Abstract:
:Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are lipophilic hormones often taken in excessive quantities by athletes and bodybuilders to enhance performance and increase muscle mass. AAS exert well known toxic effects on specific cell and tissue types and organ systems. The attention that androgen abuse has received lately should be used as an opportunity to educate both athletes and the general population regarding their adverse effects. Among numerous commercially available steroid hormones, very few have been specifically tested for direct neurotoxicity. We evaluated the effects of supraphysiological doses of methandienone and 17-α-methyltestosterone on sympathetic-like neuron cells. Vitality and apoptotic effects were analyzed, and immunofluorescence staining and western blot performed. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure of supraphysiological doses of methandienone and 17-α-methyltestosterone are toxic to the neuron-like differentiated pheochromocytoma cell line PC12, as confirmed by toxicity on neurite networks responding to nerve growth factor and the modulation of the survival and apoptosis-related proteins ERK, caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and heat-shock protein 90. We observe, in contrast to some previous reports but in accordance with others, expression of the androgen receptor (AR) in neuron-like cells, which when inhibited mitigated the toxic effects of AAS tested, suggesting that the AR could be binding these steroid hormones to induce genomic effects. We also note elevated transcription of neuritin in treated cells, a neurotropic factor likely expressed in an attempt to resist neurotoxicity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that supraphysiological exposure to the AAS methandienone and 17-α-methyltestosterone exert neurotoxic effects by an increase in the activity of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and alterations in neurite networks.
journal_name
Front Cell Neuroscijournal_title
Frontiers in cellular neuroscienceauthors
Basile JR,Binmadi NO,Zhou H,Yang YH,Paoli A,Proia Pdoi
10.3389/fncel.2013.00069subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-05-09 00:00:00pages
69issn
1662-5102journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The inferior olive (IO) is a nucleus located in the brainstem and it is part of the olivo-cerebellar loop. This circuit plays a fundamental role in generation and acquisition of coherent motor patterns and it relies on synchronous activation of groups of Purkinje cells (PC) in the cerebellar cortex. IO neurons integra...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00397
更新日期:2017-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Hippocampal neurogenesis persists throughout adult life and plays an important role in learning and memory. Although the influence of physical exercise on neurogenesis has been intensively studied, there is controversy in regard to how the impact of exercise may vary with its regime. Less is known about how distinct e...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00013
更新日期:2017-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system provides protection in the CNS via resident microglial cells and those that traffic into it in the course of pathological challenges. These populations of cells are key players in modulating immune functions that are involved in disease outcomes. In this review, we briefly summarize and highlight the...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00355
更新日期:2019-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia is increasingly recognized to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases. In particular, microglia may be the cellular link between inflammation and behavioral alterations: by releasing a number of soluble factors, among which pro-inflammatory cytokines, that can regulate synaptic activi...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00243
更新日期:2015-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle of adult rodent brain generate oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that disperse throughout the corpus callosum and striatum where some of OPCs differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes. Studies in animal models of stroke demonstrate that...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00201
更新日期:2013-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Hair cells in the inner ear convert mechanical stimuli provided by sound waves and head movements into electrical signal. Several mechanically evoked ionic currents with different properties have been recorded in hair cells. The search for the proteins that form the underlying ion channels is still in progress. The me...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00100
更新日期:2018-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Transcallosal projection neurons are a population of pyramidal excitatory neurons located in layers II/III and to a lesser extent layer V of the cortex. Their axons form the corpus callosum thereby providing an inter-hemispheric connection in the brain. While transcallosal projection neurons have been described in som...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00036
更新日期:2017-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an anti-inflammatory effect to protect against ischemic stroke. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) can induce regulatory T cells tolerance in sterile-inflammation conditions. However, whether and how pDCs-mediated Tregs response play a part in the pathology of ischemic stroke remains u...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00008
更新日期:2020-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) expression has previously been reported in Purkinje cells (PCs) of rodents and humans, but its role in the regulation of behavior is not understood. Catecholamines are well known for facilitating cognitive behaviors and are expressed in many regions of the brain. Here, we investigated a possi...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00228
更新日期:2020-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Topographical and biochemical characteristics of the substrate are critical for neuronal differentiation including axonal outgrowth and regeneration of neural circuits in vivo. Contact stimuli and signaling molecules allow neurons to develop and stabilize synaptic contacts. Here we present the development, characteriz...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2012.00010
更新日期:2012-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::Tonic GABA type A (GABAA) conductance is a key factor regulating neuronal excitability and computation in neuronal networks. The magnitude of the tonic GABAA conductance depends on the concentration of ambient GABA originating from vesicular and non-vesicular sources and is tightly regulated by GABA uptake. Here we sh...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00023
更新日期:2013-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by a clinical triad of motor, psychiatric and cognitive symptoms. HD is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the gene encoding the huntingtin protein. Homozygosity for the HD-causing mutation is extremely rare; thus, the majority of HD pati...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00326
更新日期:2019-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanical force plays a fundamental role in neuronal development, physiology, and regeneration. In particular, research has shown that force is involved in growth cone-mediated axonal growth and guidance as well as stretch-induced elongation when an organism increases in size after forming initial synaptic connection...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00359
