Abstract：
PURPOSE:To determine the effects of enzymes on mammalian vitreous gel and to thus infer the structural roles of hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate in the gel. METHODS:The wet weights of bovine vitreous gels were compared before and after incubation with Streptomyces hyaluronan lyase, chondroitin ABC lyase, testicular hyaluronidase, or buffer alone. The extent of hyaluronan depolymerization was determined by chromatography and that of chondroitin sulfate depolymerization by western blot analysis. RESULTS:After digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronan lyase (30 U/gel), the gel wet weight was the same as that of controls (incubated with buffer alone) despite 94% of the hyaluronan having been depolymerized; when digested with 100 U/gel, the gel wet weight decreased (to 57% of original wet weight versus 86% for controls, P = < 0.001) and hyaluronan was completely depolymerized. Chondroitin ABC lyase digestion (0.2 U/gel) resulted in a slight reduction in gel wet weight (90% versus 96%, P = < 0.001) and depolymerization of 88% of the hyaluronan; the presence of fully digested chondroitin sulfate chains was established. Digestions with 100 and 500 U/gel of testicular hyaluronidase resulted in a decrease (P = < 0.001, both cases) in gel wet weight (53% versus 82%, 100 U/gel; 57%, versus 86%, 500 U/gel) with 75% and 97% hyaluronan depolymerization, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Depolymerization of all vitreous hyaluronan and of chondroitin sulfate resulted in gel wet weight reduction but not gel destruction. Digestion with 30 U/gel of Streptomyces hyaluronan lyase revealed a small pool (6%) of relatively enzyme-resistant hyaluronan that specifically contributed toward maintaining gel wet weight.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Bishop PN,McLeod D,Reardon Akeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-09-01 00:00:00pages
2173-8issue
10eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the earliest changes that occur in the retina after the onset of ectopic expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by photoreceptors in transgenic mice, to characterize the development of neovascularization (NV), and to determine the feasibility of using these mice to test the efficac...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To describe the clinical findings and to identify the genetic locus in a Dutch family with autosomal dominant benign concentric annular macular dystrophy (BCAMD). METHODS:All family members underwent ophthalmic examination. Linkage analysis of candidate retinal dystrophy loci and a whole genome scan were perfo...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：Purpose:To investigate changes of β-zone parapapillary atrophy (PPA) during axial elongation. Methods:Change of β-zone PPA was evaluated by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in myopic children for 2 years, prospectively. Using the infrared images acquired by a fixed scan circle in the glaucoma prog...
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abstract：PURPOSE:To explore the effect of dominance and laterality on refractive error and axial length. METHODS:Ocular dominance was assessed with the hole-in-the-card test in 543 children during their 2006 follow-up visits for the Singapore Cohort study Of the Risk factors for Myopia (SCORM). Data were compared to cycloplegi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi：10.1167/iovs.06-1489
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Purpose. To establish a theoretical model to determine the relationship between retinal coverage and tamponade shape in relation to tamponade volume, for a variety of tamponades, and to test these relationships with a physical analogue of the human eye. Methods. The theoretical model was based on a static balance betw...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi：10.1167/iovs.09-4442
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abstract：:After viewing red vertical stripes and green horizontal stripes, the eye subsequently views white vertical stripes as greenish and white horizontal stripes as pinkish. It has been theorized that this phenomenon, known as the McCollough effect, is related to long-tern adaptation of cells tuned for both color and orient...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Bacillus cereus causes one of the most rapidly blinding forms of bacterial endophthalmitis. Migration of B. cereus throughout the eye during endophthalmitis is a unique aspect of this disease that may contribute to intraocular virulence. This study was conducted to analyze the contribution of swarming and intra...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:As part of a systematic elucidation of the pharmacology of prostaglandin's (PG) effects on intraocular pressure in the monkey, the prototypical selective prostanoid EP(4) receptor agonist (3,7-dithia PGE(1)) was examined. It was found to be highly efficacious in nonhuman primates, and its mechanism of ocular hy...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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abstract：PURPOSE:Growth factors act through high-affinity cell surface receptors expressed by target cells and are critical modulators of cell function. Because aqueous humor is known to contain growth factors, these molecules may play a key role in maintaining the normal function of the human trabecular meshwork (HTM). Alterna...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Focal opacities are signs of early cataractogenesis in the human lens. They progress slowly over a lifetime and may be precursors of mature cataracts. The authors analyzed changes in proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol in these opacities using in situ techniques: Raman microspectroscopy, filipin cytochemis...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of caspase 1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in inflammation-induced inhibition of lacrimal gland secretion. METHODS:Lacrimal gland inflammation was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; to study the role of caspase 1) or ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi：10.1167/iovs.08-1830
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.06-0882
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi：10.1167/iovs.15-17828
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To study the aggregation of bovine gamma-crystallins in aqueous solutions and the effect of gamma(s)-crystallin on the aggregation of other gamma-crystallins. METHODS:Aggregation in aqueous solutions of gamma(s)-, gammaII-, and gammaIVa-crystallin was monitored by quasielastic light scattering. Aggregation in ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To demonstrate the effectiveness of Hierarchical Bayesian (HB) approach in a modeling framework for association effects that accounts for SEs of vision-specific latent traits assessed using Rasch analysis. METHODS:A systematic literature review was conducted in four major ophthalmic journals to evaluate Rasch ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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更新日期：2014-07-11 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Somatostatin (SST) analogues have been used to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy, pseudotumor cerebri, thyroid orbitopathy, and cystoid macular edema. There is a paucity of published data in regards to cell-specific distribution of SST receptors (SSTR) in normal human eye tissues. Gene expression for all...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The level of oxygen at the anterior corneal surface beneath the closed eyelid is shown to be equivalent to an atmosphere of 7.7% oxygen. This finding is in good agreement with assumptions which have been based on the oxygen level at the palpebral conjunctiva. However, in some instances a significant amount of oxygen i...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the cell-killing activity of varying doses of carboplatin, graded hyperthermia, and the combination of carboplatin and hyperthermia in the treatment of a transgenic murine retinoblastoma cell line. METHODS:Replicate cell wells (more than six wells per dose point) from an established transgenic mur...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi：
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the scene gist recognition in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to study the relationship between scene recognition and macular function. METHODS:Twenty-seven patients with age-related macular degeneration with a visual acuity lower than 20/50 and 17 age-matched controls were inclu...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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更新日期：2014-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the presence and distribution of integrin and fibronectin in the retinas of 21-day chick embryos and adult rats, with particular emphasis on the question of localization in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Isolated sheets of RPE solubilized and separated by gel electrophoresis contain integrin, a...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi：
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is an autosomal recessive disorder that has been linked to CYP1B1 mutations. This study was conducted to explore the role of FOXC1, which is involved in anterior segment dysgenesis, in PCG. METHODS:An earlier screening for CYP1B1 in a clinically well-characterized PCG cohort (...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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abstract：PURPOSE:Age and advanced disease in the fellow eye are the two most important risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between these variables and the optical density of macular pigment (MP) in a group of subjects from a northern European populati...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi：
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi：
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To test the amblyopic suppression at mid to low spatial frequencies when compensating for signal attenuation. Methods:Eight amblyopes with (n = 5) or without (n = 3) strabismus and 10 normal controls with normal or corrected to normal visual acuity (≥20/20) and normal stereopsis (≤40 arcseconds) participated. ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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