Abstract：
PURPOSE:To examine changes in spherical equivalent over a 5-year period in persons 43 to 84 years of age. METHODS:All people 43 to 84 years of age and living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, in 1988 were invited for a baseline examination (1988-1990) and a 5-year follow-up examination (1993-1995). Refractions were determined according to the same protocol at both examinations. Aphakic and pseudophakic eyes were excluded as well as eyes with best corrected Snellen visual acuity of 20/40 and worse. After exclusions, refraction was obtained on 3007 right eyes and 3012 left eyes of the 3684 people participating in both examinations. RESULTS:Right and left eyes behaved similarly. Spherical equivalent became more positive in the youngest subjects and more negative in older subjects. After adjusting for other factors, the 5-year change in spherical equivalent of those 45, 55, 65, and 75 years of age was +0.15, +0.18, +0.10, and -0.07D, respectively. Severity of nuclear sclerosis was related to the amount of change. Those with mild nuclear sclerosis at baseline had a change of +0.2 D, whereas those with severe nuclear sclerosis had a change of -0.5 D. The amount of change was also related to gender, diabetes, and age at onset of myopia. It was unrelated to education and baseline spherical equivalent. CONCLUSIONS:Changes in spherical equivalent over a 5-year period were small. Before the age of 70, people became more hyperopic. After the age of 70, people became more myopic. Much of the myopic change may be related to increasing nuclear sclerosis.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Lee KE,Klein BE,Klein Rkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-07-01 00:00:00pages
1645-9issue
8eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract：Purpose:Basement membrane degradation and macrophage aggregation at the optic fissure margins are crucial to optic fissure closure during normal murine eye development. Basement membrane degradation is also an essential step in cancer development, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role. In this stu...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-21841
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the healing of a total corneal epithelial defect extending beyond the limbus, conjunctival transdifferentiation can be inhibited by corneal vascularization as evidenced by the lack of morphological transformation of the conjunctival epithelium into a cornea-like epithelium and the persistence of goblet cells on...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi：
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether the human retinal oxygenation response (deltaPO2) to a hyperoxic provocation is abnormal in patients with type I diabetes. METHODS:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure deltaPO2 during 100% oxygen breathing in patients with type I diabetes who had either no clinically detect...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-0833
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To investigate by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) the choroidal vascular response to experimentally increased blood pressure in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Methods:For this multicenter, observational, case-control study, we enrolled 35 patients with an established di...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-23995
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The transplantation of cultivated corneal endothelial cells (CECs) has gained attention recently for the treatment of patients with corneal endothelial dysfunction. However, an efficient culturing technique for human (H)CECs has yet to be properly established. The present study was conducted to investigate the ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2634
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the neuroprotective effects of different glutamate modulation strategies, with a nonselective (MK801) and a selective (ifenprodil) NMDA receptor antagonist and a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (mGluR Group II, LY354740), in glaucoma-related in vivo rat models of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) ap...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-0754
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laser densitometric analysis of immunoperoxidase stained tissue was used to quantitate class I HLA (HLA-A,B,C) antigen expression by human corneal epithelium. Frozen sections of human donor corneas stored in modified McCarey-Kaufman medium for less than 24 hr were evaluated for class I HLA antigen by an indirect immun...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rabbit corneas were treated in vitro and in vivo with cholera toxin (CTX), a specific and irreversible activator of adenylate cyclase. Tissue pieces incubated in vitro in the presence of 10 mug/ml CTX for 15 min continuously synthesized adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) at an increased rate for 3 hr in the ab...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The pharmacokinetics of ophthalmic biotherapeutics are difficult to determine in human vitreous humor. Because of the high transparency of living tissue to near-infrared (NIR) light, the temporal changes in vitreous concentrations of a biomolecule labeled with an NIR fluorescent probe can be monitored in situ w...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-7790
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:BetaIG-H3 is a TGF-beta-induced cell adhesion molecule, the mutations of which are responsible for a group of 5q31-linked corneal dystrophies. The characteristic findings in these diseases are accumulation of protein deposits of different ultrastructures. To understand the mechanisms of protein deposits in 5q31...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the effect of macrophage depletion on herpes simplex virus type (HAV)-1 replication in the eye and on the establishment of latency in trigeminal ganglia (TG) of immunized and ocularly infected mice. METHODS:BALB/c mice were immunized with five HSV-1 glycoprotein DNA genes or were sham immunized. T...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.07-0894
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate in vitro the cell toxicity and antioxidant effects of two major tear substitutes, hyaluronic acid and a widely used carbomer, with and without preservative. METHODS:Chang conjunctival cells were treated with different concentrations of unpreserved or preserved carbomer 934P (0.03% and 0.3%), unp...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Activity in regions of the visual cortex corresponding to central scotomas in subjects with macular degeneration (MD) is considered evidence for functional reorganization in the brain. Three unresolved issues related to cortical activity in subjects with MD were addressed: Is the cortical response to stimuli pr...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-4926
