Notch signaling and the determination of appendage identity.

abstract：:The A(2A)R is largely coexpressed with D(2)Rs and enkephalin mRNA in the striatum where it modulates dopaminergic activity. Activation of the A(2A)R antagonizes D(2)R-mediated behavioral and neurochemical effects in the basal ganglia through a mechanism that may involve direct A(2A)R-D(2)R interaction. However, whethe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen JF,Moratalla R,Impagnatiello F,Grandy DK,Cuellar B,Rubinstein M,Beilstein MA,Hackett E,Fink JS,Low MJ,Ongini E,Schwarzschild MA

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Four mouse POU domain genomic DNA clones--Brain-1, Brain-2, Brain-4, and Scip--and Brain-2 cDNA, which are expressed in adult brain, were cloned and the coding and noncoding regions of the genes were sequenced. The amino acid sequences of the four POU domains are highly conserved; sequences in other regions of the pro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hara Y,Rovescalli AC,Kim Y,Nirenberg M

更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Break-induced replication (BIR) refers to recombination-dependent DNA synthesis initiated from one end of a DNA double-strand break and can extend for more than 100 kb. BIR initiates by Rad51-catalyzed strand invasion, but the mechanism for DNA synthesis is not known. Here, we used BrdU incorporation to track DNA synt...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Donnianni RA,Symington LS

更新日期：2013-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The pineal organ of the lizard Anolis carolinensis can be maintained for up to 10 days in superfused organ culture. During this time it synthesizes and releases melatonin into the medium flowing slowly over it. Collection of timed aliquots of medium and subsequent analysis for melatonin by radioimmunoassay reveal circ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Menaker M,Wisner S

更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the causes and consequences of wildfires in forests of the western United States requires integrated information about fire, climate changes, and human activity on multiple temporal scales. We use sedimentary charcoal accumulation rates to construct long-term variations in fire during the past 3,000 y in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marlon JR,Bartlein PJ,Gavin DG,Long CJ,Anderson RS,Briles CE,Brown KJ,Colombaroli D,Hallett DJ,Power MJ,Scharf EA,Walsh MK

更新日期：2012-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrothermal vents are a well-known source of energy that powers chemosynthesis in the deep sea. Recent work suggests that microbial chemosynthesis is also surprisingly pervasive throughout the dark oceans, serving as a significant CO(2) sink even at sites far removed from vents. Ammonia and sulfur have been identifie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anantharaman K,Breier JA,Sheik CS,Dick GJ

更新日期：2013-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:A fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay has been developed for monitoring Bacillus anthracis lethal factor (LF) protease activity. A fluorogenic 16-mer peptide based on the known LF protease substrate MEK1 was synthesized and found to be cleaved by the enzyme at the anticipated site. Extension of this work to a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cummings RT,Salowe SP,Cunningham BR,Wiltsie J,Park YW,Sonatore LM,Wisniewski D,Douglas CM,Hermes JD,Scolnick EM

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:A remarkable property of Ca2+ fluxes through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-gated Ca2+ channel is that successive increments of InsP3 induce repeated transient release of accumulated Ca2+. The initial aim of this study was to propose a model, based on hypotheses compatible with the current description of thi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Swillens S,Combettes L,Champeil P

更新日期：1994-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) represent the two central intermediates in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids. The recently discovered deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate pathway generates a mixture of IPP and DMAPP in its final step by reductive dehydroxylation of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gräwert T,Span I,Eisenreich W,Rohdich F,Eppinger J,Bacher A,Groll M

更新日期：2010-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Not having enough of what one needs has long been shown to have detrimental consequences for decision making. Recent work suggests that the experience of insufficient resources can create a "scarcity" mindset; increasing attention toward the scarce resource itself, but at the cost of attention for unrelated aspects. T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huijsmans I,Ma I,Micheli L,Civai C,Stallen M,Sanfey AG

更新日期：2019-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the application of quantitative mass spectrometry to identify plasma membrane proteins differentially expressed in melanoma cells with high vs. low metastatic abilities. Using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in culture (SILAC) coupled with nanospray tandem mass spectrometry, we identified CUB-domain...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu H,Ong SE,Badu-Nkansah K,Schindler J,White FM,Hynes RO

更新日期：2011-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulated changes in gene expression underlie many biological processes, but globally profiling cell-to-cell variations in transcriptional regulation is problematic when measuring single cells. Transcriptome-wide identification of regulatory heterogeneities can be robustly achieved by randomly collecting small numbers...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bajikar SS,Fuchs C,Roller A,Theis FJ,Janes KA

更新日期：2014-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophage responses to Francisella infection have been characterized previously by subdued proinflammatory responses; however, these studies have generally focused on macrophage cell lines or monocyte-derived macrophages. Therefore, we studied the ability of fresh human blood monocytes to engulf and respond to Franci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gavrilin MA,Bouakl IJ,Knatz NL,Duncan MD,Hall MW,Gunn JS,Wewers MD

更新日期：2006-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We lack a clear understanding of the enzootic maintenance of the bacterium (Yersinia pestis) that causes plague and the sporadic epizootics that occur in its natural rodent hosts. A key to elucidating these epidemiological dynamics is determining the dominant transmission routes of plague. Plague can be acquired from ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Webb CT,Brooks CP,Gage KL,Antolin MF

更新日期：2006-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Apicomplexan parasites replicate within a protective organelle, called the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The Toxoplasma gondii PV is filled with a network of tubulated membranes, which are thought to facilitate trafficking of effectors and nutrients. Despite being critical to parasite virulence, there is scant mechani...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beraki T,Hu X,Broncel M,Young JC,O'Shaughnessy WJ,Borek D,Treeck M,Reese ML

