Patterning cells and their environments using multiple laminar fluid flows in capillary networks.

abstract：:The lacY gene of Escherichia coli was cut into two approximately equal-size fragments with Afl II and subcloned individually or together under separate lac operator/promoters in plasmid pT7-5. Under these conditions, lac permease is expressed in two portions: (i) the N-terminal portion (the N terminus, the first six p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bibi E,Kaback HR

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) play pivotal roles in signal transduction leading to apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation and inflammation. Here we identify and characterize human and mouse CARD protein 6 (CARD6), CARD-containing proteins of unique structure. CARD6 associates with microtubules an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dufner A,Pownall S,Mak TW

更新日期：2006-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein framework alterations in heritable Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) mutants cause misassembly and aggregation in cells affected by the motor neuron disease ALS. However, the mechanistic relationship between superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations and human disease is controversial, with many hypotheses postul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pratt AJ,Shin DS,Merz GE,Rambo RP,Lancaster WA,Dyer KN,Borbat PP,Poole FL 2nd,Adams MW,Freed JH,Crane BR,Tainer JA,Getzoff ED

更新日期：2014-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article, we used PCR analysis with arbitrary primers (AP-PCR) to screen for overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and assembly of contigs. A rice BAC library with three genome equivalents was used to prepare pooled BAC DNA. Twenty-two arbitrary primers were used to survey the pooled BAC DNAs...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu J,Yang D,Domingo J,Ni J,Huang N

更新日期：1998-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay has been developed for monitoring Bacillus anthracis lethal factor (LF) protease activity. A fluorogenic 16-mer peptide based on the known LF protease substrate MEK1 was synthesized and found to be cleaved by the enzyme at the anticipated site. Extension of this work to a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cummings RT,Salowe SP,Cunningham BR,Wiltsie J,Park YW,Sonatore LM,Wisniewski D,Douglas CM,Hermes JD,Scolnick EM

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Among the myriad complications involved in the current food crisis, the relationship between agriculture and the rest of nature is one of the most important yet remains only incompletely analyzed. Particularly in tropical areas, agriculture is frequently seen as the antithesis of the natural world, where the problem i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Perfecto I,Vandermeer J

更新日期：2010-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The spatial structure of genetic diversity underlying social variation is a critical determinant of how cooperation and conflict evolve. Here we investigated whether natural social groups of the cooperative soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus harbor internal genetic and phenotypic variation and thus the potential for so...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kraemer SA,Velicer GJ

更新日期：2011-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs. TPMT genetic polymorphisms represent a striking example of the potential clinical value of pharmacogenetics. Subjects homozygous for TPMT*3A, the most common variant allele for low activity, an allele that encodes a protein with two...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang L,Nguyen TV,McLaughlin RW,Sikkink LA,Ramirez-Alvarado M,Weinshilboum RM

更新日期：2005-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:There is no effective treatment for the cardiomyopathy of the most common autosomal recessive ataxia, Friedreich's ataxia (FA). The identification of potentially toxic mitochondrial (MIT) iron (Fe) deposits in FA suggests that Fe plays a role in its pathogenesis. This study used the muscle creatine kinase conditional ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Whitnall M,Suryo Rahmanto Y,Sutak R,Xu X,Becker EM,Mikhael MR,Ponka P,Richardson DR

更新日期：2008-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene-environment interactions are important determinants of cancer risk. Traditionally, gene-environment interactions are thought to contribute to tumor-suppressor-gene penetrance by facilitating or inhibiting the acquisition of additional somatic mutations required for tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that a disti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cook JD,Davis BJ,Cai SL,Barrett JC,Conti CJ,Walker CL

更新日期：2005-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The influx of Ca ions into the presynaptic nerve terminal through ion channels is a key link between the action potential and the release of chemical transmitters. It is not clear, however, which types of Ca channel are involved in neurosecretion at vertebrate synapses. In particular, there is disagreement as to wheth...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stanley EF,Atrakchi AH

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypophosphatasia is a heritable form of rickets/osteomalacia with extremely variable clinical expression. Severe forms are inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion; the mode of transmission of mild forms is uncertain. The biochemical hallmark of hypophosphatasia is deficient activity of the tissue-nonspecific isozy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henthorn PS,Raducha M,Fedde KN,Lafferty MA,Whyte MP

更新日期：1992-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A cloned complementary DNA sequence has been isolated from a human placental cDNA library in the bacteriophage expression vector lambda gt11 after screening with polyclonal antibodies against human placental aromatase-system cytochrome P-450 (P-450Arom). A single recombinant clone, lambda hAROM1, was characterized by ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Evans CT,Ledesma DB,Schulz TZ,Simpson ER,Mendelson CR

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fibronectin (FN) forms the primitive fibrillar matrix in both embryos and healing wounds. To study the matrix in living cell cultures, we have constructed a cell line that secretes FN molecules chimeric with green fluorescent protein. These FN-green fluorescent protein molecules were assembled into a typical matrix th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ohashi T,Kiehart DP,Erickson HP

更新日期：1999-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The murine pre-B leukemic cell line 70Z/3 contains both an unrearranged immunoglobulin kappa-light-chain gene and a functionally rearranged but silent kappa-light-chain gene. Mitogenic stimulation of growing 70Z/3 cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates kappa-light-gene transcription and results in a 1...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wall R,Briskin M,Carter C,Govan H,Taylor A,Kincade P

