903.2004.00563.x
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression, ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are important causes of morbidity and are among the leading contributors to global health burden. These conditions often occur in the same patient, resulting in considerably greater effect on health than combinations of chronic diseases without depression...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01794.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The consumption of Energy Drinks (Edks), has increased significantly in the last years, with a growing market that is estimated to reach $61 billion by 2021 worldwide. Several studies demonstrated the physiological and pathological effects of these substances contained in Edks. The most common ingredient con...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imj.14881
更新日期:2020-05-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Our previous work identified deficiencies in stroke care practices at regional hospitals in comparison to standards suggested by published stroke care guidelines. These deficiencies might be improved by the implementation of clinical pathways. The aim of this study was to assess changes in acute stroke care ...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01147.x
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA) remain an important strategy in the induction and maintenance of remission of inflammatory bowel diseases especially in ulcerative colitis. The prototypical drug of this class, sulfasalazine is generally well tolerated with severe hypersensitivity reactions and hepatotoxicity also described ...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.12240
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A Resuscitation Plan is a medically authorised order to use or withhold resuscitation interventions. Absence of appropriate resuscitation orders exposes patients to the risk of invasive medical interventions that may be of questionable benefit depending on individual circumstances. AIMS:To describe among ju...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.14994
更新日期:2020-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is an indolent B-cell malignancy characterised by the presence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraprotein and bone marrow infiltration by clonal small B lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells. The symptoms of WM are protean, often follow an asymptomatic phase and may incl...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.13311
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The comparative effectiveness of biologic treatment regimens in a real world Australian population is unknown. AIM:To assess the effectiveness of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARD) as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate and/or other conventional DMARD (cDMARD) for the tre...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/imj.14028
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical goddesses and gods invoked in the Hippocratic Oath were called on in times of pandemics along with Greek physicians such as Galen of Pergamum. Ancient Greek and Roman coinage provide insights into the coexisting religious and rational approaches to medicine rooted in Classical Antiquity, portraying medical sym...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.15111
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Our primary aim was to determine the rate of overseas travel in immunocompromised individuals attending appropriate clinics at an Australian tertiary care hospital. We also aimed to characterise health-seeking behaviour prior to travel and investigated sources of pre-travel advice, compared travel patterns and act...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.12753
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a pandemic when hospitals are stretched and patients need isolation, the role of hospital-in-the-home (HITH) providing acute medical care at home has never been more relevant. We aimed to define and address the challenges to acute home care services posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Planning for service operation...
journal_title:Internal medicine journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/imj.15011
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00