Abstract:
:A human total-body counter was designed and built with two 20 X 10 cm NaI (Tl) crystals suspended over an "isoresponse surface" upon which the subject reclines. This surface is curved from head to knee and from left to right, so that a gamma-ray emitting object is detected with equal efficiency when placed anywhere upon it. The positioner and detectors are housed in a low background enclosure constructed of steel 31 cm thick with a graded inner lining of lead + cadmium + copper. Calibration of the system was accomplished by administering trace amounts of various radionuclides to 48 human subjects of various sizes, ranging in age from 4--80 years. Counting rates per retained muCi at 0.53, 0.66, 1.53, and 2.75 MeV (83Rb, 137Cs, 42K, and 24Na) were determined as a function of body size and were compared with counting rates per muCi of corresponding emitters centered in a polyethylene cylinder of radius 10.3 cm. Limits of detection, corresponding to three times the standard deviation of a 50 min background, were 170 nCi 90Sr (via Bremsstrahlung X-rays), 0.78 nCi 131I, 0.48 nCi 83Rb, 0.52 nCi 137 Cs, 4.9 nCi 40K (or 5.8 g of natural potassium) and 1.7 nCi 222Rn.
journal_name
Radiat Environ Biophysjournal_title
Radiation and environmental biophysicsauthors
Lloyd RD,Mays CW,Taysum DHdoi
10.1007/BF01323223keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-04-30 00:00:00pages
157-75issue
2eissn
0301-634Xissn
1432-2099journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract::125I incorporated in DNA is known to be exceptionally toxic. Values of D0 range from about 40 to about 90 decays for survival of mammalian cells. The effectiveness of 125I in DNA with respect to the induction of breaks of the DNA strands, however, appears to be comparatively low. The numbers of strand breaks per energ...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01213705
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new device for the measurement of complete laser induced fluorescence emission spectra (maxima near 690 and 735 nm) of leaves during the induction of the chlorophyll fluorescence is described. In this the excitation light (cw He/Ne laser, 632.8 nm) is switched on by a fast electro-mechanical shutter which provides a...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01211213
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the dose distributions of an electron microbeam and to help optimization of its design, the condensed-history (CH) Monte Carlo simulation algorithm implemented in the Geant4 toolkit was selected as an alternative to the conventionally used analog algorithm. Compared to the analog algorithm, the CH algorith...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-006-0027-6
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to provide fundamental data required for dose evaluation due to environmental exposures, effective dose conversion coefficients, that is, the effective dose rate per unit activity per unit area, were calculated for a number of potentially important radionuclides, assuming an exponential distribution in ground...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-012-0432-y
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activity catalysing double-strand DNA recombination has been investigated in human tumour cell lines using an in vitro assay in which nuclear extracts from tumour cells are used to catalyse homologous recombination between deletion plasmids. The cell lines investigated showed comparable constitutive levels of recombin...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004110050056
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method which allows growth of normal human tissue to be studied in vitro is used to investigate possible interactive effects of radiation and environmentally important carcinogens on oesophageal and urothelial cell growth. Carcinogens chosen were selected for their known or suspected effect on the oesophageal mucosa...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01211257
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is shown by UV absorption and absolute fluorescence spectroscopy of solutions containing both DNA and quinacrine that the components experience mutual radio-protection due to scavenging of water radicals. From measurements at different ionic strengths it is inferred that quinacrine bound to DNA is more efficiently ...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02339804
更新日期:1975-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::The sulphur-containing radioprotectors mercaptoethylamine (MEA), aminoethylisothiourea (AET), 2- aminothiazoline , 4-oxo-2- aminothiazoline , and S-S-3- oxapentane -1,5- diisothiourea , and the radioprotective biogenic amines serotonin, histamine, and dopamine, caused the elevation of cAMP content and intensified the ...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01213732
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, temporal variations of indoor radon concentrations in Bulgaria were investigated. The radon concentrations were measured by nuclear track detectors as part of the Bulgarian National Survey, performed in the dwellings of 28 regional districts. The detectors were exposed through a year in two consecutive ...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-019-00789-y
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The non-random distribution of DNA breakage in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) experiments poses a problem of proper subtraction of the background damage to obtain a fragment-size distribution due to radiation only. As been pointed out by various authors, a naive bin-to-bin subtraction of the background signal...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-007-0098-z
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this pilot study we compared for the first time the radiation sensitivity of mouse lens epithelial cells (LECs) and mouse lymphocytes. We freshly prepared LECs and lymphocytes and irradiated them with γ-rays ((137)Cs; doses ranging from 0.25 to 2 Gy). DNA damage and repair were evaluated by alkaline comet assay and...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-012-0451-8
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::At five stages of gestation, mice were exposed dorsally to ultrasonic irradiation at 1 W/cm2 (spatial and temporal average), 2 MHz, and 34 and 37 degrees C (temperature at beginning of exposure). The results indicated that ultrasonic exposure up to at least 100 s is not hazardous to a pregnant mouse or its offspring i...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01323651
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number and type of stem cells in spleen and bone marrow of mice were determined after exposure to a single dose of 150 R on day 6, to a single dose of 500 R on day 6 or day 9 or to a fractionated dose of 150 R + 350 R on day 6 and 9. The stem cells were assayed on the basis of colony forming units (CFU) in spleen ...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01324267
