Abstract：
:The Ras-like family of small GTPases includes, among others, Ras, Rap1, R-ras, and Ral. The family is characterized by similarities in the effector domain. While the function of Ras is, at least in part, elucidated, little is known about other members of the family. Currently, much attention is focused on the small GTPase Rap1. Initially, this member was identified as a transformation suppressor protein able to revert the morphological phenotype of Ras-transformed fibroblasts. This has led to the hypothesis that Rap1 antagonizes Ras by interfering in Ras effector function. Recent analysis revealed that Rap1 is activated rapidly in response to activation of a variety of receptors. Rap1 activation is mediated by several second messengers, including calcium, diacylglycerol, and cAMP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) have been identified that mediate these effects. The most interesting GEF is Epac, an exchange protein directly activated by cAMP, thus representing a novel cAMP-induced, protein kinase A-independent pathway. Furthermore, Rap1 is inactivated by specific GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), one of which is regulated through an interaction with Galphai. While Ras and Rap1 may share some effector pathways, evidence is accumulating that Ras and Rap1 each regulate unique cellular processes in response to various extracellular ligands. For Rap1 these functions may include the control of cell morphology.
journal_name
Exp Cell Resjournal_title
Experimental cell researchauthors
Zwartkruis FJ,Bos JLdoi
10.1006/excr.1999.4695keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-11-25 00:00:00pages
157-65issue
1eissn
0014-4827issn
1090-2422pii
S0014-4827(99)94695-5journal_volume
253pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Taking the advantage of single-molecule imaging, our recent study has revealed surprisingly long processive movement of a Formin protein, mDia1, surfing along with the growing end of actin filaments in living cells. This finding provides direct evidence for the ability of Formins to function as processive cappers that...
journal_title：Experimental cell research
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journal_title：Experimental cell research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Experimental cell research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Experimental cell research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Experimental cell research
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journal_title：Experimental cell research
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental cell research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Experimental cell research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/excr.1993.1016
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental cell research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Experimental cell research
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journal_title：Experimental cell research
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journal_title：Experimental cell research
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更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental cell research
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