更新日期：2019-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome c oxidase (ferrocytochrome c: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1) has been resolved into a pair of complexes of unequal molecular weight. The larger complex (electron transfer complex) contains exclusively the oxidation-reduction proteins characteristic of cytochrome oxidase; the smaller complex (ion transfe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fry M,Vande Zande H,Green DE

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We induced sublimation of suspended few-layer graphene by in situ Joule-heating inside a transmission electron microscope. The graphene sublimation fronts consisted of mostly {1100} zigzag edges. Under appropriate conditions, a fractal-like "coastline" morphology was observed. Extensive multiple-layer reconstructions ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang JY,Ding F,Yakobson BI,Lu P,Qi L,Li J

更新日期：2009-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca2+-induced inhibition of alpha1C voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is a physiologically important regulatory mechanism that shortens the mean open time of these otherwise long-lasting high-voltage-activated channels. The mechanism of action of Ca2+ has been a matter of some controversy, as previous studies have proposed t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qin N,Olcese R,Bransby M,Lin T,Birnbaumer L

更新日期：1999-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of lymphocytes with inducers of interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) results in the production of corticotropin (ACTH) and endorphin-like activities. The pro-opiomelanocortin-derived hormones ACTH and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-endorphin and the structurally related hormones [Leu]- and [Met]enkephalin were therefore t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Johnson HM,Smith EM,Torres BA,Blalock JE

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A survey was performed to estimate the frequency of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 or O157:nonmotile (EHEC O157) in feces and on hides within groups of fed cattle from single sources (lots) presented for slaughter at meat processing plants in the Midwestern United States, as well as frequency of carcass co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Elder RO,Keen JE,Siragusa GR,Barkocy-Gallagher GA,Koohmaraie M,Laegreid WW

更新日期：2000-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Detailed molecular definition of the WAGR region at chromosome 11p13 has been achieved by chromosome breakpoint analysis and long-range restriction mapping. Here we describe the molecular detection of a cytogenetically invisible 1-megabase deletion in an individual with aniridia, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias but no...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Heyningen V,Bickmore WA,Seawright A,Fletcher JM,Maule J,Fekete G,Gessler M,Bruns GA,Huerre-Jeanpierre C,Junien C

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natal philopatry, the return of individuals to their natal area for reproduction, has advantages and disadvantages for animal populations. Natal philopatry may generate local genetic adaptation, but it may also increase the probability of inbreeding that can compromise persistence. Although natal philopatry is well do...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Salles OC,Pujol B,Maynard JA,Almany GR,Berumen ML,Jones GP,Saenz-Agudelo P,Srinivasan M,Thorrold SR,Planes S

更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Twelve zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs; termed ZIF-1 to -12) have been synthesized as crystals by copolymerization of either Zn(II) (ZIF-1 to -4, -6 to -8, and -10 to -11) or Co(II) (ZIF-9 and -12) with imidazolate-type links. The ZIF crystal structures are based on the nets of seven distinct aluminosilicate zeo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park KS,Ni Z,Côté AP,Choi JY,Huang R,Uribe-Romo FJ,Chae HK,O'Keeffe M,Yaghi OM

更新日期：2006-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Here the first reproductive sterility system for the tephritid fruit fly pest, Anastrepha suspensa, is presented, based on lethality primarily limited to embryos heterozygous for a conditional lethal transgene combination. This tetracycline (Tet)-suppressible system uses a driver construct having the promoter from the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schetelig MF,Handler AM

更新日期：2012-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Administration of gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycyl monomethyl (or monoethyl) ester to mice leads to substantial increases in the levels of glutathione in the liver and kidney. Mice depleted of glutathione by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, a potent inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, exhibited about a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Puri RN,Meister A

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The coelacanth fish Latimeria chalumnae is the sole surviving species of a phylogenetic lineage that was founded more than 400 million years ago and that has changed morphologically very little since that time. Little is known about the molecular evolution of this "living fossil," considered by some taxonomists to be ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Betz UA,Mayer WE,Klein J

更新日期：1994-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:An investigation by paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the photoreduction of ferredoxin, oxygenically by water and anoxygenically by a direct electron donor to photosystem I, led to the unexpected findings that different reductive mechanisms may be involved. Ferredoxin photoreduced by water was not reoxidized in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arnon DI,Tsujimoto HY,Tang GM

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial intracellular symbiosis (endosymbiosis) is widespread in nature and impacts many biological processes. In holometabolous symbiotic insects, metamorphosis entails a complete and abrupt internal reorganization that creates a constraint for endosymbiont transmission from larvae to adults. To assess how endosymb...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maire J,Parisot N,Galvao Ferrarini M,Vallier A,Gillet B,Hughes S,Balmand S,Vincent-Monégat C,Zaidman-Rémy A,Heddi A

更新日期：2020-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:An electron density map at 3 angstrom resolution has been calculated for Cu2+, Zn2+ superoxide dismutase from bovine erythrocytes, and the course of the main chain has been traced. The dominant structural feature is an 8-stranded barrel of antiparallel beta-pleated sheet. There is one very short helical section and tw...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richardson J,Thomas KA,Rubin BH,Richardson DC

更新日期：1975-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown previously that guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) beta gamma complexes purified from bovine brain membranes are methyl esterified on a C-terminal cysteine residue of the gamma polypeptide. In the present study, 3H-methylated G beta gamma complexes cleaved to their constituent amino acids by ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamane HK,Farnsworth CC,Xie HY,Howald W,Fung BK,Clarke S,Gelb MH,Glomset JA

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00