A molecular sensor that allows a gut commensal to control its nutrient foundation in a competitive ecosystem.

abstract：:Dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions in the striatum play an essential role in motor- and reward-related behaviors. Dysfunction of these neurotransmitter systems has been found in Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) negatively regulates postsynaptic sig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chergui K,Svenningsson P,Greengard P

更新日期：2004-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:To successfully colonize the human gut, enteric bacteria must activate acid resistance systems to survive the extreme acidity (pH 1.5-3.5) of the stomach. The antiporter AdiC is the master orchestrator of the arginine-dependent system. Upon acid shock, it imports extracellular arginine (Arg) into the cytoplasm, provid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsai MF,Miller C

更新日期：2013-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Sera from 30 patients with astrocytoma were tested for antibody reacting with cell surface antigens of cultured autologous astrocytoma cells. Ten percent of the patients had antibody detectable by mixed hemadsorption assays, approximately 50% by immune adherence and protein A assays, and 100% by anti-C3-mixed hemadsor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pfreundschuh M,Shiku H,Takahashi T,Ueda R,Ransohoff J,Oettgen HF,Old LJ

更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aptamers recognize their targets with extraordinary affinity and specificity. The aptamer-based therapeutic, Macugen, is derived from a modified 2'fluoro pyrimidine RNA inhibitor to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and is now being used to treat the wet form of age-related macular degeneration. This VEGF(165)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee JH,Canny MD,De Erkenez A,Krilleke D,Ng YS,Shima DT,Pardi A,Jucker F

更新日期：2005-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) is a small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein that regulates the binding of coat proteins to membranes and is required for several stages of vesicular transport. ARF also stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) activity, which can alter the lipid content of membranes by conversion of p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ktistakis NT,Brown HA,Sternweis PC,Roth MG

更新日期：1995-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The intracellular activation of trypsinogen, which is both pH- and calcium-dependent, is an important early step in the development of acute pancreatitis. The cellular compartment in which trypsinogen activation occurs currently is unknown. We therefore investigated the site of intracellular trypsinogen activation by ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sherwood MW,Prior IA,Voronina SG,Barrow SL,Woodsmith JD,Gerasimenko OV,Petersen OH,Tepikin AV

更新日期：2007-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of several acyl groups and an amide group of Taxol is catalyzed by regioselective CoA thioester-dependent acyltransferases. Several full-length acyltransferase sequences, obtained from a cDNA library constructed from mRNA isolated from Taxus cuspidata cells induced for Taxol production with methyl jasmon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Walker K,Long R,Croteau R

更新日期：2002-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Archaea (archaebacteria) are a phenotypically diverse group of microorganisms that share a common evolutionary history. There are four general phenotypic groups of archaea: the methanogens, the extreme halophiles, the sulfate-reducing archaea, and the extreme thermophiles. In the marine environment, archaeal habitats ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DeLong EF

更新日期：1992-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have analyzed the level of intraindividual sequence variability (heteroplasmy) of mtDNA in human brain by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Single base substitutions, as well as insertions or deletions of single bases, were numerous in the noncoding control region (D-loop), and 35-45% of the m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jazin EE,Cavelier L,Eriksson I,Oreland L,Gyllensten U

更新日期：1996-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Covalently cross-linked pilus polymers displayed on the cell surface of Gram-positive bacteria are assembled by class C sortase enzymes. These pilus-specific transpeptidases located on the bacterial membrane catalyze a two-step protein ligation reaction, first cleaving the LPXTG motif of one pilin protomer to form an ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang C,Amer BR,Osipiuk J,McConnell SA,Huang IH,Hsieh V,Fu J,Nguyen HH,Muroski J,Flores E,Ogorzalek Loo RR,Loo JA,Putkey JA,Joachimiak A,Das A,Clubb RT,Ton-That H

更新日期：2018-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The signal-transducing guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory (G) proteins are heterotrimers composed of three subunits--alpha, beta, and gamma. Although multiple distinctive forms of the alpha subunit have been described, only two forms of the beta subunits of the G proteins have been identified. To investigate furthe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levine MA,Smallwood PM,Moen PT Jr,Helman LJ,Ahn TG

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the organization of the kappa light chain genes in germ-line (sperm) and somatic (embryo) tissues. We constructed a plasmid containing a DNA insert coding for the kappa chain MOPC 167 and used the Southern blotting technique to determine the organization of kappa variable and constant region genes. In the h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Joho R,Weissman IL,Early P,Cole J,Hood L

更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We developed two solid-phase reagent systems for microscopic visualization and characterization of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) receptors of melanoma cells. Multiple copies of [Nle-4,D-Phe-7]-alpha-MSH, a potent analog of alpha-MSH, were conjugated to microspheres (latex beads) or macrospheres (polyamide beads...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sharma SD,Jiang J,Hadley ME,Bentley DL,Hruby VJ

更新日期：1996-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The properties of the virus synthesized by each of three morphologically different cell lines originating from DBA/2J fetal liver cells transformed by the anemic strain of Friend leukemia virus in vitro were analyzed. The cells of line G-1 are malignant in syngeneic DBA/2 mice, grow in suspension, and are erythroid in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsuei D,Pogo BG,Friend C

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intestinal CD103(-) dendritic cells (DCs) are pathogenic for colitis. Unveiling molecular mechanisms that render these cells proinflammatory is important for the design of specific immunotherapies. In this report, we demonstrated that mesenteric lymph node CD103(-) DCs express, among other proinflammatory cytokines, h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kourepini E,Aggelakopoulou M,Alissafi T,Paschalidis N,Simoes DC,Panoutsakopoulou V