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:OLE (ornate, large, extremophilic) RNAs comprise a class of structured noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) found in many extremophilic bacteria species. OLE RNAs constitute one of the longest and most widespread bacterial ncRNA classes whose major biochemical function remains unknown. In the Gram-positive alkaliphile Bacillus hal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harris KA,Zhou Z,Peters ML,Wilkins SG,Breaker RR

更新日期：2018-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer relapse after surgery is a common occurrence, most frequently resulting from the outgrowth of minimal residual disease in the form of metastases. We examined the effectiveness of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blockade as an adjunctive immunotherapy to reduce metastatic relapse after prima...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kwon ED,Foster BA,Hurwitz AA,Madias C,Allison JP,Greenberg NM,Burg MB

更新日期：1999-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Two factors that contribute to the progression of Parkinson disease are a brain defect in mitochondrial respiration and the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by monoamine oxidase (MAO). Here we show that the two are linked. Metabolism of the neurotransmitter dopamine, or other monoamines (benzylamine, tyramine), ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cohen G,Farooqui R,Kesler N

更新日期：1997-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence for perceptual periodicity emerges from studies showing periodic fluctuations in visual perception and decision making that are accompanied by neural oscillations in brain activity. We have uncovered signs of periodicity in the time course of binocular rivalry, a widely studied form of multistable perception....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cha O,Blake R

更新日期：2019-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The coordinated redistribution of sugars from mature "source" leaves to developing "sink" leaves requires tight regulation of sugar transport between cells via plasmodesmata (PD). Although fundamental to plant physiology, the mechanisms that control PD transport and thereby support development of new leaves have remai...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brunkard JO,Xu M,Scarpin MR,Chatterjee S,Shemyakina EA,Goodman HM,Zambryski P

更新日期：2020-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A 6.2-kb full-length clone encoding a distinct protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP; EC 3.1.3.48), PTPD1, was isolated from a human skeletal muscle cDNA library. The cDNA encodes a protein of 1174 amino acids with N-terminal sequence homology to the ezrin-band 4.1-merlin-radixin protein family, which also includes the tw...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Møller NP,Møller KB,Lammers R,Kharitonenkov A,Sures I,Ullrich A

更新日期：1994-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Contemporary climate change is characterized both by increasing mean temperature and increasing climate variability such as heat waves, storms, and floods. How populations and communities cope with such climatic extremes is a question central to contemporary ecology and biodiversity conservation. Previous work has sho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reusch TB,Ehlers A,Hämmerli A,Worm B

更新日期：2005-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The T-cell antigen receptor alpha-chain genes of an alloreactive, H-2Db-specific cytotoxic T-cell clone (3F9) are described. This study and our work on the 3F9 beta-chain genes reveal that the variable region gene segments for the alpha and beta chains expressed in 3F9 are identical to the ones used by a chicken eryth...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rupp F,Brecher J,Giedlin MA,Mosmann T,Zinkernagel RM,Hengartner H,Joho RH

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A discussion of the range of applicability of Forster long-range energy transfer in the determination of macromolecular dimensions and conformational dynamics is given. Emphasis is laid on the effect of restrictions in the orientational freedom of donor and acceptor and on the importance of the orientational averaging...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dale RE,Eisinger J

更新日期：1976-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryos carrying null mutations of both retinoid X receptors alpha and beta (RXRalpha-/-/RXRbeta-/- mutants) were generated. These mutant embryos die between 9.5 and 10.5 days of gestation and display a wide range of abnormalities. The cause of the lethality appears to be the lack of formation of the labyrinthine zone...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wendling O,Chambon P,Mark M

更新日期：1999-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The number of large intramembrane particles associated with sites of synaptic vesicle release at the squid giant synapse was determined and compared to the average maximal presynaptic calcium current in order to derive an estimate of the conductance each particle would have if it were a calcium channel. This value, 0....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pumplin DW,Reese TS,Llinás R

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structural gene for plasmid-mediated ampicillin resistance resides upon a 3.2 X 10(6) dalton transposable sequence (TnA) flanked by short inverted repeated sequences that accompany its insertion. TnA was transposed to pMB8, a 1.8 X 10(6) dalton derivative of the colicingenic plasmid ColE1. Random deletions were in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heffron F,Bedinger P,Champoux JJ,Falkow S

更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Duplication of the genome during the S phase of the cell cycle does not occur simultaneously; rather, different sequences are replicated at different times. The replication timing of specific sequences can change during development; however, the determinants of this dynamic process are poorly understood. To gain insig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： White EJ,Emanuelsson O,Scalzo D,Royce T,Kosak S,Oakeley EJ,Weissman S,Gerstein M,Groudine M,Snyder M,Schübeler D

更新日期：2004-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Classical eyeblink conditioning is a well-characterized model paradigm that engages the septohippocampal cholinergic system. This form of associative learning is impaired in normal aging and severely disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some nicotinic cholinergic receptor subtypes are lost in AD, making the use of n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Woodruff-Pak DS,Vogel RW 3rd,Wenk GL

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:In adult mammalian brain, occurrence of the synthesis of estradiol from endogenous cholesterol has been doubted because of the inability to detect dehydroepiandrosterone synthase, P45017alpha. In adult male rat hippocampal formation, significant localization was demonstrated for both cytochromes P45017alpha and P450 a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hojo Y,Hattori TA,Enami T,Furukawa A,Suzuki K,Ishii HT,Mukai H,Morrison JH,Janssen WG,Kominami S,Harada N,Kimoto T,Kawato S

更新日期：2004-01-20 00:00:00