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of neutron scattering in the wall of a spherical proportional counter on the energy deposition spectra and the absorbed dose is investigated. Event probabilities, and frequency and dose-averaged deposited energies are calculated with and without scattering contribution and compared. The change of absorbe...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01328977
更新日期:1975-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::Computational models of human anatomy are mathematical representations of human anatomy designed to be used in dosimetry calculations. They have been used in dosimetry calculations for radiography, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, radiation protection and to investigate the effects of low frequency electromagnetic fiel...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00411-003-0221-8
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model which simulates the observed dose-effect relationships for fish eggs exposed to chronic irradiation is presented. The model assumes that the exposed fish eggs may exist in one of the following states: normally developing, reversibly damaged, and lethally damaged. Reversible damages may be recovere...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-006-0058-z
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biological phenomena observed at low doses of ionizing radiation (adaptive response, bystander effects, genomic instability, etc.) are still not well understood. While at high irradiation doses, cellular death may be directly linked to DNA damage, at low doses, other cellular structures may be involved in what are...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-015-0622-5
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ion microprobe SNAKE at the Munich 14 MV tandem accelerator achieves beam focussing by a superconducting quadrupole doublet and can make use of a broad range of ions and ion energies, from 20 MeV protons to 200 MeV gold ions. Because of these properties, SNAKE is particularly attractive for biological microbeam ex...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-003-0222-7
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dose conversion coefficients (DCCs) for assessment of internal and external radiation exposures to terrestrial and aquatic biota are compiled for 75 radionuclides, for 14 terrestrial and 22 aquatic reference organisms. DCC values for internal exposure are calculated based on a homogeneous distribution of the radionucl...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-008-0159-y
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential of heavy ion therapy for clinical use in cancer therapy stems from the biological parameters of heavy charged particles and their precise dose localization. Biologically, carbon, neon, and other heavy ion beams (up to about silicon) are clinically useful in overcoming the radioresistance of hypoxic tumor...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF01210545
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of the increasing application of ionizing radiation in medicine, quantitative data on effects of low-dose radiation are needed to optimize radiation protection, particularly with respect to cataract development. Using mice as mammalian animal model, we applied a single dose of 0, 0.063, 0.125 and 0.5 Gy at 10 ...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-017-0728-z
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sustained pain relief following radon spa therapy in patients suffering from chronic painful diseases has been well described. But still, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We conducted the prospective and explorative RAD-ON01 study which included 103 patients who suffered from chronic painful musculo...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-018-0768-z
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of Green's function has played a fundamental role in transport calculations for high-charge high-energy (HZE) ions. Two recent developments have greatly advanced the practical aspects of implementation of these methods. The first was the formulation of a closed-form solution as a multiple fragmentation perturb...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01211542
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiological impact assessment for flora and fauna requires adequate dosimetric data. Due to the variability of habitats, shapes, and masses of the non-human biota, assessment of doses is a challenging task. External and internal dose conversion coefficients for photons and electrons have been systematically calculate...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-006-0061-4
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of gamma radiation on red blood cells have been examined using a spin labeling method. For this purpose two spin labels were used to monitor membrane fluidity: methyl 5-doxylpalmitate (Met 5-DP) and methyl 12-doxylstearate (Met 12-DS). The irradiation of red cells with the doses of 200 and 500 Gy caused dec...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01595573
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The root apex cells of Pisum sativum were irradiated in an U-240 isochronous cyclotron at the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv. Several types of micronuclei, differing in structural peculiarities, were observed in the 84 h following exposure to beams of accelerated 1H,...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01275215
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to ionizing radiation has well-documented long-term effects on cancer rates and other health outcomes in humans. While in vitro experimental studies had demonstrated that the nature of some radiation effects depend on both total dose of the radiation and the dose rate (i.e., the pattern of dose distribution o...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-016-0670-5
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The oxyhemoglobin saturation (HbO2) of single red blood cells within tumor microvessels (diameter: 3-12 micrometers) of DS-Carcinosarcoma was studied using a cryophotometric micromethod. In untreated control tumors (mean tissue temperature approx. 35 degrees C) the measured values scattered over the whole saturation r...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01323754
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study is to investigate if 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and/or changes in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in human blood cells, using different exposure and co-exposure conditions. Human umbilical cord blood-derived m...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::More accurate reconstruction of the radioactive contamination of the Techa River system in 1949-1951 has been made on the basis of refined data on the amounts and the rate of discharge of radionuclides into the Techa River from the Mayak Production Association; this has led to the development of a modified Techa River...
journal_title:Radiation and environmental biophysics
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00411-012-0414-0
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00