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Determine which posterior uveal melanoma (PUM) size classification with three categories has the best prognostic discrimination. Methods:Single-institution study of 424 consecutive patients with PUM. The tumor's largest basal diameter (LBD), smallest basal diameter (SBD), and thickness (TH) were estimated by f...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.16-20465
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study sought to examine the acute effects of ocular ischemia and reperfusion on retinal function and determine the extent to which recovery during reperfusion is improved by allopurinol (AP), a blocker of xanthine oxidase (XO). The latter is presumed to be a major factor in the formation of free radicals a...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the effects of enzymes on mammalian vitreous gel and to thus infer the structural roles of hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate in the gel. METHODS:The wet weights of bovine vitreous gels were compared before and after incubation with Streptomyces hyaluronan lyase, chondroitin ABC lyase, testicular ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of primary angle-closure suspect (PACS), primary angle closure (PAC), and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in a rural population in China. METHODS:In all, 6716 Han Chinese 30 years of age and older (5480 subjects 40 years of age and older) from 13 villages...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-7480
更新日期：2011-11-07 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the effect of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on outflow facility in mice. METHODS:Animals received 20 μL of TA (40 mg/mL) suspension subconjunctivally either bilaterally or unilaterally and were euthanized after either 1 week or 3 weeks. Before mice were killed, IOP was measured with a rebound tonom...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-11223
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Bicarbonate transport plays a role in aqueous humor (AH) secretion. The authors examined bicarbonate transport mechanisms and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in porcine nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPE). METHODS:Cytoplasmic pH (pH(i)) was measured in cultured porcine NPE loaded with BCECF. Anion exchanger (AE), so...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2487
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To describe a software program developed to provide an objective assessment of the amount of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in high-resolution digital images of the posterior capsule after cataract surgery. METHODS:Images are analyzed by a set protocol of defining the area of the posterior capsule, rem...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Fibrillins are the major constituent of tissue microfibrils, which form the ocular zonule. In Marfan syndrome (MFS), FBN1 mutations lead to ectopia lentis. The goal of this work was to investigate zonule composition and formation in fibrillin-deficient and wild-type mice. METHODS:Immunofluorescence staining of...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-13121
更新日期：2013-12-23 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that lead to a dominant nuclear cataract in a mouse harboring the Y118D mutation in the alphaA-crystallin gene. METHODS:The physicochemical properties of alpha-crystallin obtained from mouse lenses with the Y118D mutation as well as a recombinant ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-3070
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:The purpose of this study was to measure change in anterior lamina cribrosa depth (ALD) globally and regionally in glaucoma eyes at different intraocular pressures (IOP). Methods:Twenty-seven glaucoma patients were imaged before and after IOP-lowering procedures using optical coherence tomography. The anterior...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.16-21321
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:How vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of the wet-surfaced phenotype at the ocular surface is not well understood. This study sought to identify vitamin A-responsive genes in ocular surface epithelia using gene microarray analysis of cultures of a human conjunctival epithelial (HCjE) cell line grown with ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-0627
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Dry eye disease (DED) produces ocular pain and irritation, yet a detailed characterization of ocular sensitivity in a preclinical model of DED is lacking. The aim of the present study was to assess nociceptive behaviors in an aqueous tear deficiency model of DED in the rat. METHODS:Spontaneous blinking, cornea...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-16717
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To decide whether the transitory coexpression of cone visual pigments described in the developing rat and gerbil retina is a universal feature of dichromatic mammalian species. METHODS:The rabbit, a species widely used in eye research, was selected for the study and a search made for the presence of cones that...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Oxidative stress in the human lens leads to a wide range of damage including DNA strand breaks, which are likely to contribute to cataract formation. The protein Ku80 is a fundamental component of the nonhomologous end-joining pathway that repairs DNA double strand breaks. This study investigates the putative i...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-18309
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize the spatial and temporal expression of key structural and phototransduction cascade proteins in the monkey cone outer segment (OS). METHODS:Retinas from Macaca monkeys from ages fetal day (Fd) 89 through adulthood were double labeled using immunofluorescence for short (S) or long/medium (L/M) w...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To employ quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF) imaging in rhesus macaques to noninvasively assess retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) lipofuscin in nonhuman primates (NHPs) as a model of aging and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods:The qAF imaging was performed on eyes of 26 rhesus macaques (me...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.8.16
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on ocular cells in vitro and the effects of degradable 5-FU-loaded poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide; PDLGA) 50:50 implant in the rabbit eye in vivo. METHODS:Cytotoxicity was assessed with a tetrazolium salt WST-1 cell proliferation/viability test and a lactate dehyd...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-3016
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