更新日期：2014-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:For a number of viruses, oligomerization is a critical component of envelope processing and surface expression. Previously, we reported that a synthetic peptide (DP-107) corresponding to the putative leucine zipper region (aa 553-590) of the transmembrane protein (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wild C,Dubay JW,Greenwell T,Baird T Jr,Oas TG,McDanal C,Hunter E,Matthews T

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes the use of laminar flow of liquids in capillary systems to pattern the cell culture substrate, to perform patterned cell deposition, and to pattern the cell culture media. We demonstrate the patterning of the cell culture substrate with different proteins, the patterning of different types of cell...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takayama S,McDonald JC,Ostuni E,Liang MN,Kenis PJ,Ismagilov RF,Whitesides GM

更新日期：1999-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Activating mutations of the p110 alpha subunit of PI3K (PIK3CA) oncogene have been identified in a broad spectrum of malignant tumors. However, their role in benign or preneoplastic conditions is unknown. Activating FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutations are common in benign skin lesions, either as embryonic mutations in ep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hafner C,López-Knowles E,Luis NM,Toll A,Baselga E,Fernández-Casado A,Hernández S,Ribé A,Mentzel T,Stoehr R,Hofstaedter F,Landthaler M,Vogt T,Pujol RM,Hartmann A,Real FX

更新日期：2007-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene networks underlying closure of the optic fissure during vertebrate eye development are poorly understood. Here, we profile global gene expression during optic fissure closure using laser capture microdissected (LCM) tissue from the margins of the fissure. From these data, we identify a unique role for the C(2...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brown JD,Dutta S,Bharti K,Bonner RF,Munson PJ,Dawid IB,Akhtar AL,Onojafe IF,Alur RP,Gross JM,Hejtmancik JF,Jiao X,Chan WY,Brooks BP

更新日期：2009-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a culture system, simulating in vivo conditions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, to evaluate the long-term efficacy of antisense oligonucleotide treatment. Five oligonucleotide phosphorothioates (28-mers), complementary to different regions of HIV-1 RNA, blocked replication o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lisziewicz J,Sun D,Klotman M,Agrawal S,Zamecnik P,Gallo R

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When spores of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium novyi-NT are systemically injected into animals, they germinate exclusively within the hypoxic regions of cancers. The germinated bacteria destroy adjacent tumor cells but spare a rim of well oxygenated tumor cells that subsequently expand. Surprisingly, we found that...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Agrawal N,Bettegowda C,Cheong I,Geschwind JF,Drake CG,Hipkiss EL,Tatsumi M,Dang LH,Diaz LA Jr,Pomper M,Abusedera M,Wahl RL,Kinzler KW,Zhou S,Huso DL,Vogelstein B

更新日期：2004-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) are tau kinases and have been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The 3D structures of these kinases are remarkably similar, which led us to hypothesize that both might be capable of binding cyclin proteins--the act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chow HM,Guo D,Zhou JC,Zhang GY,Li HF,Herrup K,Zhang J

更新日期：2014-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide is removed from the synaptic space by a high-affinity transport system present in neurons and astrocytes, which is inhibited by N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-arachidonamide (AM404). After internalization, anandamide is hydrolyzed by fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an intracellular membra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fegley D,Kathuria S,Mercier R,Li C,Goutopoulos A,Makriyannis A,Piomelli D

更新日期：2004-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Ferulic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and ellagic acids, four naturally occurring plant phenols, inhibit the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of (+/-)-7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha, 10alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-2), the only known ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wood AW,Huang MT,Chang RL,Newmark HL,Lehr RE,Yagi H,Sayer JM,Jerina DM,Conney AH

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have combined standard micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion of nuclei with a modified protocol for constructing paired-end DNA sequencing libraries to map both nucleosomes and subnucleosome-sized particles at single base-pair resolution throughout the budding yeast genome. We found that partially unwrapped nucleo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henikoff JG,Belsky JA,Krassovsky K,MacAlpine DM,Henikoff S

更新日期：2011-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) and activated oncogenes on the growth and morphology of primary baby mouse kidney (BMK) cells has been studied. Early region DNA from HPV types 16, 18, 31, and 33, but not type 6, under the transcriptional control of a heterologous, retroviral promoter cooperated with EJ-ras to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crook T,Storey A,Almond N,Osborn K,Crawford L

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of the third component of human complement (C3) with methylamine results in a loss of hemolytic function and the appearance of a thiol group. Studies with [14C]methylamine have indicatd a stoichiometric and covalent reaction with the native protein. Hydrazine-inactivated C3 and C3b prepared with bovine tryps...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tack BF,Harrison RA,Janatova J,Thomas ML,Prahl JW

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in direct radiocarbon dating of Neanderthal and anatomically modern human (AMH) fossils and the development of archaeostratigraphic chronologies now allow refined regional models for Neanderthal-AMH coexistence. In addition, they allow us to explore the issue of late Neanderthal survival in regions of Western...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pinhasi R,Higham TF,Golovanova LV,Doronichev VB

更新日期：2011-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Physical forces have a profound effect on growth, morphology, locomotion, and survival of organisms. At the level of individual cells, the role of mechanical forces is well recognized in eukaryotic physiology, but much less is known about prokaryotic organisms. Recent findings suggest an effect of physical forces on b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Genova LA,Roberts MF,Wong YC,Harper CE,Santiago AG,Fu B,Srivastava A,Jung W,Wang LM,Krzemiński Ł,Mao X,Sun X,Hui CY,Chen P,Hernandez CJ

更新日期：2019-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Human platelets stimulated by epinephrine undergo enhanced turnover of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, accumulate inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid, and phosphorylate a 47-kDa protein. All of these phenomena indicate stimulation of phospholipase C. These responses are blocked complet...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Banga HS,Simons ER,Brass LF,Rittenhouse SE

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00