更新日期:2015-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment is a clinically useful therapy for several brain disorders. However, whether and via which exact molecular mechanisms it ameliorates post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains unclear. In the present study, rats received EA stimulation for seven consecutive days before exposure ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00275
更新日期:2019-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Hippocampal neurons produce in their early stages of growth propagative, actin-rich dynamical structures called actin waves. The directional motion of actin waves from the soma to the tip of neuronal extensions has been associated with net forward growth, and ultimately with the specification of neurites into axon and...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00086
更新日期:2017-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::Neurosteroids are cholesterol-based hormones that can be produced in the brain, independent of secretion from peripheral endocrine glands, such as the gonads and adrenals. A focus in our laboratory for over 25 years has been how production of the pregnane neurosteroid, allopregnanolone, is regulated and the novel (i.e...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00106
更新日期:2014-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) receives dense noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus. Adrenergic innervation of mPFC pyramidal neurons plays an essential role in both physiology (control of memory formation, attention, working memory, and cognitive behavior) and pathophysiology (attention deficit hype...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00341
更新日期:2017-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebral cortical tissue of murine embryo and pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived neurons can survive in the brain and extend axons to the spinal cord. For efficient cell integration to the corticospinal tract (CST) after transplantation, the induction or selection of cortical motor neurons is important. However, ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00123
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotrophin receptors use endosomal pathways for signaling in neurons. However, how neurotrophins regulate the endosomal system for proper signaling is unknown. Rabs are monomeric GTPases that act as molecular switches to regulate membrane trafficking by binding a wide range of effectors. Among the Rab GTPases, Rab5 ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00493
更新日期:2018-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Most stroke studies dealing with functional deficits and assessing stem cell therapy produce extensive hemispheric damage and can be seen as a model for severe clinical strokes. However, mild strokes have a better prospect for functional recovery. Recently, anatomic and behavioral changes have been reported for distal...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00086
更新日期:2020-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::While increasing evidence demonstrated that voluntary wheel running promotes cognitive function, little is known on how different types of voluntary wheel running affect cognitive function in elderly populations. We investigated the effects of various voluntary wheel-running types on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00177
更新日期:2018-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations lie behind the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain is usually a chronic condition caused by a lesion, or pathological change, within the nervous system. Neuropathic pain appears frequently after nerve and spinal cord injuries or dis...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00158
更新日期:2018-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Prenatal exposure to the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) induces autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in humans and autistic-like behaviors in rodents, which makes it a good model to study the neural underpinnings of ASD. Rats prenatally exposed to VPA show profound deficits in the social domain. The altered social b...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00479
更新日期:2019-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal brain injury, especially severe injury induced by hypoxia-ischemia (HI), causes mortality and long-term neurological impairments. Our previous study demonstrated activation of CD11b+ myeloid cells, including residential microglial cells (MGs) and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) in a murine mo...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00244
更新日期:2020-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Loud sound exposure exacerbates aminoglycoside ototoxicity, increasing the risk of permanent hearing loss and degrading the quality of life in affected individuals. We previously reported that loud sound exposure induces temporary threshold shifts (TTS) and enhances uptake of aminoglycosides, like gentamicin, by cochl...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00130
更新日期:2015-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research into axon-glial interactions in the nervous system has made a compelling case that glial cells have a relevant role in the metabolic support of axons, and that, in the case of myelinating cells, this role is independent of myelination itself. In this mini-review article, we summarize some of those obse...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00148
更新日期:2020-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in fast volumetric imaging have enabled rapid generation of large amounts of multi-dimensional functional data. While many computer frameworks exist for data storage and analysis of the multi-gigabyte Ca2+ imaging experiments in neurons, they are less useful for analyzing Ca2+ dynamics in astrocytes, w...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00098
更新日期:2018-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence that synaptic vesicles (SVs) can be gated by a single voltage sensitive calcium channel (CaV2.2) predict a molecular linking mechanism or "tether" (Stanley, 1993). Recent studies have proposed that the SV binds to the distal C-terminal on the CaV2.2 calcium channel (Kaeser et al., 2011; Wong et al., 2013) whi...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00071
更新日期:2014-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::To find satisfactory treatment strategies for neuropathic pain syndromes, the cellular mechanisms should be illuminated. Central sensitization is a generator of pain hypersensitivity, and is mainly reflected in neuronal hyperexcitability in pain pathway. Neuronal excitability depends on two components, the synaptic in...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00436
更新日期:2018-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::NMDARs, the Ca2+ permeable channels, play central roles in synaptic plasticity, brain development, learning, and memory. NMDAR binding partners and associated signaling has been extensively studied in synapse-to-nucleus communications. However, whether NMDARs could directly regulate synapse-to-nucleus communications i...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00334
更新日期:2018-10-02 00:00:00